1

Mc ch th nghim:
Sau bi hc ny ngi hc iu ch v xc nh nhit nng chy ca axetanilit

C s l thuyt:

nh ngha
O

H
N

NH3
O

+ HCl +
H3C

CH3

CH3COONa

+ CH3COOH + NaCl

CH2

Phn ng axyl ha l qu
trnh thay H trong mt hp cht hu c bng mt nhm axyl (R-C=O)

Phn loi phn ng

Ty thuc nhm axyl thay th H lin kt OH, -NH, -SH, hoc CH m ngi ta gi theo
cc cch sau:

O- axyl: nhm axyl thay th H trong lin kt OH ca ru hoc phenol v sn phm

thng l cc este.

N- axyl: nhm axyl thay th H ca amin -NH, -

NH 2

hoc ammoniac, sn phm cu cc

phn ng l amit.

C- axyl ha: nhm axyl thay th H trong lin kt C-H nhng hp cht hu c c H linh
ng. Sn phm thng l nhng hp cht c mch C di thm cha nhm C=O.

Xc tc
Xc tc cho qu trnh axyl c th l bazo hay acid i vi vic axyl ha ru hoc -NH amin bng
cc qu trnh axyl ha halogennua acid hoc angydrit axetic th xc tc l cc cht mang tnh bazo
nh cc amin bc 3 ( trimetyl amin , pyridine, quinolin, ) vi nhng trng hp c th dng
carbonnat kim hoc kim, cn trng hp axyl ha OH ru bng tc nhn l acid (phn ng este)
th xc tacx1 l acid sulfuric

Dung mi

Dung mi thng dng cho cc phn ng l bn than tc cht tham gia phn ng ( l cc ru hoc
amin) hoc chnh bn than tc nhn axyl . trong trng hp cht tham gia phn ng khng ta tan
c tc nhn axyl th tin hnh trong dung mi tr no thong thng l bezen, toluene
5

Nhit v phm vi s dng

Qu trnh axyl thng l phn ng ta nhit t ty tng phn ng m c th dao ng t 5
nhit si ca dung mi
Phn ng axyl dng tng hp : este , amit , xeto

3 Thc hnh:
1

Dng c v ha cht

- 01 bnh cu nhm 250mL

- 01 b lc p sut km

- 01 a thy tinh

- 01 ng ong
- 01 sinh hn bng

- 04 t giy lc

- 02 becher 100mL

- 01 bp in

- 01 ni cch thy

- 2-Naphtol

- Ru metilic tinh khit

- NaOH 10%

- Cn cng nghip

- H2SO4 98%
2

Cch tin hnh

Theo quy trnh mi gio vin b mn hng dn

Cho 150mL nc vo cc 500mL, thm vo 8,5mL acid HCl .
Va lc va cho thm tip vo 9mL anilin un nng dd n 50

sau gia nhit (49-51

)
Thm vo 15mL anhydit axetic v khuy u cho n khi tan ht
Ha tan 15g CH3COOH trong 50mL nc trong mt cc khc . 2 dung dch vo nhau khuy mnh
ri cho vo lm lnh cho n khi acetanilit tch ra khi dung dch
em i lc trn phu lc p sut thp, thu phn cht rn , cn v tnh hiu sut
3

Nguyn liu

Khi lng
CH3COOH
15g
4 Kt qu v bn lun:

V1
Th tch Anilin
9mL

V2
Th tch HCl
8,5mL

V3
Th tch anhydit axetic
15mL

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5 Tr li cu hi:
5.1. S khi qu trnh tng hp actalnilit?

5.2. C ch phn ng anilin vi anhydrit tacetic, c ch phn ng trn l c ch g?

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5.3. Cc mi c trng:

K hiu

S sng (cm-1)

Mi hp thu

Ghi ch

A
B
C
D
E
6
-

Ti liu tham kho

Gio trnh thc hnh ha hu c Trng H Cng Nghip TP.HCM
Ha hu c (TS. Phan Thanh Sn Nam) Nh xut bn i Hc Quc Gia TP.HCM