Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Ut Asnt Q & A I II

    Uploaded by

    Ashfaq Khan
    17 views40 pages
    Ut Asnt q & a i II

    Original Title

    Ut Asnt q & a i II

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Ut Asnt q & a i II

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    17 views40 pages

    Ut Asnt Q & A I II

    Uploaded by

    Ashfaq Khan
    Ut Asnt q & a i II

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 40
    Level I Questions Ultrasonic Testing Method The indication on the instrument display that 6 represents the far boundary of the material being tested is called: a. hash ». the inital pause c. the main bang 4. the back surface reflection H28 7. In immersion testing, the position of the transducer is ‘often varied to transmit sound into the test part at various angles to the front surface. Such a procedure is referred to as: a. angulation ». dispersion . reflection testing 4d. refraction FAS.10; 3-12 8, ‘The cable that connects the ultrasonic instrument to the transducer is specially designed so that one ‘conductor is centered inside another. The technical name for such a cable a. BX cable ». conduit ©. coaxial cable 9, 4. ultrasonic conductor cable-grade 20 H3-13, Fig. 3.9 ‘The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called: a. angulation ». calibration e. attenuation 4. correlation 10. 43.37 Another name for a compressional wave is: a. Lamb wave b. shear wave cc. longitudinal wave d. transverse wave ‘Another name for Rayleigh waves is: a. shear waves b. Tongitudinal waves c. transverse waves d. surface waves 232 ‘A material used between the face of a transducer and the test surface to permit or improve the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations from the transducer to the ‘material being tested is called: a. awetting agent ». acouplant cc. an acoustic transmitter d. lubricant H3.21 ‘The piezoelectric material in a transducer that vibrates to produce ultrasonic waves is called a: ‘a. backing material b. Lucite™ wedge . crystal 4. couplant B27 Ultrasonic testing of material where the transducer is direct contact with the material being tested may bee a, straight beam testing b. surface wave testing c. angle beam testing d. all ofthe above HAT ‘An advantage of using lithium sulfate in transducers is that it: a. is one of the most efficient generators of ultrasonic ‘energy b. is one of the most efficient receivers of ultrasonic energy . is insoluble 4. can withstand temperatures as high as 700 °C (1.260 °F) F443; 3-14 Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level I Figure 1 1, The transducer shown in Figure 1 is used for: 1. surface wave testing ». angle beam testing . immersion testing. 4. straight beam testing FA3S; [3.17 12, The transducer that contains the thinnest piezoelectric crystal is a: a. [MHz transducer b. SMHz transducer ©. 15 MHz transducer d. 25 MHz transducer B.6; E.223; H.3-20 13, A25MHz transducer would most likely be used during: 1. straight beam contact testing b. immersion testing c. angle beam contact testing 4d. surface wave contact testing, 14, The amount of beam divergence from a crystal is primarily dependent on the: type of test >. tightness of crystal backing in the transducer frequency and crystal size J. pulse length, bi b, 4. B.S4; 11.2-30; 1.240 15, When an ultrasonic beam passes through the interface between two dissimilar materials at an angle, a new angle of sound travel takes place in the second ‘material due to: a. attenuation b. rarefaction «©. compression 4. refraction F.43.15; H.2-19, 2-21; 1.236 NOTE: Using Figure 2, answer questions 16 through 20. 16, Figure 2 illustrates a contact test on an 203 mm (8 in.) aluminum block. A discontinuity is located 152 mm. (Gin, from the front surface. The display representation for this is shown to the right. What does indication A represent? a. The initial pulse or front surface indication. bi. The first discontinuity indication. © Theft back surface reflection ) 4. None of the above. E231; FAB31, FAT.2, 47.6; 1245 203 mm 152mm (Bin) in.) E | 17. In Figure 2, indication B represents: a. the initial pulse or front surface indication b. the first discontinuity indication cc. the first back surface reflection 4. none of the above E.231; F472, 6, 43.31; L245 18, In Figure 2, indication C represents the: a. second back surface reflection b. first discontinuity indication c. second discontinuity indication 4. first back surface reflection E231; P4331, 47.2, 6; 1245 19, In Figure 2, indication D represents the: ‘a, first discontinuity indication ». second indication of the discontinuity first back surface reflection 4. second back surface reflection E.231; F.A3.31, 47.2, 6; 1245 20. In Figure 2, indication E represents the: a. first discontinuity indication b. second discontinuity indication ©. first back surface reflection 4d. second back surface reflection E231; F.A331, 47.2, 6; 1245 21, The velocity of surface waves is approximately the velocity of shear waves in the same material 1. two times ». four times ch 4. %h0 F438 NOTE: Using Figure 3, answer questions 22 through 26. Figure 3 25 mm (1 in.) T 76mm Simm rr . Gin) Gi) Aluminum Water bo 2, 23. 24, 2s. 26. 27. Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level 1 Figure 3 illustrates an immersion test of a 76 mm. Bin.) block of aluminum with a discontinuity located 51mm (2 in.) below the surface. The display pattern is shown also. What does indication A represent? ‘Assume no sweep delay is used, ‘a. The first front surface indication. ». The initial pulse. . The first discontinuity indication, 4. The first back surface reflection. F.A3.31, 47.2-4; H4-6, 12-9; 1.245 In Figure 3, indication B represents the: a. first front surface indication b. initial pulse . first back surface reflection 4d. first discontinuity reflection 43.31, 47.2-45 H.4-6, 2-9; L245 In Figure 3, indication C represents the: a. first front surface indication b. first discontinuity indication c. first back surface reflection d. second front surface indication F.43.31, 47.2-4; HA-6, 2-95 L245 In Figure 3, indication D represents the: a. first discontinuity indication ». first back surface ref c. second front surface indication . second discontinuity indication P4331, 47.24; H.4-6, 2-95 1.245 In Figure 3, the distance between indications A and B represents: a, the distance from the front surface of the aluminum block to the discontinuity b. the distance from the front surface of the aluminum block to the back surface of the aluminum block . the water distance from the transducer to the aluminum block 4. none of the above A331, F47.2-4; 14-6, 24s ‘Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in the best resolving power? a, 1 MHz, b. SMHz. ©. 1OMEz . 25 MHz F435; 13-20 Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level I 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Which of the following materials of the same alloy is ‘most likely to produce the greatest amount of sound attenuation over a given distance? a. Ahand forging. b. A coarse-grained casting. ¢. Anextrusion. d. The attenuation is equal in all materials B.377; E.221; FA8.10; 1.2-28; 1.238 In contact testing, the entry surface indication is. sometimes referred to as: a. the initial pulse b. the back reflection c. the skip distance 4. the scan path 28 ‘An ultrasonic instrument display pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (often referred to as “hash” could be caused by: a. acrack b. a large inclusion ©. coarse-grained material 4. a gas pocket, E221; Fa7. ‘A test method employing two separate transducers on ‘opposite surfaces of the material being tested is called: a. contact testing ». surface wave testing c. through-transmission testing d. Lamb wave testing H49 ‘The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a given period of time (usually 1 s) is referred to as the: 1. amplitude of a wave motion >. pulse length of a wave motion ©. frequency of a wave motion . receiver-amplifier cc. damping 4d. clock 1242 A circuit that coordinates electronic operation of the ‘entire ultrasonic instrument system is called: a. damping b. areceiver-amplifier ©. aclock <4. a power supply 1242 A plan view display or recording of a part under examination is called: a. aC-scan display b. an A-scan display . an X-axis plot 4. astrip chart recording P4334 Ultrasonic data, which is presented in a form representative of the cross section of the test specimen, is called: a. an A-scan presentation b. a B-scan presentation . a C-scan presentation an X-Y plot H38 ‘What type of ultrasonic examination uses wheel-type transducers that eliminate the use of a tank? 8. through-transmission testing, b. contact testing €. resonance testing <4. immersion testing 1288 In addition to other functions, a wansducer ‘manipulator in a mechanical immersion-scanning unit permits: a. use of the through-transmission technique ». use of high scanning speeds cc. detection of obliquely-oriented discontinuities 4. utilization of less skilled operators D391 Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level I ML. 12. 113. 14. us. 116. 17. ‘A.type of data presentation most likely to be used ‘with a high speed automatic scanning system is: an A-scan presentation velocity versus amplitude plot a C-scan presentation . a plot of echo height versus depth pege H37 ‘The component in a conventional immersion system that spans the width of the immersion tank is called: an articulator . a bridge ‘a manipulator search tube 3412 ‘The component in an ultrasonic immersion system that is used to adjust and maintain a known ‘ansducer angle is called: carriage a manipulator search tube an index system FAG. ‘An amplitude type gate is necessary forall: a, shear wave examinations b. longitudinal wave examinations ¢. automatic examinations 4d, manual examinations F43.35 When a C-scan recording is used to produce a ‘permanent record of an ultrasonic test, the information displayed is typically the discontinuity's: 1. depth and size b. depth, orientation, and size . location and depth 4. location and size (plan view) H38 Rough entry surface conditions can result in: 1. aloss of echo amplitude from discontinuities b. an increase in the width of the front surface echo cc. both a and b . none of the above F45.15 As the grain size increases in a material, its principal effect in ultrasonic testing is on the: velocity of sound atten . acoustic impedance angle of refraction F453 18 118. 119. 120, 121 122, In straight beam pulse echo testing, a discontinuity with a rough reflecting surface perpendicular to the incident wave has what effect on the detected signal ‘in comparison to a smooth flat bottom hole of the same size? a. Itincreases the detected signal. b, It decreases the detected signal c. Ithas no effect on the detected signal. 4. It decreases the width of the pulse of the detected. signal. 45.22 Ultrasonic vibrations can be propagated only in the Tongitudinal mode in: ‘a, machine oil ». aluminum 4. beryllium H26 Ifthe velocity of a longitudinal mode wave in a given ‘homogeneous material is 0.625 cm/ns at 13 mm (OS in.) below the surface, what is the velocity at 51mm (2 in.) below the surface? 1 Ys the velocity at 13 mm (0.5 in.) b. "athe velocity at 13 mm (0.5 in.) ¢. the same as the velocity at 13 mm (0.5 in.) 4. none of the above W247 Ifa 5 MHz transducer is substituted for a 2.25 MHz. transducer, the effect on the wavelength of a longitudinal mode wave produced in the test specimen is that: a, the wavelength would be longer b. the wavelength would remain constant cc. the wavelength would be shorter 4. the wavelength would vary directly with the acoustic impedance H2S ‘What can cause nonrelevant indications on the ‘cathode ray tube? a. contoured surfaces b. edge effects ¢. surface conditions 4. all of the above FATA © Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level 1 123. The proper interpretation and evaluation of the 129. An A-scan display, which shows a signal both above | presented defect signals are essential to any ‘and below the sweep line, is called | nondestructive test. A common method for the | ¢ estimation of defect size is the use of: 1. a video display lO cages } a. adouble transducer test «. an audio display b. apiezoelectric standard d. a frequency modulated display | «. mode conversion B857; D178 | d. a reference standard FA731_ 130. A B-scan display shows the relative: | 124, Another name for Fresnel zone i: a. distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and its through-dimension thickness a. Fraunhofer zone » distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and ». near field its length inthe direction of transducer travel «. far field ¢. cross sectional area ofa discontinuity above a 4. Torrid zone predetermined amplitude | FAd12 ——d. none ofthe above F.43.33 125. Attenuation is a: 131. Surface (Rayleigh) waves traveling on the top face of a. test display characteristic a block: ’. test material parameter ¢. transducer characteristic 4. are not reflected from a sharp edge corner 4. form of testing bare reflected from a sharp edge corner F322. travel through the sharp edge comer and are reflected from the lower edge 126. For discontinuity geometries other than flat, the echo 4. are absorbed by a sharp edge comer amplitude is usually ______ from that observed H2.32 fora flat defect, of similar orientation perpendicular to the sound beams. 132, Surface (Rayleigh) waves are more highly attenuated by: ») 4. identical ». increased a. acurved surface c. decreased ’. abeavy couplant 4. elongated ¢. athin couplant 45.24 d. bothaand b 4229 121. To evaluate discontinuities that are oriented at an angle to the entry surface so that the sound beam 133. The velocity of sound in a material is dependent upon strikes the plane ofthe discontinuity at right angles, the: the operator must: 2. frequency ofthe wave a. change the frequency ». wavelength b. grind the surface . material properties ¢. angulate the transducer 4. vibration eyele 4. increase the gain F.3.16 FATA3 134, To vary or change the wavelength of sound being. 128. The pulser circuit in an ultrasonic instrument is used used to testa par, change the: to: 2. sound wave frequency ‘a. control the horizontal and vertical sweep b. diameter ofthe transducer ». activate the transducer «electrical pulse voltage €. control transducer timing between transmit and 4. pulse repetition rate | sweep paz 4. generate markers that appear on horizontal sweep F338 19 Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level 1 135. 136. 137, 138. 139, 140, 141. Untrasonic vibrations are commonly used to: examine materials for discontinuities ‘examine materials for thickness ‘examine materials for mechanical properties all of the above D2 Which of the following has the longest Fresnel zone? 13 mm (0.5 in.) diameter 1 MHz 13 mm (0.5 in.) diameter 2.25 MHz 28.5 mm (1.125 in.) diameter 1 MHz 38 mm (1.5 in.) diameter 2 MHz B.197 ‘When contact testing, if the ultrasonic instrument is set with an excessively high pulse repetition frequency: ‘a the screen trace becomes to0 light to see ». the time-base line becomes distorted . the initial pulse disappears 4. interference of UT signals and undesirable fluctuations in signal amplitude result B.106 ‘The advantages of immersion testing include: 4 increased inspection speed ». the ability to control and direct sound beams c. adaptability for automated scanning 4. all of the above 1.258 Longitudinal wave velocity in water is approximately ‘Ys the velocity in aluminum or steel. Therefore, the ‘minimum water path should be: a. four times the test piece thickness bathe test piece thickness €. Yathe test piece thickness plus 6 mm (0.25 in.) 4. none of the above HA4-5; 1258 In immersion testing, a wetting agent is added to the water to: a. adjust the viscosity b. help eliminate the formation of air bubbles ©. prevent cloudiness 4. none of the above 3.22 ‘The formula used to determine the fundamental resonant frequency is: F.43.36, F501 14, 143. 144, 145. 146. 47, IF frequency is increased, wavelength: 1 decreases (becomes shorter) ». increases (becomes longer) c. remain the same but velocity increases 4. remains the same but velocity decreases F439; 3-19 ‘The variable in distance amplitude calibration block construction isthe: a. drilled hole size ». drilled hole point angle c. metal distance above the drilled hole d. angle of the drilled hole to block longitudinal axis HS-7; 1.264 ‘When setting up a distance amplitude correction curve using 3 flat bottom holes, sometimes the hole closest to the transducer gives less of a response than ‘one or both of the other two. This could be caused by: 1. ahole that is too large b. near field effects c. impedance mismatch d. the acoustic velocity 1.239, 263 Most ferrous and nonferrous welds may be ultrasonically tested using a frequency range of: a. 25-100 kHz, bs, 200-500 kHz . 1-2.25 MHz 4. 3-6 MHz fe. 10-20 MHz F481 ‘The product of the material density and the velocity of sound within that material is referred to as: 1 acoustic impedance near field . acoustic attenuation |. ultrasonic beam distribution . vibrational index F.45.1; H.2-35 A straight beam contact transducer consists of: 4 acase, a crystal, a mount, and backing . acase, acrystal, backing, and a plastic wedge . acase, a crystal, backing, and acoustic lenses dd acase, a crystal, a mount, backing, a plastic wedge, and acoustic lenses F436 148. In immersion testing, to remove the second water reflection from between the entry surface signal and the first back reflection, you should: a. increase the repetition rate b. decrease the frequency c. decrease the sweep length 4. increase the water path F.46.10 149, For a given incident angle, as the frequency of the transducer increases, the refracted angle: a. increases b. decreases . stays the same 4d. cannot be determined 224 150. Both longitudinal and shear waves may be simultaneously generated in a second medium when the angle of incidence is: 2 between normal and the first critical angle b. between the first and second critical angles ©. past the second critical angle 4. only at the second critical angle H225 151. In immersion testing, when the sound beam strikes a concave surface, the sound beam tends to: a. converge b. diverge . stay the same 4d. mode convert 2-38 152, Penetration of ultrasonic waves in a material is normally the function of test frequency used. The ‘greatest depth of penetration is provided by @ frequency of: a. MHz. b. 2.25 MHz ©. SMHz 4. 10 MHz. H321 153. Generally speaking, certain piezoelectric materials exhibit better properties than others. The following ‘material that is considered to be the most efficient receiver of ultrasonic energy is: a. quartz ». ceramic . barium titanate 4. lithium sulfate W314 2 154, 158. 156. 157. 158. 159, Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level 1 Refracted energy assumes a new direction of propagation when the is changed. a b 4. FAB.15 ‘The loss of energy as it propagates through material is the result of beam: a. interference ». attenuation 43.22 In selecting a suitable couplant, which of the following characteristics would not affect the selection? a. Mode of propagation desired. b. Material surface finish and temperature. cc. Operating frequency of the transducer. 4. Chemical properties of the couplant. 1179 Excessive surface roughness of the material being tested can cause: 4. alloss of echo amplitude from discontinuities within the material ». impedance mismatch c. increased acoustic velocity d. increased back surface response F45.15 Reference or calibration standards are used for: a. determining phase shift analysis b. providing a method for standardizing the test system c. determining tensile strength 4. measuring vibrations HS3 ‘The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam when it passes from one material o another material in which elasticity and density differ is called: a. refraction b. rarefaction cc. angulation d. reflection H2-21 Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level I 160. If discontinuity is oriented at an angle other than {90 degrees tothe sound beam, the results may be a: a, loss of signal linearity b. loss or lack of signal reflected from the discontinuity ¢. focusing of the sound beam 4. loss of interference phenomena 4.33 161. A device that transforms ele ‘mechanical and vice versa ut ical pulses into a. Snell’s law ». piezoelectric principles cc. mode conversion principles d. none of the above H27 162. Whenever an ultrasonic incident angle is set at S degrees from normal: 4. the refracted wave is mode converted ». the refracted wave is the same mode as the incident wave c. the refracted wave has two components, one of which will be the same mode as the incident wave ;possible to determine mode(s) of refracted wave without more information a 3.28 163. Ifa discontinuity is located in the Fresnel or near field region of a sound beam: ‘a. the larger the discontinuity, the larger the ‘amplitude of the reflected signal b. the closer to the surface the discontinuity is located, the larger will be the amplitude of reflected signal in immersion testing, the amplitude of signal increases as the water path decreases 4. in immersion testing, the amplitude of reflected signal may increase or decrease as water path decreases C212 164, If transducer is vibrating ata frequency and injecting ultrasonic energy through water into a stee! specimen: ‘a. the sound wavelength is the same in both the water and the steel ». the sound frequency in the water is less than the sound frequency in steel c. the sound wavelength is not the same in both the water and the steel 4. the sound frequency in the water is greater than the sound frequency in steel C53 Figure 9 15° 165, When a longitudinal sound wave strikes a water-steel interface at an angle of incidence of 15°, (see Figure 9): a. all the sound energy is reflected back into the water at an angle of 15° », par of the sound energy is reflected at 15° and part is refracted into the steel at an angle of less than 15° art of the sound energy is reflected at 15° and part is refracted along the water-steel interface 4. part of the sound energy is reflected at 15° and part is refracted into the steel at an angle greater than 18° 3:30 { | error ees tanto sR ArArr Alo AerARO AO ee Level I Answers Ultrasonic Testing Method 37. a 73. a 38. b m4. da 39. 75. ¢ 40. a 76. ¢ 4l. a 77. a 42. b 78. d 43. ¢ 79. a 44. ¢ 80. d 45. ¢ 81. b 46. a 82. d 47. a 83. a 48. a 84. 49. a 85. ¢ 50. b 86. a Sl. d 87. ¢ 52. b 88. b 53. d 89. b 54. b 90. ¢ 55. a ol d 56. b 92. a 57. ¢ 93. b 58. ¢ 94. a 59. b 95. a 60. a 96. d 6l. ¢ 97. a 62. d 98. b 63. a 99. ¢ 64. b 100. ¢ 65. d 101. d 66. ¢ 102. a 67. ¢ 103. a 68. ¢ 104. b 69. a 105. a 70. ¢ 106. ¢ TL b 107. a 72. d 108. b 109. 110. 11. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124, 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139, 140. 141. 142. 143. 144, veperoaanasorcoose ese R Ale ooe Re oO 145. 147. 148. 149. 150. peoarpe 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. ognares 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. ogrroe 163. d 164. ¢ 165. d ¢ ) Level IT Questions Ultrasonic Testing Method ‘The wave mode that has multiple or varying wave velocities is: a. longitudinal waves b. shear waves ©. transverse waves . Lamb waves F439 ‘Which of the following would be considered application(s) of ultrasonic techniques? a. Determination of a material's elastic modulus. b. Study of a material’s metallurgical structure, cc. Measurement of a material’s thickness. 4d. All of the above. F432 ‘The only significant sound wave mode that travels through a liquid is a: a. shear wave b. longitudinal wave ©. surface wave . Rayleigh wave F456 ‘The acoustic impedance of a material is used to determine the: a. angle of refraction at an interface b. attenuation within the material c. relative amounts of sound energy coupled through and reflected at an interface 4. beam spread within the material F312 ‘When angle beam contact testing a test piece, increasing the incident angle until the second critical angle is reached results in: a. total reflection of a surface wave b. 45 degree refraction ofthe shear wave ‘c, production of a surface wave 4. none of the above 227 10, ‘Acoustic energy propagates in different modes. ‘Which of the following represent a mode? ‘a, A longitudinal wave. . A shear wave. . A surface wave. 4. All of the above. H25 ‘The simple experiment where a stick in a glass of ‘water appears disjointed at the water surface illustrates the phenomenon of: a. reflection ». magnification c. refraction 4d. diffraction 1232 ‘The crystal thickness and transducer frequency are related. ‘The thinner the crystal: a. the lower the frequency b. the higher the frequency . there is no appreciable affect 4. none of the above 3.20 ‘The random distribution of crystallographic direction in alloys with large crystalline structures is a factor in determining acoustic noise levels b. selection of test frequency ©. scattering of sound 4. all ofthe above FAS6 ‘The length of the zone adjacent to a transducer in which fluctuations in sound pressure occur is mostly affected by: a. the frequency of the transducer b. the diameter ofthe transducer ©. the length of transducer cable 4. both a and b Dat Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level IT 11. The differences in signals received from identical 15, reflectors at different material distances from a transducer may be caused by: a. material attenuation b. beam divergence c. near field effects d. all ofthe above B.197-198 12. Itis possible for a discontinuity smaller than the transducer to produce indications of fluctuating 16. amplitude as the transducer is moved laterally if testing is being performed in the: 1. Fraunhofer zone ». near field ©. Snell field 4. shadow zone BAST 13, Inimmersion testing, the near field effects of a transducer may be eliminated by: a. increasing transducer frequency 17. ». using a larger diameter transducer ©. using an appropriate water path d. using a focused transducer P4414 14, In Figure 1, assuming a uniform beam pattern, what relationship would you expect to exist between the amplitudes of the reflected laminar signals at 18, positions A and B? a. 124B difference b. equal amplitudes © 2t01 d.3t01 BAST In the far field of a uniform ultrasonic beam, sound intensity is the beam centerline. a. minimum at . maximum at B . maximum throughout twice the angle (sin y=—5—) where Cis acoustic velocity, D is crystal diameter, and fis frequency at 4. not related to orientation of BS2-53, 198; H.2-31 Which of the following may result in a long narrow rod if the beam divergence results ina reflection from, aside of the test piece before the sound wave reaches. the back surface? ‘a, Multiple indications before the first back reflection. ». Indications from multiple surface reflections. €. Conversion from the longitudinal mode to shear mode. 4. Loss of front surface indications. 239 ‘Where does beam divergence occur? 1. near field ». far field . at the crystal 4d. none of the above 1.239 'As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle a. decreases b. remains unchanged c. increases 4d. varies uniformly through each wavelength 4231 Laminar Reflector Plate 26 O 19. As the radius of curvature of a curved lens is. increased, the focal length of the lens: a. increases b. decreases cc. remains the same 4. cannot be determined unless the frequency is known F447 ‘When examining materials for planar flaws oriented Parallel to the part surface, what testing method is ‘mast often used? a. angle beam ». through-transmission ¢. straight beam . dual crystal 1.268 | Ifa contact angle beam transducer produces a 45 degrees shear wave in steel, the angle produced by the same transducer in an aluminum specimen would be: (VS,,.,= 0.323 cm/s; V.,, = 0.310 cm/s) a. Tess than 45 degrees b. greater than 45 degrees c. 45 degrees 4. unknown: more information is required H224 . Rayleigh waves are influenced most by defects Tocated: a. close to or on the surface b. 1 wavelength below the surface ‘c. 3 wavelengths below the surface 4. 6 wavelengths below the surface D.306 }. The ultrasonic testing technique in which finger ‘damping is most effective in locating a discontinuity is the: a. shear wave technique ». longitudinal wave technique c. surface wave technique 4. compressional wave technique F.45.11; H.2-32 Lamb waves can be used to detect: a. laminar-type defects near the surface of a thin 4. thickness changes in heavy plate material Pa5.12 27 In an immersion test of a Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level 11 ‘The ratio of the velocity of sound in water compared to that for aluminum or steel is approximately: Bese H218 |. Which of the following scanning methods could be classified as an immersion type test? ‘a, Tank in which the transducer and test piece are immersed. ’. Squirter bubbler method in which the sound is ‘transmitted in a column of flowing water. c, Scanning with a wheel-type transducer with the transducer inside a liquid filled tire, 4. Allof the above. 1258-259 of steel or aluminum, the water distance appears on the display as a fairly ‘wide space between the initial pulse and the front surface reflection because of: 1. reduced velocity of sound in water as compared to test specimen b. increased velocity of sound in water as compared to test specimen . temperature of the water 4. all of the above H.4-5; 1245 ;. Using the immersion method, a distance amplitude curve (DAC) for a 19 mm (0.75 in.) diameter, S MHz transducer shows the high point of the DAC at the B/S1 mm (2 in.) block. One day later, the high point of the DAC for the same transducer is at the 43/102 mm (4 in.) block. Assuming that calibration hhas not changed, this would indicate that the transducer: a. is improving in resolution b. is becoming defective c. has the beam ofa smaller transducer 4d. both b and e P4413 ‘What law can be used to calculate the angle of refraction within a metal for both longitudinal and shear waves? 4, Poisson's ratio law ». Snell's aw c. Fresnel’s field law Charles’ law 45.10 Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level IT 30. 31. 32. 33. 35. ‘Atan interface between two different materials, an impedance difference results in: 4, reflection of the entire incident energy at the interface ». absorption of sound c. division of sound energy into transmitted and reflected modes 4. none of the above FAS9 ‘When using focused transducers, nonsymmetry in a propagated sound beam may be caused by: ‘a, backing material variations ». lens centering or misalignment . porosity in lenses d. all ofthe above H6-13 Ultrasonic wheel units may be used for which of the following types of examination? a. straight or longitudinal examination ». angle beam or shear wave examination ¢. surface wave or Rayleigh wave examination 4. all of the above HAT During straight beam testing, test specimens with non-parallel front and back surfaces can cause: 4. partial or total loss of back reflection bi. no loss in back reflection c. a widened (broad) back reflection indication 4d. a focused (narrow) back reflection indication 42-37 In the immersion technique, the distance between the face of the transducer and the test surface (water path) is usually adjusted so thatthe time required to send the sound beam through the water: 1. is equal to the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece ». is greater than the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece ¢. is Tess than the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece . none of the above B46 Ina B-scan display, the length of a screen indication from a discontinuity is related to: ‘a, adiscontinuity’s thickness as measured parallel to the ultrasonic beam ». the discontinuity’s length in the direction of the transducer travel . both aand b 4. none of the above B.201; G.358 31. 38, al. Which circuit triggers the pulser and sweep circuits in an A-scan display? a. receiver-amplifier ». power supply y «. clock 4. damping 1242 (On an A-scan display, the “dead zone,” refers to: 1. the distance contained within the nea field the area outside the beam ¢. the distance covered by the front surface pulse width and recovery time 4. the area between the near field and the far field 1267 (On an A-scan display, what represents the intensity of areflected beam? ‘a. echo pulse ’. horizontal screen location c. signal brightness signal amplitude F43.29 Of the following scan types, which one can be used to produce a recording of flaw areas superimposed over plan view of the test piece? Bees > eee 4. D-scan 1242 In immersion testing in a small tank, a manually ‘operated manipulator is used to: a, set the proper water path b. set the proper transducer angle c. set the proper index function 4d. complete both a and b F461 In straight (normal) beam contact testing, a reduction in the back surface reflection amplitude could indicate: 1. inadequate coupling b. a flaw which is not normal to the beam. cc, a near surface defect that cannot be resolved from the main bang (intial pulse) 4. all of the above A341 42, A.152:mm (6 in.) diameter rod is being inspected for centerline cracks. The A-scan presentation for one complete path through the rod is as shown in Figure 2. The alarm gate should: ‘a, be used between points A and E b. be used at point D only Cc. be used between points B and D 4d. not be used for this application 47. H36 43, Inan automatic scanning immersion unit, the bridge or carriage serves to: 8, support the manipulator and scanner tube and to ‘move it about transversely and longitudinally ». control the angular and transverse positioning of the scanner tube ©. control the vertical and angular positioning of the scanner tube 4. raise and lower the transducer 48. H3-12 44, When adjusting the flaw locating rule for a shear ‘wave weld inspection, the zero point on the rule must coincide with the: 1. sound beam exit point of the wedge b. point directly over the flaw . wheel transducer 4. circular scanner 49. HAT 29 4s. Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level It ‘A special scanning device with the transducer ‘mounted in a tire-like container filled with couplant is commonly called: a. arotating scanner b. an axial scanner cc. a wheel transducer 4d. acircular scanner HA ‘Which best describes a typical display of a crack ‘whose major surface is perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam? a. abroad indication . a sharp indication . the indication will not show due to improper orientation 4. abroad indication with high amplitude 4.22 AA primary purpose of a reference standard is: 4. to provide a guide for adjusting instrument controls to reveal discontinuities that are considered harmful to the end use of the product b. to give the technician a tool for determining exact discontinuity size €. to provide assurance that all discontinuities smaller than a certain specified reference reflector are capable of being detected by the test 4. to provide a standard reflector which exactly simulates natural discontinuities ofa critical size 1.262 ‘Compensation forthe variation in echo height related ‘o variations in discontinuity depth in the test material is known as: a. transfer b. attenuation c. distance amplitude correction 4. interpretation 1.265 ‘Which of the following is a reference reflector that is not dependent on beam angle? a. a flat bottom hole b. avee notch c. aside drilled hole which is parallel to the plate ssurface and perpendicular to the sound path 4. a dise-shaped laminar reflector AEG Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level IT 50. st. 2 53, 54, During a straight beam ultrasonic test, a discontinuity indication is detected that is small in amplitude ‘compared to the loss in amplitude of back reflection. ‘The orientation of this discontinuity is probably: 2. parallel to the test surface ’. perpendicular to the sound beam ¢. parallel to the sound beam 4. atan angle tothe test surface 2-40 ‘A discontinuity is located having an orientation such that its long axis is parallel to the sound beam. The indication from such a discontinuity will be: 1. large in proportion to the length of the discontinuity ’. small in proportion tothe length of the discontinuity ¢. representative of the length of the discontinuity 4. such that complete loss of back reflection will result 4.240 Gas discontinuities are reduced to flat discs or other ‘shapes parallel to the surface by: a. rolling . machining c. casting d. welding. 45.22 In which zone does the amplitude of an indication from a given discontinuity diminish exponentially as the distance increases? a. The far field zone. ». The near field zone. c. The dead zone. 4d. The Fresnel zone. H241 A smooth flat discontinuity whose major plane is not perpendicular to the direction of sound propagation may be indicated by: ‘a. an echo amplitude comparable in magnitude to the back surface reflection . a complete loss of back surface reflection c. an echo amplitude larger in magnitude than the back surface reflection 4. all of the above 240 55. 56. 37. 58, 59. Using a pulse echo technique, if the major plane of a flat discontinuity is oriented at some angle other than. perpendicular to the direction of sound propagation, the result may be: 3. loss of signal linearity b. loss or lack of a received discontinuity echo c. focusing of the sound beam 4. loss of interference phenomena 240 As transducer diameter decreases, the beam spread: a. decreases ’. remains the same «. increases: 4. becomes conical in shape H2-30 A set of standard reference blocks with the same ‘geometrical configuration and dimensions other than the size of the calibration reflectors, €.g., flat bottom holes, is called a set of: a. distance amplitude standards 9. area amplitude standards c. variable frequency blocks 4d. beam spread measuring blocks HSS ‘The angle at which 90 degrees refraction of a longitudinal sound wave is reached is called: 1. the angle of incidence b. the first critical angle ¢. the angle of maximum reflection 4. the second critical angle H2-25 ‘The control of voltage supplied to the vertical deflection plates of the instrument display in an ‘A-scan UT setup is performed by the: a, sweep generator b. pulser cc. amplifier circuit 4. clock timer E238 Attenuation isa difficult quantity to measure ‘accurately, particularly in solid materials, atthe test frequencies normally used. The overall result usually ‘observed includes other loss mechanisms which can include: ‘a, beam spread ». couplant mismatch . test piece geometry 4d. all of the above F.43.23 | 61 2 63 64 66. Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level It ‘The vertical linear range of a test instrument may be determined by obtaining ultrasonic responses from: a. aset of distance amplitude reference blocks b. steel balls located at several different water path distances c. a set of area amplitude reference blocks d. all of the above HSS Large grains in a metallic test specimen usually result a. a decrease or loss of back surface reflection b. large “hash” or noise indications Figure 3 cc. a decrease in penetration 4. all ofthe above H4-19 ‘The total energy losses occurring in all materials is called: 1. attenuation b. scatter cc. beam spread 4. interface B377 Delay-tip (stand-off) type contact transducers are primarily used for: a. defect detection b. sound wave characterization ‘thickness measurement or flaw detection in thin materials 4. attenuation measurements 1.258 Acoustical lenses are commonly used for contour correction. When scanning the inside of a pipe section by the immersion method, use a: 1, focused cup lens . convex lens . concave lens d. variable pitch lens F449 In Figure 3, transducer A is being used to establish a. verification of wedge angle b. sensitivity calibration ©. resolution 4. an index point 1.266 31 67. In Figure 3, transducer C is being used to check: a. distance calibration 1.267 68. In Figure 3, transducer D is being used to check: a. sensitivity calibration b. distance calibration «. resolution 4. verification of wedge angle 1.266 69. When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave generated within the part will be: 1, longitudinal b. shear . surface . Lamb 2-23 70. In Figure 4, transducer B is being used to check: a. the verification of wedge angle b. resolution . sensitivity calibration d. distance calibration 1.266 71, The angle at which 90 degrees refraction of the shear ‘wave mode occurs is called the: 2. first critical angle b. second critical angle . third critical angle 4. angle of reflection H225 Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level IT Figure 4 18. 16. RB. 1. Ina water immersion test, ultrasonic energy is ‘transmitted into steel at an incident angle of 14 degrees. What is the angle of the refracted shear ‘wave within the material? V,=3.2% 10° emis Vy = 15x 105 em/s (Trigonometry Tables Required) a. 45 degrees b. 23 degrees c. 31 degrees 4. 13 degrees 224 Ifyou were requested to design a plastic shoe 10 ‘generate a Rayleigh wave in aluminum, what would be the incident angle ofthe ultrasonic energy? V,=3:1% 10 emis Vi =2.6 x 10° cm/s (Trigonometry Tables Required) a. 37 degrees. b. 57 degrees. ©. 75 degrees 4d. 48 degrees, 224 ‘Compute the wavelength of ultrasonic energy in lead at | MHz. V,=2:1 10% emis V=AxF a. 0.21em b. 21em ©. 0.48 cm 48x 10% em H25 n. 8. 32 For aluminum and steel, the longitudinal velocity is approximately the shear velocity. a. equal to b. twice c. half of, 4. four times H2-22 ‘Water travel distance for immersion inspections should be: a. such that the second front reflection does not appear between the first front and back reflections b, exactly 76 mm (3 in.) c. less than 76 mm (3 in.) 4. always equal to the thickness of the material being. inspected 46.10 ‘The electronic circuitry that allows selection and processing of only those signals relating to discontinuities that occur in specific zones of a part is called: ‘an electronic gate ‘an electronic attenuator a distance amplitude correction circuit fixed marker H3-6 ‘When conducting a contact ultrasonic test, the “hash” ot irregular signals that appear in the CRT display of the area being inspected could be caused by: 1. fine grains in the structure b. dirt in the water couplant cc. coarse grains in the structure 4d. a thick but tapered back surface 48.30 In inspecting a 102 mm (4 in.) diameter threaded stect cylinder for radial cracks extending from the root of the threads, it would be preferable to transmit: 1. shear waves at an angle to the threads b. Tongitudinal waves from the end of the cylinder and perpendicular to the direction of the thread roots «. surface waves perpendicular to the thread roots 4d. shear waves around the circumference of the cylinder D347 WU 81 82, 83, 84, ). In an immersion inspection of raw material, the water 86. travel distance should be: a. exactly 76 mm (3 in.) b. equal to 76 mm (3 in.) £13 mm (40.5 in.) . equal to the water travel distance used in setting up (on the reference standards 4. equal to the thickness of a material F.46.26 ‘The angle formed by an ultrasonic wave as itenters a 87. ‘medium of different velocity than the one from which it came and a line drawn perpendicular to the interface between the two media is called the angle of: a. incidence b. refraction 88. c. rarefaction 4d. reflection 221 ‘The process of adjusting an instrument or device to a reference standard is referred to as: a. angulation ». scanning 89. . correcting for distance amplitude variations d. calibration HS3 ‘An electron tube in which a beam of electrons from the cathode is used to reproduce an image on a . Spherical lens curvatures. ©. Convex shapes. . Concave shapes. 1.259 166. In the basic pulse echo instrument, the synchronizer, clock, or timer circuit determines the: a. pulse length b. gain c. pulse repetition rate . sweep length 1.170 167. The primary requirement of a paintbrush transducer is, that: a. all crystals be mounted equidistant from each other b. the intensity of the beam pattern not vary greatly ver the entire length of the transducer c. the fundamental frequency of the crystals not vary more than 0.01% 4. the overall length not exceed 76 mm (3 in.) 1.258 Oo 168, Heat conduction, viscous friction, elastic hysteresis, and scattering are four different mechanisms which Tead to: ‘a. attenuation b. refraction c. beam spreading 4. saturation 1.238 169, Because the velocity of sound in aluminum is approximately 245 000 inJs, for sound to travel through 25 mm (1 in.) of aluminum, it takes: ales b.4ys ©. 4ms 4x 10's 1.163, 233 1 Yt apap nti i Migrants ) ‘a, allower frequency transducer and a more viscous ‘couplant than is used on parts with a smooth surface ». ahigher frequency transducer and a more viscous ‘couplant than is used on parts with a smooth surface c. ahigher frequency transducer and a less viscous ccouplant than is used on parts with a smooth surface 4. a lower frequency transducer and a less viscous ccouplant than is used on parts with a smooth surface 3.22 Reflection indications from a weld area being inspected by the angle beam technique may represent: 171. a. porosity ». cracks cc. weld bead 4d. all of the above 44-35 172. During a test using A-scan equipment, strong, indications that move at varying rates across the screen in the horizontal direction appear. It is impossible to repeat a particular screen pattern by scanning the same area. A possible cause of these indications is: a. porosity in the test part b. an imegularly shaped crack ©. ablow hole 4. electrical interference 1.246 173, In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal line formed by the uniform and repeated movement of an electron beam across the fluorescent screen of a cathode ray tube is called: a, a square wave pattern b. a sweep line cc. amarker pattern d. none of the above HZ 174. The greatest amount of attenuation losses take place Hatz 175. Waves that travel around gradual curves with litte or no reflection from the curve are called: a, transverse waves b. surface waves c. shear waves 4. longitudinal waves W218, 2-28 176, To evaluate and accurately locate discontinuities after scanning a part with a paintbrush transducer, iis ‘generally necessary t0 use a! a, transducer with a smaller crystal ». scrubber ce. grid map. 4. crystal collimator HBAS 41 Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level IT 177. An ultrasonic instrument has been calibrated to obtain 451 mm (2 in.) indication from a 2 mm (0.08 in.) diameter flat bottom hole located 76 mm (3 in.) from the front surface of an aluminum reference block. ‘When testing an aluminum forging, a 51 mm (2 in.) indication is obtained from a discontinuity located 76 mm (3 in.) from the entry surface. The cross sectional area of this discontinuity is probably: a, the same as the area of the 2 mm (0,08 in.) flat bottom hole ». greater than the area of the 2 mm (0.08 in.) flat bottom hole c. slightly less than the area of the 2 mm (0.08 in.) flat bottom hole 4. about "2 the area of the 2 mm (0,08 in.) flat bottom hole 1.262 178. As the impedance ratio of two dissimilar materials increases, the percentage of sound coupled through an interface of such materials: a, decreases b. increases . is not changed 4. may increase or decrease 1.234 179. Low frequency sound waves are not generally used to test thin materials because of: a. the rapid attenuation of low frequency sound b. incompatible wavelengths . poor near-surface resolution 4 none of the above will actually limit such a test 1.234 180. When using two separate transducers (one a transmitter, the other a receiver), the most efficient ‘combination would be a: 4, quartz transmitter and a barium titanate receiver b. barium titanate transmitter and a lithium sulfate ¢. lithium sulfate transmitter and a barium titanate 4. barium titanate transmitter and a quartz receiver 1287 181. In immersion testing, the accessory equipment 10 which the search cable and the transducer are attached is called a a, crystal collimator ». scrubber c. jet-stream unit 4d. search tube or scanning tube H312 Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level IT 182. In general, discontinuities in wrought products tend to be oriented: randomly >. in the direction of grain flow at right angles to the entry surface J. at right angles tothe grain flow 737 183. In immersion testing, irelevant or false indications caused by contoured surfaces are likely to result in a: broad-based indication 3. peaked indication “hashy” signal narrow-based indication pege H424 184, In contact testing, defects near the entry surface cannot always be detected because of: a. the far-field effect ». attenuation c. the dead zone 4. refraction F.43.31; H4-20 185, In cases where the diameter of tubing being inspected is smaller than the diameter of the transducer, what ccan be used to confine the sound beam to the proper range of angles? a. ascrubber b. acollimator cc. an angle plane angulator 4. ajet-stream unit FAT32 186. The maximum scanning speed possible is primarily determined by: the frequency of the transducer . viscous drag problems . the pulse repetition rate of the test instrument . the persistency of the ultrasonic instrument display F485 187. The property of certain materials to transform electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice versa is called: a, mode conversion b. piezoelectric effect ©. refraction 4. impedance matching B.66-69; D.117-124; H.2-7 a2 188. Surface waves are reduced to an energy level of approximately 12s ofthe original power at a depth of: a, 25 mm (1 in.) b. 102 mm (4 in.) c. 1 wavelength d. 4 wavelengths H2-32 189, To prevent the appearance of the second front surface indication before the first back reflection when inspecting aluminum by the immersion method (water is used as a couplan}, itis necessary to have a minimum of atleast 25 mm (1 in.) of water for every: ) of aluminum », in.) of aluminum c. 152 mm (6 in,) of aluminum 4d. 203 mm (8 in,) of aluminum HAs 190. Increasing the length of the pulse used to activate the transducer will: a. increase the strength of the ultrasound but decrease the resolving power of the instrument ». increase the resolving power of the instrument c. have no effect on the test d. decrease the penetration of the sound wave 3-13, 4-20 191. The lack of parallelism between the entry surface and the back surface: 1, may result in a screen pattern that does not contain back reflection indications b. makes it difficult to locate discontinuities that lie parallel to the entry surface . usually indicates that a porous condition exists in the metal 4d. decreases the penetrating power of the test 8237 192. A discontinuity with a concave surface will: a. diffuse the sound energy throughout the part ». cause the reflected beam to focus at a point determined by the curvature of the discontinuity c. cause mode reinforcement of the ultrasonic wave 4. cause none of the above 45.24 193. Rayleigh waves: a. are generated at the first critical angle b. are generated at the second critical angle ©. are generated at either critical angle 4. travel only in aliquid ¢. are another name for Lamb waves 1233-234 194, Angle beam testing of plate will often miss: 1, cracks that are perpendicular to the sound wave b. inclusions that are randomly oriented . laminations that are parallel to the front surface d. aseries of small discontinuities E262 195. Reducing the extent of the dead zone ofa transducer by using a delay tip results in: 1, improved distance amplitude correction in the near field b. reduced frequency of the primary ultrasonic beam . reduced ability to detect flaws in the near field d, improved accuracy in thickness measurement of thin plate and sheet «none of the above 1.258 196, Ina plate, skip distance can be calculated from which ofthe following formulas where (r= plate thickness, x1x-sin® xrxtan @ 1.266 197. The technique of examining an ultrasonic reflector from different directions might be used to enable the technician to: 4. distinguish between different types of flaws ». predict the useful service life of the test specimen ¢. distinguish between flaw indications and spurious of false indications 4. all of the above €e. none of the above 1247 198. The principal applications of ultrasonic techniques consist of: flaw detection b. thickness measurements ¢, determination of elastic moduli 4. all ofthe above €. none of the above F432 199. 200, 201. 202. 203, Ultrasonic Testing Method, Level I Attenuation isthe loss of the ultrasonic wave energy

    You might also like