CELL STRUCTURE LOCATION DESCRIPTION FUNCTION

Cell Wall

• Outer layer Support (grow tall)

Plant, Fungi, & •
• Rigid & strong Protection
Bacteria, but not •
animal cells
• Made of cellulose • allows H2O, O2, CO2 to
diffuse in & out of cell

Cell Membrane • Plant - inside cell wall • Support

• Animal - outer layer; • Protection
cholesterol • Controls movement of
• Double layer of materials in/out of cell
All cells
phospholipids with • Barrier between cell
proteins and its environment

• Selectively permeable • Maintains homeostasis

 Nucleus
• Large, oval
• Controls cell activities
• May contain 1 or more
All cells except
nucleoli Contains the hereditary
prokaryotes •
material of the cell
• Holds DNA

• Surrounds nucleus
• Controls movement of
• Double membrane
All cells except materials in/out of
prokaryotes nucleus
• Selectively permeable

Nuclear membrane

• Clear, thick, jellylike

material (cytosol)
• Organelles found inside
• Supports and protects
All cells cell membrane
cell organelles
• Contains the cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm fibers
 Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
• Network of tubes or
membranes
• Carries materials
• Smooth w/o ribosomes
through cell
All cells except • Rough with embedded
prokaryotes ribosomes • Aids in making
proteins
• Connects to nuclear
envelope & cell membrane

Ribosome
• Small bodies free or
attached to ER
All cells • Synthesizes proteins
• Made of rRNA & protein

Mitochondrion • Peanut shaped • Breaks down sugar

• Double membrane
• Outer membrane smooth
All cells except
prokaryotes • Inner membrane folded
into cristae
(glucose) molecules to
release energy
• Site of aerobic cellular
respiration
 Vacuole
• Store food, water,
Plant cells have a
• Fluid-filled sacs metabolic & toxic
single, large vacuole
wastes
• Largest organelle in plant
Animal cells have
cells • Store large amounts of
small vacuoles
food or sugars in plants

Lysosome
• Breaks down larger
food molecules into
Plant - uncommon • Small and round with a
smaller molecules
Animal - common single membrane
• Digests old cell parts

• Green, oval containing

chlorophyll (green
pigment)
Chloroplast • Uses energy from sun
• Double membrane with
to make food (glucose)
inner membrane modified
for the plant
into sacs called thylakoids
Plants and algae • Process called
• Stacks of thylakoids called
photosynthesis
grana & interconnected
• Release oxygen
• Gel like innermost
substance called stroma

nucleolus All cells except • Found inside the cell's • Make ribosomes
 nucleus
• May have more than one
prokaryotes
• Disappear during cell
division
Golgi Apparatus
• Have a cis & trans face
• Modify proteins made
All cells except by the cells
• Stacks of flattened sacs
prokaryotes
• Package & export
proteins

Cilia
• Have a 9-2 arrangement of
Animal cells, microtubules • Movement
Protozoans • Short, but numerous

Flagellum • Have a 9-2 arrangement of

Bacterial cells & microtubules
• Movement
Protozoans
• Long, but few in number
 Centrioles

• Paired structures near the

nucleus
• Separate chromosome
Animal cells
pairs during mitosis
• Made of a cylinder of
microtubule pairs

Cytoskeleton

• Strengthen cell &

maintains the shape
• Made of microtubules 7
All cells
microfilaments
• Moves organelles
within the cell