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BI 1
CU TO, NGUYN L HOT NG CA BM LY TM
I.
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II.
Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca bm ly tm
1. Cu to
Bm ly tm gm hai phn chnh l bm v ng c. ng c chnh l phn cung
cp nng lng lm quay bm, ng c chnh c th l motor in, ng c t
trong hay tourbine hi nc... . Trong phn cu to ny chng ta ch cp n phn
my bm.
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Hp lm kn (parking box):
Mc ch ca hp lm kn l ngn r r qua khe h gia trc v v bm. Cc vng
lm kn c t trong hp v sit np hp lm kn, cc vng lm kn b p v gin n
b ngang lm cho cht lng khng r r ra c. Cc vng lm kn thng c lm
bng vt liu khng b cht lng ang bm phn hu ho tan v c tnh mi mn, ma
st thp khng gy h hng trc. Hu ht cc bm u c ng lt bo v trc,
mt s trng hp c th cho php r r qua cc vng lm kn bi trn nhng vi
mc nh. Tuy nhin, nu trong trng hp khng cho php r r th c th phi
cung cp du bi trn bi trn cho cc vng chn.
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m c hc:
m c hc c minh ho nh hnh v di y : vng nn, vng m quay v vng
O u quay theo trc. Nh l xo p ln vng nn lin tc lm cho vng O lun gi kn
c khong cch h xung quanh trc. Cn r r xung quanh cc vng ny th c
gi kn bng mt tip xc gia vng m quay v vng m tnh. Hai vng ny c mt
tip xc rt nhn khng cho r r ra ngoi.
Vng O thng c ch to bng cao su
hoc mt vt liu khc ph hp vi cht
lng ang bm. Vng m quay c ch
to bng kim loi cng v vng m tnh
c ch to bng carbon. Trong qu trnh
hot ng, cc im tip xc c th nng.
Du bi trn c cho chy qua y, ngoi
chc nng bi trn, lm ngui cn lm sch
nhng cht c th to ra do mi mn. Trong
thc t ngi ta c th lp t hai b vng
m kiu ny nh minh ho hnh v di
y.
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Vng bi
Khi bm ang vn hnh, trc ca bm c khuynh hng chuyn ng: chuyn ng
theo trc (gi l lc hng trc) v chuyn ng theo bn knh (gi l lc hng tm).
Vng bi s c thit k gim ma st cho chuyn ng ca trc v gim s
chuyn ng ny.
Vng bi chng chuyn ng ngang c m t trn hnh v di y :
2. Nguyn l hot ng
Bm ly tm hot ng trn nguyn l ca lc ly tm.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca bm c minh ho trong s sau:
Nng lng c truyn t mt ngun nng lng bn ngoi c truyn qua trc A
v lm quay cnh qut B nm trong v bm C. Cnh qut B quay to ra s gim p ti
u vo ca cnh qut. Do vy cht lng b ht vo bung ht thng qua ming ht D
v cnh qut y cht lng i ra xa tm. Trong giai on ny cht lng c truyn
nng lng v tng tc . Khng gian xung quanh cnh qut gi l rnh v rnh c
hnh xon c v c tit din tng dn.
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P = 5 atg
d = 0,5
d = 0,5
h=3m
Trong hai hnh trn, chiu cao thc ct cht lng u l ba mt, nhng trong khi nim
va hc th chiu cao ct cht lng trong hnh a l:
h 3
5
103
(0,1 0,5)
Chiu cao ht: l chiu cao ca ct cht lng ang bm c quy ra t p sut
ti ming ht
Chiu cao tng: l chiu cao ca ct cht lng ang bm c quy t p sut
chnh lch gia ming ht v ming y.
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Trong hnh v trn, gi s chng ta tng lu lng dng cht lng qua bm th ma st
gia dng chy v thnh ng tng, dn n gim p pha trc bm tng. Nh trn
hnh v cho ta thy, p sut trc bm do p sut trn b mt cht lng v p sut ct
cht lng gy ra, n khng th tng c, v vy gim p tng lm cho p sut ti
ming ht gim. Do , nu tng lu lng p sut qu ln c th gy bay hi trong
bm (do p sut thp)
C th p sut thu tnh do ct cht lng gy ra l:
0,433100,5=2,16 psig
Do , p sut o c ch 31,16 psig
6. ng c tnh ca bm ly tm
Mi bm c mt ng c tnh ring ca n. Trn th ph lc 1 l cc th ca
mt bm. V d bm 200 GPM, o trn th ta c: NPSH ti thiu l 3,8 feet, hiu
sut t 65%, cng sut 4,2 m lc (HP), chiu cao tng l 55 feet.
Lu rng mi th ny c xy dng ng vi mt cht lng mt iu kin c
th, nu khi mt trong cc tnh cht ca cht lng ny thay i, chng hn nh nht,
th ng cong ny s thay i.
Nhn vo th ny chng ta rt ra c mt s quy lut ca bm li tm nh sau:
-
Khi lu lng dng chy tng th chiu cao ht thc i hi cng tng.
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IV. Ghp bm ly tm
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Cc cnh qut c gn chung trn cng mt trc, cht lng sau khi i qua cnh qut
th nht th n cnh qut th hai v nh th cho n khi i n cnh qut cui cng
v i ra ng y.
Trong thc t c trng hp phi ghp nhiu bm lm vic trong cng mt h thng,
khi trong h thng c yu cu ct p hoc lu lng ln hn ct p hoc lu lng ca
mt bm. C hai cch ghp sau y :
1. Ghp song song :
Ghp song song dng trong trng hp h thng c yu cu lu lng ln hn lu
lng ca mt bm. Hnh sau th hin s ghp song song hai bm (thc t c th
ghp song song nhiu bm).
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Ghp ni tip
Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = .. = Qi
Ct p lm vic ca h thng c ghp ni tip bm khi Q = const bng tng ct p ca
cc bm ghp :
H = H1 + H 2 + .. + Hi
Khi ghp hai bm ni tip lin nhau cn ch l bm pha sau (bm 2) phi lm vic
vi p sut cao hn bm trc (bm 1) V vy bm 2 nu khng sc bn th s
nhanh chng b hng. Do phi chn trn ng ng y ca bm 1 im no c p
sut khng gy nguy him cho bm 2 ghp.
Ch : Vic ghp ni tip bm trong h thng tng i phc tp, khng thun tin
v kinh t bng chn mt bm khc c ct p yu cu lm vic trong h thng.
V. im lm vic v phng php iu chnh bm ly tm
1. im lm vic
Bm bao gi cng lm vic trong mt h thng c th no y. Khi bm lm vic n
nh th ct p y ca bm bng ct p cn ca h thng. Hay ni mt cch khc ch
lm vic ca bm trong mt h thng c th biu din bng giao im ca hai
ng c tnh (ca bm v ca h thng) trong cng mt h to . Giao in y gi
l im lm vic ca h thng bm. Trn hnh sau im A l giao im ca hai ng
c tnh ca bm v ca h thng biu th mt ch lm vic ca h thng bm vi
ct p HA v lu lng Q A .
1 : ng c tnh ca bm.
2 : ng c tnh ca h thng (gi l c tnh li)
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Bi 2
VN HNH V BO DNG BM LY TM
I. Vn hnh
Trc khi vn hnh bm ly tm th phi tin hnh kim tra tng qut ton b bm, k
c cc ng c dn ng bm :
- i vi bm th trc tin phi kim ton b bn ngoi t hp bm, xem c vt l
hoc vng mc g khng, kim tra tnh trng lp t bm, v tr cc mi ghp ni,
kim tra cc b lm kn u trc bm, sau ta tin hnh kim tra cc ng h o
ca bm nh : cc thit b v ng h o p sut, o chn khng, o lu lng, o
p lc v kim tra s r r ca bm. Xit li cc bulng lin kt mt bch v chn
bm. Khc phc tt c cc r r ca bm
- i vi ng c dn ng phi kim tra cc mi ni, kim tra s chuyn ng nh
nhng ca ng c (bng cch quay trc ca ng c mt s vng xem c hin
tng b kt khng). Kim tra cc u ni in nu ng c dn ng l mt in.
- i vi ng ng phi kim tra cc bch ni ng, cc van trn ng ng. c bit
cc ch ghp ni trn ng ht v ng y phi m bo kn, nht l trn ng ht.
Nu ng ht b h th khi bm lm vic khng kh s lt vo bm v lm mt kh
nng ht ca bm.
- Sau khi kim tra xong v khng nh l h thng bm khng c s c th ta tin
hnh vn hnh bm.
- V bm ly tm khng c tnh t ht cho nn trc khi khi ng bm th ta tin
hnh mi bm. Sau y l mt s phng php thng dng mi bm ly tm.
1.
Mi bm :
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c. Lp t van mt chiu ng ht
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Van mt chiu ny c tc dng ngn khng cho cht lng quay tr v bn cha khi
bm ngng hot ng. Khi bm s c mi khi n khi ng li. Mt s bm c
kh nng t mi bm khi khi ng nh thit b ht chn khng trong bm khi bm
khi ng. Khi thng c mt s qui trnh khc phi tun theo khi vn hnh bm.
Nu khng tun theo qui trnh c th l nguyn nhn dn n ph hoi bm.
2.
Khi ng
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Ngng hot ng
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Tho, kim tra v thay th cc bi trc, v sinh sch b mt trong ca thn bm,
cc cnh bm. Kim tra khe h gia cnh bm vi v bm, kim tra phng ca mt
bch bm, kim tra mn ca trc bm, kim tra r ca cc then lp rp .c
bit ti ca ht v ca thot ca bm phi c v sinh sch s.
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BI 3
NHNG H HNG TRONG BM LY TM V
BIN PHP KHC PHC
1.
Nguyn nhn
Bm khng c lu lng
a.
Nguyn nhn
Khc phc
Nh phn trn.
3.
Nguyn nhn
Khc phc
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Hp lm kn b r qu nhiu
a.
Nguyn nhn
Khc phc
Kim tra hiu chnh khp ni 2 trc, sa cha hoc thay trc mi, xit cht np hp
lm kn ti v tr ph hp v xit u; kim tra s h hng ca trc; khi cn thit phi
thay trc hoc ng bao mi; thay vng lm kn mi.
5.
Nguyn nhn
Khc phc
Kim tra khp ni gia 2 trc v iu chnh cho chnh xc; iu chnh li cc b phn
chuyn ng khng b c xt vo v; ni np hp lm kn ti v tr thch hp v p
np hp cho u.
* Ch
Khi bm b tiu hao cng sut qu ln, bm thng b chn ng, mt vi b phn
nng qu mc cho php; c ting khua g trong bm, hoc hp lm kn b nng qu
mc.
6.
Nguyn nhn
Khc phc
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8.
Hin tng khi ng li bm nhng nng sut vn mc bnh thng
C th l do mt s nguyn nhn sau :
- S tc nghn c th vn tn ti trong ng ng ht hay ng ng y.
- Nu m t in u dy khng ng, cnh bm c th quay sai chiu. Tr khi ng
c mi bm cng c kim tra v sa cha, n mi c th gii thot c s
thiu nng lng cho bm.
9.
Bm lin tc b mt ng ht
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Bi 4
C IM KHAI THC CA BM LY TM
Ngoi nhng vn quan trng c bn trong khai thc bm ly tm l s iu chnh
ph hp c tnh lm vic ca bm vi c tnh ca h thng ng ng, m bo ch
lm vic n nh ca bm v s vng quay, ct p, lu lng, hiu sut, cng sut
c ch, theo di s lm vic ca bm xem c hin tng khc thng g khng
Trong khai thc bm ly tm cn phi kim tra xem xt cc trng hp xy ra hin
tng xm thc, s mt n nh ca bm . l cc yu cu cn b sung bo m
s lm vic bnh thng ca bm
1.
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