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3. Photons
Xrays and gamma rays are both
electromagnetic waves
The gamma ray (inside nucleus) have energy
more than X-ray (atomic processes) energy
The photons lose energy to electrons that in turn
cause ionization
Photons have a long range in matter
Photons transfer energy to electrons by three
processes :
Photoelectric effect (E < 0.1 Mev)
Compton scattering (E = 1 Mev)
Electron positron pair (E = 2mec2=1.02
Mev)
4. Neutrons
o Neutrons are uncharged and produce ionization
only indirectly
o They have a very long range in matter
A. Source activity
Is the disintegration rate of a radioactive material or
the rate of decrease in the number of radioactive
nuclei present
The unit (curies)
1 Ci = 3.7x1010 disintegration per second
1g-radium has 1Ci
The S.I unit is (Bq)
A = ln2 *n *NA / T n: moles , NA : Avogadros number
Solve Ex 31.2 P 784
Q31.14 P798
Radiation in medicine
1) X rays
2) Gamma- ray Imaging
3) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
4) Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
5) Therapy