Introduction

Earthquakes are seismic movement in the Earths crust. The earth contains fluid and solid
cores throughout with waves passing through. The most potent of these said areas is the South
Sandwich islands, located at 54.4296 S, 36.5879 W. Previously studied with data of 18 sets of
different earthquakes, over the course of 35 years (Richards et al. 2008). The South Sandwich
Islands are located in an isolated area, and is a very special region of the world. Consistent
earthquakes, as well as high on the Richter scale. The area itself, is a very rocky mountainous
area. Usually very cold and inhabited by many local penguins. The value of this location comes
from its waveform couplets, Earthquakes that have occurred in the same location at different
times. Because of the frequency of earthquakes, data was a bit easier to compile. What is trying
to proven is the rotation of the inner core via these couplets. There is information to argue and it
has been proven that there is rotation between 3 degrees and 1 degree a year, more leaning
toward 1 degree (Song et al. 2002). What is important is the fact that there is inner core super
rotation. The inner core was discovered in 1940, by Inge Lehmann. She described the inner core
as a solid inner core with a liquid outer core, which was discovered via stray waves reflecting off
the surface. What made this key to the study, is the fact there are earthquakes passing by this core
every day in a very similar location, only to to be separated by fraction of a second differences.
When displayed on a seismogram, there is a visual gray area separating the two lines. Value of
comparison is defining said second differences. Mantle biases do not move with the inner core,
they are separated by timed inner core structures (Song 2000).
South Sandwich Islands
The islands of the South Georgia are a very special and unique case in the world. The fact
that many earthquakes occur here make it easy to visualize key data points. With a peak of 7.1
magnitude (USGS Data), there is a consistent and steady stream of data everyday. What is
necessary with this data, is to compare it. Using a precise set of coordinates, then you can define
how close are these earthquakes and how many degrees apart. Degrees are a set measurement
used for determining said distance, a single degree is around 111 km~.
Inner Core Rotation

Inner core rotation was discovered in 1999. The discovery was important and
groundbreaking to seismologists everywhere. Since little is known about the inner core, the first
piece of hard evidence proving rotation was important. With this knowledge, movement of
tectonic plates in the Earth became more available to predict and study. Inner heat temperatures
of the core became easier to study as well. The ~1- ~2 degrees that it shifts yearly, is reported at a
faster rate than the Earths spinning on its axis (Richards and Song 1999). The potential for new
data is immense.
Waveform Couplets
Earthquakes are broken down into P, S, and L waves. P waves compress the earth, S
waves shake it back and forth, and L waves move the Earth from side to side. What is important
about these three components is travel time. P waves arrive first at a station, so determining
travel time difference starts here and continues throughout the other waves. What a waveform
couplet is defined as is an earthquake in a similar location that occurred at a different time. Ex
one in 2005 and one in 1980. What makes this noteworthy is travel times throughout the Earth.
Because if the times are different in different years in the same location, that indicates a shift and
this is what proved the study back in 1999. The different case this time is that there is more
extensive and more accurate data available to work with. The same outcome will be proven, but
potential for new information is possible. Couplets can derive new information.
Hypothesis
What changes are shown in couplets in the South Sandwich Islands now? How accurate is the
information and how do the seismographs compare?

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands_in_United_Kingdom.svg/2000p
x-South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands_in_United_Kingdom.svg.pnge Richter scale.