THE

PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

(R.A. 8749)

Republic Act No. 8749

The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
An act, which is a consolidation of House Bill
6216 and Senate Bill No. 1255, passed by
House of Representatives on May 10, 1999
and Senate on May 13, 1999.
An act providing for a comprehensive air
pollution control policy.

General Provisions

Declaration of Principles
* The State shall protect and advance the right of the
people to a balanced and healthful ecology in
accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
* The State recognizes the principle that
Polluters must pay
* The State recognizes that clean and healthy
environment is for the good of all and should
therefore be the concern of all.

What is Air Pollutant?

Composition of Air (% by Volume)
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Other gases 1%

 Any matter found in the atmosphere other

than oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon
dioxide, and the inert gases in their natural or
normal concentrations, that is detrimental to
health or the environment.

Two Sources of Air Pollution

1. Natural Sources

Eruption of Volcano
Forest Fire
Sand Storm
Pollen Grains

2. Man Made Sources

a) Mobile Source

9/22/2016

b) Stationary Source

c) Area Source
Examples: Burning of Solid Wastes

Fugitive Dust from Development Projects

Unpaved Roads

9/22/2016

2012 EMISSION
INVENTORY: NATIONWIDE

2012 EMISSION INVENTORY:

NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

EMISSION FROM DIFFERENT

STATIONARY SOURCES

9/22/2016

12

Types of Air Sampling

a) Source Sampling activities

9/22/2016

13

Source Sampling activities

- conducted by accredited third party source
emission testing firm

b) Motor Vehicle Emission Testing

- Conducted by participating LGU and EMB
Central Office.

9/22/2016

15

c) Continuous Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS)
Metro Manila Monitoring Stations
- Managed by EMB Central and
- National Capital Region (NCR)

Real Time Monitoring Station located in PAL

Compound Pasay City

Manual Monitoring Station located in Marikina City

Manual Ambient Monitoring Stations

9/22/2016

19

Effects to Human Health &

Environment

Air Pollutants
Pollutants

Health

Environment

Particulates
(TSP, PM10, PM2.5)

Decreases lung function

Causes heart ailments,
Causes premature death.

Visibility reduction
Environmental Damage
Aesthetic Damage

Sulfur Oxides
(Sox)
Colorless gas with strong
suffocating odor

Causes eye irritation and

breathing difficulties.
Exposure associated with
increases risk of mortality
from respiratory and
cardiovascular disease

Reacts with water and

oxygen to form acid rain

Nitrogen Oxides
(NOx)
Reddish brown gas with
irritating odor, by product of
incomplete combustion from
vehicles.

Has adverse respiratory

effects including airway
inflammation and increase
respiratory symptoms.

Major source of
photochemical smog
Contributes global warming
Hampers plants growth

Air Pollutants
Ground Level Ozone
Colorless gas with pungent
irritating odor

Triggers chest pain,

coughing, throat irritation,
and congestion.
Worsens bronchitis,
NOX +VOC + Heat & Sunlight emphysema, and asthma
= Ozone

Affects vegetation and

ecosystem

Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
Colorless, odorless gas , by
product of incomplete
combustion

Reduces the oxygen-carrying Contributes to the

capacity of the blood. At
formation of smog, groundextremely high levels, can
level ozone,
cause death

Lead (Pb)

Affects nervous system,

kidney function, immune
system, reproductive and
developmental and
cardiovascular system

Affects Ecosystem

National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values for

Criteria Pollutants (Sec 1, Rule VII)
Short Term
Pollutants

LongTerm

ug/Ncm

Averaging
Time

ug/Ncm

Averaging
Time

230
150

24 hours
24 hours

90
60

1 yeare
1 yeare

Sulfur
Dioxidec

180

24 hours

80

1 year

Nitrogen Dioxide

150

24 hours

Ozone

140
60

1 hour
8 hours

35 mg/Ncm
10 mg/Ncm

1 hour
8 hours

1.5

3 monthsg

1.0

1 year

Suspended Particulate
Matterc
TSP
PM 10

Carbon Monoxide
Lead

DENR ADMINISTRATIVE
ORDER NO. 2013-13
Establishing the Provisional National Guideline
Values for PM2.5
PM 2.5 National Air Quality Guideline Values, ug/NCM
Short Term (24 Hr)

Long Term (Annual)

Implementation Period

75

35

Upon effectivity date of

DAO until Dec. 31, 2015

50

25

January 1,2016

How Big is Particulate Matter?

Size Fractions of TSP, PM10 & PM2.5

Air Pollution Clearances and

Permits for Stationary Sources
Sec. 1, Rule XIX. Permit Regulations
Section 1, Rule XIX of the IRR of RA 8749 as
amended by DAO 2004-26, requires All
sources of air pollution must have a valid
Permit to Operate.

Permit to Operate
refers to the legal authorization granted by the
Environmental Management Bureau to operate or
maintain any installation for a specified period of
time

Two Types of Permit to Operate

- Regular Permit to Operate valid for 5 years

and
- Temporary Permit to Operate valid for 3
months

PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS
Air Pollution Source Installation/Activity
Any activity, structure, equipment, facility or
appurtenances, wherein its operation is a
potential source of air pollution.

Air Pollution Control Device/Facility

Any device or apparatus used to prevent,
control or abate the pollution of air caused by
emissions from identified pollution sources (i.e.
cyclone, scrubber, filter baghouse,
impingement tanks, electrostatic precipitator
etc.)

Air Pollution Installation &

Air Pollution Control Device

Air Pollution Source Installations

Steam Generating Boiler

Blast Furnace

Air Pollution Source Installations

Bunker Oil Fired Boiler

Air Pollution Source Installations

Diesel Generator

Gasoline Station

Air Pollution Control Device

TWIN CYCLONE DUST COLLECTOR

WATER SCRUBBER SYSTEM

ACTIVATED CARBON BED ADSORBER

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

AIR POLLUTION SOURCE

INSTALLATION APPLICATION
FORM
RENEWAL OF PERMIT
NEW INSTALLATIONS

* down load in www.emb.gov.ph

INSTRUCTIONS

Fully accomplish the form and complete all the

supporting documents.
Submit all documents in duplicate copies to
permitting Section for screening/evaluation.
Received application shall be acted upon
within thirty (30) working days and you shall
be informed of our action accordingly.

Supporting Documents
Engineers Report prepared by the Pollution Control Officer and approved by the

President/General Manager with at least containing the following:

Company profile
Amount of raw materials and finished products
Material balance
Process flow diagram indicating all sources of air emission or possible air emission
Brief description of process.
List of APSI and corresponding air pollution control facility (APCF) with complete
specifications
Discussion of each APSI & APCF showing the process/mode of operation, design
criteria & efficiencies of the APCF, the quantities & types of pollutants in the final
emissions.
Discussion of mitigating measures undertaken if APSI is not provided with APCF
Estimated Annual Mass Rate of the regulated air pollutants in tons/year.

Drawing Requirements
Plan/Elevation Drawing with the following:
Vicinity Map
Plant & Machinery Layout showing the
connection of the APSI to APCF
Plan & Elevation Drawings of each APSI &
APCF
Sectional Drawing of APCF
Must be drawn in 50 cm by 90 cm signed by the
President/General Manager and duly signed
by PME/CHE or any from the two.

Supporting Documents
Copy of the Certificate of Accreditation of the Pollution Control
Office, or appointment/designation as such by the Managing
Head.

Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) or Certificate of NonCoverage (CNC) copy.

Source Emission Test Requirement (if required).
Copy of Recent Permit to Operate issued by the Office.
Copy of Discharge Permit , if applicable.
Copy of Hazardous Waste Generator Registration ID, if applicable.
Copy of SEC Registration Certificate & Articles of Incorporation
Copy of DTI Registration Certificate
11 Proof of compliance to permit conditions (if required).

Rule XIX (DAO 2000-81)

MC-2007-003 of Annex 1
1.2 Previous Requirements
data gathering techniques acceptable to the
Bureau
- that emission calculation based on the
recognized emission factors such as US EPAs AP42 publication.

Computation of Estimated Emissions from

Source using EPA AP 42 Emission Factors

Emission Factor
is a representative value that attempts to
relate the quantity of a pollutant released to
the atmosphere with an activity associated
with the release of that pollutant. This is
commonly used to calculate emissions when
stack monitoring data are not available.

General Equation
E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
where:
E = emissions
EF = emission factor
A = Activity
ER = Overall emission reduction
efficiency

EPA AP-42 Emission Factors,

(Lbs/1000 gal. fuel burned)
External
Combustion
A. Boilers

PM

CO

NOx

SO2

SO3

VOC

A. Bunker Oil
< 100 million BTU/hr
or 293.3 MW

10

55

157 (S) at 3%
S = 471

2 (S)

1.28

> 100 million BTU/hr

or 293.3 MW

9.19 (S)
+ 3.22

47

157 (S) at 3%
S = 471

5.7(S)

B. Diesel
< 100 million BTU/hr
or 293.3 MW

20

112 (S)

0.252

24

157 (S)

0.252

> 100 million BTU/hr

or 293.3 MW

EPA AP-42 Emission Factors,

(Lbs/1000 gal. fuel burned)
Internal
Combustion (i.e
Gen Sets)
A. Diesel Fuel

PM

CO

NOx

SOx

VOC

<600 Hp or
588.24 KW

41.49

127.1

590.2

38.31

48.18

> 600 Hp or
588.24 KW

13.38

133.8

428.3

133.835 (S)

12.045

Sample Calculation for Estimated

Annual Mass Rate
for Diesel Engine Generator Set
Source : 100 Kw Cummins Generator Set
Fuel Consumption = 7.4 Gallons /hr.
No. of hrs operated/year = 60 hrs
Fuel Consumption/year = 444 gals/year
No Air Pollution Control Device

E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
A = Activity (Fuel Consumption/yr)
EF = Emission Factor
No APCD: (1-0) = 1
EPA AP-42 Emission Factors, (Lbs/1000 gal.
fuel burned
<600 Hp or 588.24 KW
PM 41.49 NOx 590.2 VOC - 48.14
CO 127.1
SOx 38.31

Particulate Matter (PM)

Emission Factor = 41.49 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 444 gal/yr x 41.49 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 18.29 lbs/yr/2.2 = 8.31 kgs/yr
= .00831 MT/yr

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Emission factor = 127.1 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel
burned
NOx = 444 gal/yr x 127.1 lbs x (1 0)
1000 gal
= 56.43 lbs/yr/2.2 = 25.65 kgs/yr
= .02565 MT/yr.

Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx)

Emission Factor = 590.2 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 444 gal/yr x 590.2 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 262.05 lbs/yr/2.2 = 119.11 kgs/yr
= .119 MT/yr

Sulfur Dioxide (SOx)

Emission factor = 38.31 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned
NOx = 444 gal/yr x 38.31 lbs x (1 0)
1000 gal
= 17 lbs/yr/2.2 = 7.73 kgs/yr
= .0077 MT/yr.

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Emission Factor = 48.14 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 444 gal/yr x 48.14 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 21.37 lbs/yr/2.2 = 9.71 kgs/yr
= .0097 MT/yr

Steam Generating Installation / Boiler

Source: 100 Hp Chuan Li LSFO-fired Boiler
Fuel Consumption: 3,000 liters/month = 9,810 gal/year
Using Table in AP 42 5th Edition: < 100 million BTU/hr

No Air Pollution Control Device

E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
A = Activity (Fuel Consumption/yr)
EF = Emission Factor
No APCD: (1-0) = 1

EPA AP-42 Emission Factors, (Lbs/1000 gal. fuel burned)

<100 Million BTU/hr or 293.26 MW
PM 10 CO 5 NOx 55 SOx: SO2 157 (S) SO3 2(S) VOC
-1.284

 Particulate Matter (PM)

Emission Factor = 10 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 9810 gal/yr x 10 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 98.10 lbs/yr/2.2 = 44.59 kgs/yr.
= .04 MT/year

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Emission factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned
NOx = 9810 gal/yr x 5 lbs x (1 0)
1000 gal
= 49.05 lbs/yr/2.2 = 22.29 kgs/yr
= .02 MT/yr.

 Sulfur Dioxides (SOx)

Emission Factor = 157 (S) lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
if sulfur content of LSFO is 1%
SO2= 9810 gal/yr x 157 (1) lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 1,540 lbs/yr/2.2 = 700 kgs/yr
= 0.7 MT/yr
SO3= 9810 gal/yr x 2 (1) lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 19.62 lbs/yr/2.2 =8.91kgs/yr
= 0.0089 MT/yr

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Emission factor = 55 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned
NOx = 9810 gal/yr x 55 lbs x (1 0)
1000 gal
= 539.55 lbs/yr /2.2 = 245.25 kgs/yr
= .245 MT/yr.

 Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Emission Factor = 1.28 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 9810 gal/yr x 1.28 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 12.56 lbs/yr/2.2 = 5.7 kgs/yr
= .0057 MT/yr

Steps for applying the permit

1. Pre - evaluation of documents
2. Go to accounting section to get Order of
Payment
3. Pay to cashier the processing fee of 80 pesos
4. Proceed to Records Section to received the
application.

Steps to get the issued Permit

1. If you have the APA approval of permit
application
2. Go to Accounting Section to get Order of
Payment
3. Proceed to Cashier Section to pay the
computed permit fee. Payable to EMB-NCR
4. Claim your permit at the Records Section
5. Check the permit before you received

PERMIT CONDITIONS
FOR NEW INSTALLATIONS

Permit Conditions
By _given month_submit the following:
Updated Certificate of Accreditation of
appointed PCO;
Reduction/Mitigation Plan on the activities
that potentially may contribute greenhouse
gases or global warming, including its timetable
of implementation; and
Source Emission Test (SET) report for NOx/PM
on the __name of installation to be tested__.

Include ambient PM10 and SO2

monitoring data in every__assign quarter___
submission of the SMR. Samplings
should be done at an elevation of at least
two (2) meters above the ground level
and should be conducted at a downwind
& upwind distance of 5 to 20 times the
height of the stack.

required
issuance

Install a closed circuit television (CCTV)

camera on the stack of your boiler/furnace
with receiver located in the boiler/furnace
room. Said camera shall be web-based and
capable of real-time viewing with night vision
and readily accessible by our Office, DENREMB. Submit proof of compliance by
___assign month______.

Date of
Memorandum
30 Oct 2014
Installation of
CCTV camera on
stacks of Fuel
Burning
Equipment as
per
DAO 2008-81

REQUIREMENTS FOR PERMIT RENEWAL

Latest four quarters of SMR
First page with received copy, module 4 and
last page with notary.
Copy of the latest Permit to Operate
Copy of SET report with received copy and
summary of Emission Test.
Copy of PCO Certificate of Accreditation

Self Monitoring Report (SMR) Module 4

Summary of APSE/APCF
Process Eqpt/Storage Facility

Location

Mixer

Process bldg.

100

Fuel storage Tank

Shaded Area

2208

Fuel Burning Eqpt

Location

Fuel Used

# of hrs of operation

Quantity
Consumed

# of hrs of
operations

150 Hp Boiler

Back of process bldg.

Bunker oil

4,000

300

200 Hp Boiler

Back of process bldg

Bunker oil

6,000

350

Pollution Control Facility

Location

# of hrs of operation

Water Scrubber System

Tapped to 2 boilers

350

Cost of Treatment

Month 1

Month 2

Month 3

Cost of Person employed, (salary)

P 12,000

P 12,000

P 12,000

30

32

28

100

120

80

Total Consumption of Water (cubic meters)

Total Cost of chemicals used (e.g., activated carbon, KMnO4)
Total Consumption of Electricity (KwH)

Sample Permit To Operate

SOURCE EMISSION TEST

REQUIREMENTS
Memorandum Circular 2007-003
(Compliance to Testing Requirements)
Boiler rated at less than 50 Hp
Generator set rated at less than 300 KW
(regardless of frequency of operation)
Source that has the potential to emit less than
10 tons per year
Emission testing not required
Small Source

Small Source
Boiler rated at less than 50 Hp to 100 HP
Generator set rated at less than 300 KW to 599
KW (regardless of frequency of operation)
Source that has the potential to emit 10 to < 30
tons per year
Emission testing required once every two years
* each test shall consist of three sampling runs

Medium Sized Source:

Boiler with rated capacity from 100 to 250 Hp
Generator set with rated capacity of 600 KW
and above (regardless of the frequency of
operation) from MC 2009-004 (Amending MC
2007-003)
Source that has the potential to emit 30 to <100
tons per year
-Emission Testing annually
* each test shall consist of three sampling runs

Large Source
Boiler with rated capacity of 251 Hp or
greater
Source that has the potential to emit 100
tons or more per year
-Testing is twice (2x) per year
* each test shall consist of three sampling runs

Pollution From Stationary Sources

National Emission Standard for Source Specific Air Pollutants
Pollutant

Standard Applicable to Source

Particulates

1. Fuel Burning Equipment

a) Urban and Industrial Area
b) Other area

150
200

2. Cement Plants (kilns, etc.)

150

3. Smelting Furnaces

150

4. Other Stationary Sources

200

NOx

1. Manufacture of Nitric Acid

2. Fuel Burning Steam Generators
a) Existing Source
b) New Source
Coal-Fired
Oil-Fired

Maximum Permissible
Limits (mg/Ncm)

2,000 as acid & NO2

1,500 as NO2

1,000 as NO2
500 as NO2

Pollutant

NOx

Standard Applicable to Source

3. Diesel Powered Electricity

Generators
4. Any source other that 1, 2, 3
Existing Source
New Source

Sulfur Oxides 1. Existing Sources

a) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid
Old Installation:
and Sulf(on)ation Process
Installed & Operated
b) Fuel Burning Equipment
before 11/26/2000
c) Other Stationary Sources
New Installation:
Installed & Operated
on or after 11/26/2000

2. New Sources
a) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid
and Sulf(on)ation Process
b) Fuel Burning Equipment
c) Other Stationary Sources

Maximum Permissible
Limits (mg/Ncm)
2,000 as NO2

1,000 as NO2
500 as NO2

2,000 as SO3
1,500 as SO2
1,000 as SO3

1,500 as SO3
700 as SO2
200 as SO3

Pollutant

Standard Applicable to Source

Maximum Permissible
Limits (mg/Ncm)

Carbon Monoxide Any Industrial Source

500 as CO

Lead

Any trade, industry or process

10 as Pb

Mercury

Any Source

5 as elemental Hg

Nickel and its

Cmpds.

Any Source

20 as Ni

Copper and its

Cmpds

Any Source

100 as Cu

Cadmium and its

Cmpds

Any Source

10 as Cd

Arsenic and its

Cmpds.

Any Source

10 as AS

Grounds for Suspension or

Revocation of Permit
Non-compliance or violation of any provision
of the Act
False or inaccurate information given in the
permit application
False or inaccurate information in the
monitoring data or report
Refusal to allow inspection conducted by EMB
Non payment of appropriate fees
Other valid purposes

Fines and Penalties for

Violation of the Act
Pursuant to Section 45, Chapter 6 of RA 8749,
for violation of actual exceedance of air
quality standards, the Pollution Adjudication
Board (PAB) shall impose a fine of not more
than One Hundred Thousand Pesos
(PhP100,000.00) for every day of violation
against the owner of the source. Cease and
desist order shall also be issued by the PAB.

 Pursuant to Section 47, Chapter 6 of RA 8749,

for violation of other provisions, a fine of not
less than Ten Thousand Pesos (P 10,000.00)
but not more than One Hundred Thousand
Pesos (P 100,000) or six (6) months to six (6)
years imprisonment or both shall be imposed
for violators.

OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE

PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT
Prohibited Acts
Emission of Fugitive Particulates
Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds or
Solvent Nuisance
Conduct of Open Burning Activity
Banning of Incineration.

Pollution From Other Sources

Section 1. Ban on Smoking

The LGU shall, within 6 months from affectivity

of these IRR, implement or enforce ban on
smoking inside a public building or an enclosed
public vehicles and or other means of transport
or in any enclosed area outside of ones private
residence, private place of work or any duly
designated smoking area which shall be
enclosed.

Section 2. Regulation of
Other Sources
The DOTC shall regulate and implement
emission standards on mobile sources other
than those referred to under Section 21 of the
Act.

Part IX. Pollution From Motor

Vehicles- DOTC thru LTO
Emission Control for New Motor Vehicles
Emission Control for In-Use Motor Vehicles
National Motor Vehicle Inspection and
Maintenance Program
Roadside Inspection of Motor Vehicles.

Part X. Fuels, Additives, Substances

and Pollutants
Mechanism for Setting Fuel SpecificationsDOE, Bu. Of Product Standards of DTI, DOST,
representatives of fuel & automotive
industries, academe.
Specification of Allowable Additive Content
Review & Revision of Fuel Specifications
Monitoring Compliance through Fuel Sampling

Can we still regain the clean

environment of old Manila?

Reduce Air Pollution and

increase your life span.

DENR POLICY
MALINIS NA KAPALIGIRAN AT
MAYAMANG KALIKASAN PARA SA
BUONG SAMBAYANAN
*SALAMAT PO

DIRECTORY
Office of the Regional Director - 931-1331
Permitting Section - 931-2954 / 931-2397
Monitoring and Enforcement Section
931-2684 / 931-3506
Records Section 931-2654
Web Site: www.ncr.emb.gov.ph