Viewingdistance:

Where:
VD:Viewingdistance
DS:Display'sdiagonalsize
NHR:Display'snativehorizontalresolution(inpixels)
NVR:Display'snativeverticalresolution(inpixels)
CVR:Verticalresolutionofthevideobeingdisplayed(inpixels)
Note:Makesuretheanglemodeissettodegreeswhencalculatingthetangent.Ifusinga
spreadsheetsuchasExcel,youmustmultiplytheanglebyPI()/180.IfDSisgivenininches,
VDwillbeininches.IfVDinmetersisdesired,multiplyVDby2.54anddivideby100.

CompareREALresolutionbetweensensors:

(biggersensor)/(smallersensor)

Eg: 24/6=2i.e100%moreresolution
24/18=1.1515%moreresolution

GetDPI:

(imgWidthximgHeight)/(displayWidth/dispalyHeight)

Eg:(5184*3456)/(36*24)=144DPI

Measurescreenfromdiagonal:

sin(tan1height/widthaspectratio)*diagonalforheight,and

cos(tan1height/widthaspectration)*diagonalforwidth

Fistly,9/16togetadecimalaspectratio:0.5625

Usingtan1,wecanworkoutthediagonalangleofthescreen.tan10.5625=29.358
,meaningtheangleis29.358fromhorizontal.

Usethefollowingformula:sin(tan1result)*(diagonalsize,hypotenuse):sin29.358
*19:sin29.358=(0.49067565355234651434427338183771)*19=
9.3228374174945837725411942549166=9.32high

Usethefollowingformula:cos(tan1result)*(diagonalsize,hypotenuse):cos
29.358*19:cos29.358=0.87157342826278517733892936862199*19=
16.559895136992918369439658003818=16.56wide

Spatialresolutionofdisplaymedia:

Example#1:MacbookPro(laptop)
900pixelson8highdisplay
x=8/900pixels=0.0089/pixel
1/x=112dpi(dotsperinch)

Example#1:MacbookProviewedatd=18
900pixelson8highdisplay,p=2!0.0089
retinalarc=2arctan(p/2d)=0.057
spatialfrequencyonretina1/"=17.6cyclesperdegree

Humanacuityis50cyclesperdegree

Calculatecropfactor:

SameasDPIequation

(36*24)Fullframe/(22.3*14.9)CanonAPSC=1.6125430043447981

Cropfactorrealsizecomparedto35mm:

1/(1.622y2)=0.3801003769075337a.k.a38%offullframecoverage

Or

(CropsensorWidth*CropsensorHeight)/(FullframeWidth*FullframeHeight)


Or

For APS-C of 15.7mm x 23.7mm, is 15.7^2 + 23.7^2 = 808 and 808^0.5 = 28.4mm diagonal
For FF/35mm of 24mm x 36mm, is 24^2 + 36^2 = 1872 and 1872^0.5 = 43.3mm diagonal

Calculatepixelpitch:

(SensorWidth*SensorHeight)/(pixelsWidth*pixelsHeight)=(multiplyresultby1000toget
sizeinmicrons(micrometers))

Eg:(36*24)Fullframe/(5760*3840)Canon5DMarkIII=0.00625

0.00625*1000=6.25

Humanacuity&circleofconfusion

Themaximumallowablecircleofconfusion(C)ina
photographcanbecomputedfromhumanspatialacuity
projectedontotheintendeddisplaymedium

Example:photographicprintfromviewedat12
So, for APS-C compared to FF/35mm is 43.3 / 28.4 = 1.53 crop factor.

maxhumanacuityonretina1/50cyclesperdegree
minimumdetectableretinalarc0.02
minimumfeaturesizep=2*12*tan(/2)=0.0043(0.1mm)

assume5x7printandCanon5DII(5616x3744pixels)
5/3744pixels=0.0017/pixel(0.04mm)
therefore,circleofconfusioncanbe2.5pixelswidebeforeitsblurry
C=6.4perpixel*2.5pixels=16

Printsizefor300DPI

Longprintdimensionininches=4x(squarerootofmegapixels)

Longprintdimensionincentimeters=10x(squarerootofmegapixels)

Correlaterawvalues

JPEGvalue=(RAWvalue/16384)^(1/)*255,where=2.2

=gamma

16384=2^14

Gammacorrection

whereAisaconstantandtheinputandoutputvaluesarenonnegativerealvaluesinthe
commoncaseofA=1,inputsandoutputsaretypicallyintherange01.Agammavalue<
1issometimescalledanencodinggamma,andtheprocessofencodingwiththis
compressivepowerlawnonlinearityiscalledgammacompressionconverselyagamma
value>1iscalledadecodinggammaandtheapplicationoftheexpansivepowerlaw
nonlinearityiscalledgammaexpansion.
Generalizedgamma

Theconceptofgammacanbeappliedtoanynonlinearrelationship.Forthepowerlaw
relationshipVout=Vin,thecurveonaloglogplotisastraightline,withslopeeverywhere
equaltogamma(slopeisrepresentedherebythederivativeoperator):

Thatis,gammacanbevisualisedastheslopeoftheinputoutputcurvewhenplottedon
logarithmicaxes.Forapowerlawcurve,thisslopeisconstant,buttheideacanbeextended
toanytypeofcurve,inwhichcasegamma(strictlyspeaking,"pointgamma"[5])isdefinedas
theslopeofthecurveinanyparticularregion.

Angle of view

Angle=2*Arctan((ImageDimension/2)/FocalLength)
=2*Arctanr/f

E.g:14mmlensonfullframe:2*arctan(21.6/14)indegrees=114.10157degrees

Circle of confusion

Zeissformula:c=d/1730

c=circle
d=diagonalofformat

Conventionalformula:c=d/1500

Airy disk

=wavelenghtinnanometers

=fstop

E.g:for420nmwavelenghtatf/8xwouldbe4nm.Thus,makingthepixelsoftheimage
sensorsmallerthanthiswouldnotactuallyincreaseopticalimageresolution.