Appendix H-Formula Sheet

X
i 1

S
2

i 1

n -1
n

cov (X , Y)
r
SX SY

(Xi X) 2

cov (X , Y)

(X
i 1

X
i 1

X)(Yi Y)

SX

n 1

(X

Confidence Interval for (Large Sample) is given by

X Z/2

Confidence Interval for (Small Sample) is given by

X t / 2

Confidence Interval for Population Proportion is given by

Hypothesis Test Large Sample (univariate )

ZSTAT

Z STAT

pP
P(1 P)
n

p Z/2

t STAT

i 1

i 1

) 2

X) 2
SY

n 1

n
S
n

(Y Y)
i 1

n 1

p(1 p)
n

Hypothesis Test Small Sample (univariate)

Hypothesis Test Proportion(Univariate)

(X

X
S
n

Two Independent Population t Test

X X
1

1 1
S
n1 n 2
2
p

19

where

2
p

2
2

n1 1S1 n 2 1S2

(n1 1) (n 2 1)

Paired t Test

t STAT

ANOVA (one Way)

D D
SD
n

TSS TRSS ESS

c

nj

TSS ( X ij X ) 2
j 1 i 1
c

TRSS n j ( X j X )

Where
TSS = Total Sum of
Squares
TRSS =Treatment Sum
of Squares

j 1

ESS = Error Sum of

Squares
Two Way ANOVA

Total Sum of Squares (TSS) =

(X

ij

X )2

Column Sum of Squares (CSS) = n ( X j X ) 2

Row Sum of Squares(RSS)

= m ( Xi X ) 2

Error Sum of Squares (ESS) = Total Sum of Squares - Column Sum of Squares-Row Sum of
Squares

2
STAT

(O E ) 2

E
all cells

Linear Regression

Y na b X
YX a X b X

Where a =intercept based on the sample data and b is the slope based on the sample data
Total Sum of Squares(TSS) = Regression Sum of Squares(RSS)+ Error Sum of Squares(ESS)
TSS=

(Y Y)

RSS= (Y Y) 2 ,

)2
ESS= (Y Y

Please note that error is also called residual

R2 =RSS/TSS
Adjusted R Square also called R Bar Square =

n 1
1 (1 R 2 )

n k 1

20