2019. 05. 27.

Novel alloys

István Mészáros

BME ATT
2019.

Modern alloys
Novel steels, HEA, stainless steels

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0 atom % C 25
1538 A H
B 1493
delta
ferrit I
folyadék
1394
δ N
0,5
0,16 D
1252
0,1

ausztenit
E 1147 C F
γ
912 G
M
O
769
P S 727 K

ferrit
a Schematic diagram of heat treatment processing of cold-rolled TRIP steels.

ledeburit

cementit
perlit

A: austenite, B: bainite, F: ferrite, M: martensite.

Intercritical annealing, rolling

Q
ferrite (50%), bainite (35%), metastable rest austenite (15%) L
Plastic deformation: austenite ➔ martensite
! m ax =030%, 980 MPa
0,8 2,1 tömeg % C 4,3 6,7
Fe 0,02 Fe3C
0 tömeg % Fe3C 100

High-entropy alloys (HEA)

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Configuration entropy in alloy systems

Multi-component system
•Configuration entropy or entropy of mixing.
The change of the system’s entropy due to the mixing
(arrangement) of component atoms.

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Entropy of mixing, configuration

entropy
dQ
Thermodynamical definition of entropy: dS =
T
Statistical meaning of entropy: S = k ln w
(A+B two component system,
N: number of lattice points, n: number of „A” atoms)
Statistical meaning of thermodynamical probability:
(Number of arrangement possibilities.) N!
w=
N! n !( N - n ) !
Sk = k ln w = k ln
n !( N - n ) !

Stirling’s formula ln x ! = x ln x - x ha x > 10

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Configuration entropy
N!
Sk = k ln w = k ln =
n !( N - n ) !
= k ëé N ln N - N - ( n ln - n ) - ( N - n ) ln ( N - n ) + ( N - n ) ûù
æ N -n N -n n nö
= -kN ç ln + ln ÷
è N N N Nø

Sk = -kN [ cB ln cB + c A ln c A ]

If: N=Avogadro’s number, kN=R universal gas constant

(R=8.134 J/(K mol)

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Configuration entropy
S>0
6

50% « Max S
5

4
Slope of the
3 tangents at C=0
S

and C=1 huge.

2

0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

koncentráció

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Amorphous alloys (~ 20 – 30 µm): main component 70-90 at.%

extended solid solution with amorphous structure, ΔHm big

Bulk metallic glasses (1 –20 mm) : main components 50-70 at.%

Bulk High entropy alloys: min. 4-5 equimolar components

extended solid solution with crystalline structure, ΔHm small

Richards’ rule ln3 = 1.09; ln4 = 1.38; ln5 = 1.6

Jien-Wei Yeh et al, “Nanostructured high entropy alloys

with multiple principal elements: novel alloy design concept and outcomes”
Advanced Engineering Materials (2004) 6 nr 5 pp. 299-303

B. Cantor, I.T.H. Chang, P. Knight, A.J.B. Vincent

“Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys”
Materials Science and Engineering A 375–377 (2004) 213–218

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Nagy entrópiájú ötvözetek (HEA)

Több komponens, azonos moláris arányban.

Szilárd oldat.

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Schematic illustration of BCC structure.

(a) Perfect lattice with the same atoms of Cr;
(b) serious distorted lattice for CrFeCoNiAlTi
yield stress, fracture strength and plastic strain of 2.259 GPa, 3.135 GPa
and 23.33%, respectively.

Advanced Engineering Materials 2008, 10, No. 6, p534

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HEA tulajdonságai

• Nagy szilárdság és szívósság (egyidejűleg)

• Nagy szilárdság és szívósság (alacsony
hőmérsékleten is)
• Szupravezetés
• Szuper-paramágneses viselkedés
• ...

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