Boundary Element Methods for Engineers:

Part I: Potential Problems

Introduction

and constitutive Equations 1.20, 1.21 and 1.23 give the nonzero strain components as

 (1.68)

 (1.69)

(1.70)

These strains must be compatible. Equations 1.14 to 1.18 are automatically satisfied by the plane strain
assumptions, and substituting the expressions for strains into Equation 1.13 gives



which can be simplified to



(1.71)

irrespective of the value of Poissons ratio. The biharmonic partial differential operator  is defined by

(1.72)

Equation 1.71 may be subject to various types of boundary conditions, including prescribed stresses or
displacements.

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