Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1004 Saiesh
1005 Brembley
1006 Russell
1007 Mukesh
THE FIRE TRIANGLE
Three components
required for combustion
HALON SYSTEM
WHAT IS FOAM ?
combination of three materials:
• Water
• Air
• Foam making agent
formed by mixing the foam-making agent with water to
create a foam solution.
foam bubbles created by introducing air into the foam
solution through aerating devices.
Two most common concentrations are 3% and 6%
foams.
HOW IS FOAM GENERATED ?
AIR IN
FOAM CONCENTRATOR
THE INDUCTION RATE
specifies the percentage ratio of foam concentrate added
to water.
Aqueous film
(AFFF effect)
o Cooling effect
The flammable material is cooled down by the water/
foam solution discharged by the foam.
o Cover effect
The closed foam cover stops any further gas evaporation
from burning materials, i.e. flammable gases
foam forms a blanket on the surface of flaming liquids
o Repression effect
Flooding spaces, channels, plant parts, etc. with high or
medium expansion foam represses the atmospheric oxygen
and flammable gases necessary for the combustion
process.
o Insulation effect
foam insulates flammable material which has not yet caught
fire
FOAM CHARACTERISTICS
Knockdown Speed and Flow- ability to spread across a
fuel surface or around obstacles
Synthetic Foam
• made up of alkyl sulfonates.
• It foams more readily than the proteins and requires less water
important where the water supply is limited
CATEGORIES OF FOAM SYTEMS
Low Expansion Foams
• expansion ratio of 12:1 when mixed with air
• effective in controlling and extinguishing most flammable liquid
(Class “B”) fires
• typically used on tanker deck foam systems
High-expansion foam
• designed for fires in confined spaces
• Heavier than air but lighter than oil or water
LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF FOAM
Because they are aqueous (water) solutions, foams are
electrically conductive
Like water, foams should not be used on combustible-
metal fires.
not suitable for fires involving gases and extremely low
temperature liquids.
If placed on burning liquids whose temperatures exceed
100°C (212°F), the water content of the foam may cause
frothing, spattering or slopover.
Sufficient foam must be available.
ADVANTAGES OF FOAM
Water Pressures
Nozzle pressures should be held between 3.4 bar and
13.8 bar (50 and 200 psi)
Non-ignited Spills
Where flammable liquids have spilled, fires can be
prevented by prompt coverage of the spill with a foam
blanket
Electrical Fires
not generally recommended for use on electrical fires
Vaporized Liquids
not recommended for use on materials that react with
water, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium etc.
HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT
FOAM GENERATOR
Eductor
control
valves is critical for quick and effective
operation of the system
stored
in tanks ready to supply the proportioning
system
Pumps
• should be tested in the presence of a Surveyor
Pressure Vessels
the tank is to be considered a pressure vessel and is to
comply with the requirements as applicable.
TO STOP;
Push the system stop switch.
Stop the Emergency fire pump.
MANUALLY START AT LOCAL SIDE.
Check all Valves.
TO STOP:
Stop the Emergency fire pump.
PURIFIER ROOM
INCINERATOR ROOM
PUMP ROOM
PACKING OF FOAM
CONCENTRATES
Stackable 2 high
1000 litres Palett
Container
Size (ca. cm) 100 x 120 x 116
Tara ca. kg 80
Suitability Synthetic, Protein
Net weight approx Synthetic 1040 Kg, Protein 1150 Kg
Stackable 2 high
TYPES OF HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS
flush piping with fresh water, drain and purge with air
1 All Fixed systems except protein based non- Within 3 years from the date
alcoholic of manufacture and every
year thereafter.
2 All Fixed systems of protein based non- Annually.
alcoholic
3 All factory-sealed portable containers excluding Ten yearly.
protein based
4 All factory-sealed portable containers of protein Five yearly.
based concentrates
5 All non-sealed portable containers Within 3 years from the date
of manufacture and every
year thereafter