Definition of constants

k 10

M 10

MVA 10 V A

f 60 Hz

2 f

Generator:

Transformer:

Sge 750 MVA

St 800 MVA

VTL 220 kV

Vge 22.5 kV

Vp_t 22.5 kV

Lline 120 mi

Xge 107 %

Vs_t 220 kV

Cline 3 F

pf 0.83 Lag

Xtr_t 16 %

Vnetw 22 kV

rpm

min

Transmission Line Data:

60 deg

Zline ( 0.07 0.5 j )

mi

Variable Capacitor:
C 50 F 51 F 500 F
( A. )

1
Xc ( C)
j C

ZLine Zline L line ( 8.4 60j)

Vge

Xge_ohm Xge
0.722
Sge
1

Xc_send

Cline

1.768 k

Vs_t

Xtrans Xtr_t
St

9.68

Xc_receiv Xc_send 1.768 k

( B. )
Phase terminal voltage as the reference voltage:
Vg_ph

Vge

Vg_ph 12.99 kV

The current at rated load, and rated voltage is:

Sge j acos( pf )
Sg
e
3

Sg
4
4
Ige
1.597 10 1.073j 10 A
V
g_ph

Ige 19.245 kA

Eg_ph Vg_ph Ige j Xge_ohm

Eg_ph ( 20.743 11.537j ) kV

Eg_ph 23.736 kV

arg Eg_ph 29.082 deg

j 60deg

Eg_induced E g_ph e

Eg_induced ( 11.868 20.556j ) kV

(C.)
Transferring the generator reactance to the transmission line side:
Ttr

Vp_t
Vs_t

0.102

Xg_TL

Xge_ohm
Ttr

7.062

Transferring the generator induced voltage and the network voltage at the
transmission line side
Eg_line

Vnet

E g_induced

Eg_line ( 116.04 200.988j ) kV

Ttr

Vnetw

Vnet 215.111 kV

T tr

The impedances between the node points

Zg_1 ( C) j Xg_TL j Xtrans j Xc ( C)

Xtrans 9.68
Zg_1 ( 95F ) ( 27.922 16.742j )

Z12 ZLine ( 8.4 60j)

Z2Net j Xtrans

Z2Net 9.68j

ZLine Eg_ph e

60j deg

Ttr

Zg_1 ( C)

3 Vnet j
3 Xtrans

Xc_send

V1 ( C)

1
ZLine

Xc_send

1
ZLine

Xtrans
j

1
Z Line

Xtrans

j
1
1

X
Z
(
C
)
c_send
g_1
Line

Z Line
Z

60j deg

E g_ph e

V1 ( C)
Ttr
V1 ( C)
V1 ( C) j
V2 ( C) ZLine

Xc_send
Z g_1 ( C)
ZLine

V2 ( 95F ) ( 114.531 18.605j ) kV

V1 ( 95F ) ( 74.753 142.399j ) kV

Calculation of the currents of generator and network

j 60deg

E g_ph e

V1 ( C)

Ttr

Ig ( C)

Z g_1 ( C)
V2 ( C)

Inet ( C)

Ig ( 95F ) 2.013 10 891.253j A

Vnet
3

j Xtrans

Inet ( 95F ) ( 1.922 0.998j ) kA

Complex Power transfer to the network

Snet ( C) 3

Vnet
Inet ( C)
3

60j deg
E
g_ph e

Sgen ( C) 3
Ig ( C)
T tr

Pgen ( C) Re Sgen ( C)
Pnet ( C) Re Snet ( C)

Snet ( 95F ) ( 716.113 371.946j ) M V A

Sgen ( 95F ) 1.238 10 903.541j M V A

Pnet ( 95 F ) 716.113 MW

1.5 10

1 10

Pnet( C)
MW
Pgen( C)
MW
500
0

100

200

300

400

500

C
F

trace 1
trace 2

Pnet ( 95F ) 716 MW

C 95F

C60MW root Pnet ( C) 800.4M W C

C60MW 206.1 F

600

Thevenin method
Because of the shunt capacitances the Thvenin equivalent circuit of the network
is calculated. The network is cut as shown in the next figure and the open circuit
voltage and network impedance is calculated.
Open circuit voltage calculation

The sending end capacitance and line plus receiving end capacitance is connected
in parallel.The impedance of the parallel connected impedances are:
Node point equation for V1

Eg_line V1
Zg_l ( C)

V1
j Xc_send

Zg_l ( C) j Xg_TL j Xtrans Xc ( C)

V1
ZLine j Xc_send

= 0

Eg_line
1
j
1

Z Line Xc_send j
Xc_send
Z g_l ( C)

Zg_l ( C)

Eg_line

V1 ( C)

1
j
1

Z Line Xc_send j
Xc_send
Z g_l ( C)

Zg_l ( C)

V1 ( 95F ) ( 117.496 203.522j ) kV

j Xc_send
Vopen ( C) V1 ( C)
Z Line j Xc_send

Vopen ( 95F ) ( 112.733 197.361j ) kV

Thevenin impedance calculation

The Thvenin impedance is the input impedance of the circuit if the generator
is short circuited. The circuit is shown below.
ZTh1 ( C)

j Xc_send Zg_1 ( C)
Z g_1 ( C) j Xc_send

ZLine

Z Th1 ( C) j Xc_send

Ztheveniv ( C) j Xtrans

Z Th1 ( C) j Xc_send

Ztheveniv ( 95F ) ( 32.856 84.117j )

The Thvenin equivalent circuit is connected to the network as shown below

Vnet
3

124.194 kV

The current is the voltage difference divided by the Thvenin impedance:

Vopen ( C)
Inetw ( C)

Stra ( C) 3

Vnet
3

Ztheveniv ( C)

Inetw ( 95F ) ( 1.99 0.913j ) kA

Vnet
Inetw ( C)
3

Stra ( 95F ) ( 741.259 340.304j ) V M A

Ptra ( 95F ) 741.259 MW

Ptra ( C) Re Stra ( C)

C 50F 60F 500F

Pnet ( 95F ) 716.113 MW

The plot of P transferred vs the capacitance C is shown below.

550
Ptra( C)
MW
Pnet( C)
MW
450

500
450
400
350

50

100 150

200 250

300 350

400 450

500

C
F

The capacitance that has to be inserted if the transferred power is 450 MW is:
Ptransf ( 113.767F ) MW

C 100F

C500MW root Ptransf ( C) 500MW C

C500MW F
.

Xg

E g _ ph

a2

X trans1 X c_comp R
line

V1

X line

X trans2

X c_send

Vope
X c_receiv

Xg

a2

X trans1

X c_ comp
R line

V1

X line

X c_send
X c_ receiv

X trans2

V2


Definition of constants

j
Xc_send

4 1

5.655j 10

X line

_send

X trans2

V2
Vopen

X c_receiv

Zthev