@MAA ‘American Mathematics Competitions 13° Annual AMC 10 A American Mathematics Contest 10 A Tuesday, February 7, 2012 INSTRUCTIONS 1. DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOUR PROCTOR TELLS YOU. 2. This is a twenty-five question multiple choice test. Fach question is followed by answers marked A, B, C, Dand E, Only one of thse is correct. 3, Mark your answer to each problem on the AMC 10 Answer Form with a #2 pencil. Check the blackened circles for accuracy and erase errors and stay matks completely: Only answers properly marked on the answer form wil be graded 4. SCORING: You will recive 6 points for each correct answer, 1.5 points for each problem left unanswered, and O points for exch incorrect answe 5. No ids are permitted other than scratch paper graph paper, ules, compass, protractor, and erasers. No calculators ate allowed. No problems on he ces will reguire the use ofa calculator. 6, Figuees are not necessarily drawn to scale. 7. Before beginning the test, your proctor will ask you to record certain information con the answer form. 8, When your proctor gives the signal, begin working on the problems. You will hhave 75 minutes co complete the test. 9. When you finish the exam, sign your name in the space provided on the Answer Form. The Commie onthe American Mathemascs Compaiions(CAMC) reserves the ight w =-xaminestudens efor decig eer grant fli tata ot scere The CAM alors height aga Alcove foo school fit deerme thatthe ued ecuiy procedures wee not lowed. Srudens who sore 120 or above or finish in she rop 2.586 on cis AMC 10 willbe ivied to rake the 30" annual American Inoitaional Mathematics Examination (AIME) on Trey March 15, 2012 of Wednesday, March 28, 2012. More details about the AIME and other information are ov ‘he back page of th tt ool “The publication, eepeeducion or communication ofthe problems or sluts of the AMC 10 ding dhe vid when denis rece wo patlpae sous) jeapardas the ney of te sul, Dissemination caper sclpong cal, Weld Wide Web or moda of any sype dag the pein 4 vtcon ofthe formpaion rule Afr the cones pried, pemision wo make copes of problems ip paper or eleccone Including pasting on web popes or ecacional se grated thou fe provided that copls are not mae ot dlabted fox prof or eamrcladvaneage nd tht copie be the opie notes. (© 2012 Muheraia Auction of Ames2012 AMCIOA Problems 2 1. Cagney can frost @ cupcake every 20 seconds and Lacey can frost a cupcake ‘every 30 seconds. Working together, how many cupcakes can they frost in 5 minutes? (A)10 (B)15 (C)2%_— (D)%_—(B) 30 2. A square with side length & is cut in half, creating two congruent rectangles, What are the dimensions of one of these rectangles? (A) 2by4 (B)2by6 (C)2by8 =D) 4byd = (E) A by 8 3. A bug crawls elong a number line, starting at —2. Te crawls to ~6, then turns ‘around and crawls to §. How many units does the bug crawl altogether? Mo Bu ©w Ou ws 4. Let ZABC = 24° and ZABD = 20°. What is the smallest possible degree measure for CBD? (jo @)2 (4 M6 HL 5, Last yoar 100 adult cats, half of whom were female, were brought into the ‘Smallville Animal Shelter. Half of the adult female cats were accompanied by 3 litter of kittens. The average number of kittens per litter was 4. What was the total number of cats and kittens received by the shelter last yeat? (A) 150. (B) 200 (©) 250 (D) 300. (B) 400 6, The product of two positive numbers is 9, he reciprocal of one of these numbers is 4 times the reciprocal of the other number. What is the sum of the two numbers? wo? @2 © MF ws 7. Inabagof marbles, $ ofthe marble are blue and the rest are rd. If the number of red marbles is doubled and the number of blue marble stays the same, what fraction ofthe marbles wil be red? mw? @$ of wm? wi2012 AMOIA Problems a 8, The sums of three whole numbers taken in pairs are 12, 17, and 19. What is the middle number? (4 (BS (C)6 =—(D)T HS 9. A pair of six-sided fair dice are labeled so that one die has only even numbers (two each of 2, 4, and 6), and the other die has only odd mumbers (two each of 1,3, and 5). The pair of dice is rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on the tops of the two dice is 77 1 (we @E ©i MF BM} 10, Mary divides a cizele into 12 sectors. The céntral angles of these sectors, mene sured in degrees, are all integers and they form an arithmetic sequence, What Is the degree measure of the smallest possible sector angle? As @®s6 (js Mw WL 11, Externally tangent circles with centers at points A and B have radii of lengths 5 ‘and 3, respectively, A line externally tangent to both circles intersects ray AB at point C. What is BC? (4 4s (C)102 (D)W (4d 12. A year is a leap year if and only if the year number is divisible by 400 (such as 2000) or is divisible by 4 but not by 100 (such as 2012). The 200th anniversary of the bizth of novelist Charles Dickens was celebrated on Febtuaty 7, 2012, a ‘Tuesday. On what day of the week was Dickens born? (A) Friday (B) Saturday (C) Sunday (D) Monday () Tuesday 13, An sterative average of the numbers 1, 2, 8, 4, and § is computed in the following way, Arrange the five numbers in some order. Find the mean of the first two rmumbers, then find the mean of that with the third number, then the mean of that with the fourth number, and finally the mean of that with the fifth number. ‘What is the difference between the largest and smallest possible values that can bbe obtained using this procedure? 6 woe @2 @F M8 OF2012 AMCIOA Problems 4 14. Chubby makes nonstandard checkerboards thet have 31 squares on each side. ‘The checkerboards have a black square in every comer and altemate red and black squares along every row and column. How many black squares are there ‘on such a checkerboard? (A) 480° (B) 481 (C492 (D) 489) ast 15, Three unit squares and two line segments connecting two pairs of vertices are shown. What is the area of ABC? A B 1 2 1 v2 Oe ©; OF OF 16. Three runners start running simultanoously from the same point on a 500-meter circular track. They each run clockwise around the course maintaining constant speeds of 44, 4.8, and 5.0 meters per second, The runners stop once they are all together again somewhere on the eitcular course, How many seconds do the (A) 1,000 (B) 1250 (©) 2,800 (D) 5,000 (B) 10,000 17 Leta and b be relatively prime integers with a > B> O and gfe = Wf. What isa=o? (AL (B)2 (C)3D) 4 HY.2012 AMCI0A Problems 5 1, ‘The cloged curve inthe figure is made up of 9 congruent eineular axes each of length %, where each of the oenters of the corresponding circle is among the vertices ofa rogular hexagon of side 2. What is the area enclosed by the curve? (A) 2r+6 (B)2e+4vB (OC) Br +4 (D) ae + 3V9-42 (E) 3 + 6V3 19. Paula the painter and her two helpers each paint at constant, but different, rates, “They always start at 8:00 ani, and all three always take the seme amount of tiie to eat Junch. On Monday the three of them painted 50% of a house, quitting at 4:00PM. On Tuesday, when Paula wasn’t there, the two helpers painted only. 24% of the house and quit at 2:12PM. On Wednesday Peula worked by herself fand finished the house by working until 7-12P3. How long, in minutes, was ‘each day’s lunch break? As» se ©@2 8 Ho 20, AS x8 square is partitioned into 9 unit squares. Each unit square is painted either white or black with each color being equally likely, chosen independently ‘and at random. The square is then rotated 90° clockwise about its center, and ‘every white square in # position formerly occupied by a black squate is painted black. The colors ofall other squares are left unchanged. What is the probability ‘that the grid is now entirely black? aos of of o% 3% 21, Let points A = (0,0, 0), B= (1,0,0), C= (0,2,0), and D = (0,0,3). Points £, F, G, and H ate midpoints of line segments BD, AB, AC, and DC respectively. What is the area of EPGH? wow o% © ow ot2012 AMCIOA Problems 6 22, The sum of the first m positive odd integers is 212 more than the sum of the first n positive even integers. What is the sum of all possible values of m? (A) 255 (B) 256 (C) 257 (D) 258 (B) 259 23. Adam, Benin, Chiang, Deshawn, Esther, and Fiona have internet accounts Some, but not all, of them are internet friends with each other, and none of thom has an internet friend outside this group. Each of them has the same umber of internet friends. In how many different ways can this happen? (aye (B) 170 (C)200 (Dy 82) 60. 2, Let a,b, and ¢ be positive integers with a > 6 > e such that 2 + ab= 2011 and a? +30? + 3c ~ Sab — 2ac ~ Dhe = 1997. What is a? (A) 249 (B) 250 (C) 251 (D) 252. (H) 253 25, Real numbers 2,y, and z are chosen independently and at random from the interval [0,n] for some positive intoger n. The probability that no two of zy, and 2 are within 1 unit ofeach other is greater than J. What is the smallest possible value of n? 7 @s (> Mo HUSolutions Pamphlet American Mathematics Competitions 13 Annual AMC10A American Mathematics Contest 10 A Tuesday, February 7, 2012 “This Pamphlec gives 2 least one solution fr etch problem on this yea’ contest and shows, that all problems can besolved without the se of a calculator. When more than one solution is provided, this is done co illustrate a significance contrast in methods, e.g. algebraic ‘geometse, computational vs conceptual, elementary os advanced. These solutions are by no Teans the only ones possible, nor ate they superior to others the reader may devise. “We hope chat ceachers will inform ther students about :hesesolucions, both asillustacions of the kinds of ingenuity needed to solve nonroutine problems and as examples of good ‘mathematical exposition. However she publication, reproduction or communication of the problems or solutions of the AMC 10 daring the perad when student are eligible to participate “rrioualy jeopardize the integrity of the recul, Ditemsinaion via copier, telephone, email, internet tor media of any type daring this period is a violarion of the competition rus ig cen pri pein eae tt aoe pho a nada Sbarro Conon bette proleltain fr tic AMC 10d onder fray publications db adres ‘American Mathematics Competitions University of Nebrasks, BO. Box 81606, Lincoln, NE 68501-1606 Phone: 402-472-2957; Fax: 402-472-6087; email: smcinfo@maa.org {The probes and solasons for this AMC 10 were prepared by the MAM’ Committe on the “AMC 10 end AMC 12 under the diction of AMC 10 Subcommitce Chir: De. Leroy Wenstrom (© 2012 Masha Asocion of America2012 AMCIOA Solutions 2 L Answer (D): Because 20 second cupcakes in five minutes. Because 30 seconds 5+ $= 10 cupcakes in five minutes. Altogether they can frost 15 +10 cupcakes in five minutes, 4 ofa minute, Cagney ean frost 5-4 = 15, } of a minute, Lacey can frost 8 Answer (B): ‘The length of each rectangle is equal to the side length of the square, ‘The width of each rectangle is half the side length of the square, so the rectangle's dimensions are 4 by 8. Answer (B): ‘The distance from —2 to ~6 is (—6) — (—2)] = 4 units. The ‘stance from —6 to 5 is [5 ~ (~6)| = 11 units, Altogether the bug erawls 4411 = 16 units, Answer (C): Ray AB is common to both angles, so the degree measure of ZCBD is either 24 +20 = 44 or 24-20 = 4, ‘The smallest possible dogroo measure is 4 Answer (B): ‘The number of female adult cate was 50, end 25 of those were ‘accompanied by an average of 4 kittens each. Thus the total number of kittens ‘was 25-4 = 100, and the total number of cats and kittens was 100-+ 100 = 200. Answer (D): Let 2 > 0 be the first number, and let y > 0 be the second number. The first statement implies xy = 9. The second statement implies 3 =4,s0y = 4x. Substitution yields 2 (42) = 9, 90 4}. Therefore E44 d= aty Answer (C): The ratio of blue marbles to red marbles is 3:2. If the mumber of zed marbles is doubled, the ratio will be 3 : 4, and the fraction of marbles that are red will be gj = 4 Answer (D): Let the three whole numbers be a b, and a and 6 are relatively prime, a= 10 and b= 7. Thus @— 6 =3.2012 AMCIOA Solutions 6 18. Answer (E): ‘The labeled circular sectors in the figure each have the same azea because they are all #f-setors of a cicle of radius 1. ‘Therefore the area Gnclosed by the curve is equal to the area of a circle of radios 1 plus the area Of a regular hexagon of side 2. Because the regular hexagon can be partitioned into 6 congruent equilateral triangles of side 2, i follows thet the required area we6(Z #) ars0d5 7 19. Answer (D): Let the length of the lunch break be m minutes. Then the ttaree painters each worked 480 —m minutes on Monday, the two helpers worked 372—m minutes on Tuesday, and Paula worked 672m minutes on Wednesday. If Paula paints p% of the house per minute end her helpers paint a total of A% ‘of the house per minute, thon (p+ A)(480-m) = (372 —m) = 24,and (672 —m) Adding the lat two equations gives 672p+372h—mp—mh = 60, and subtracting this equation ffom the fst one gives 108h~ 192p = 0,20 h = 182. Subatitution into the first equation then leds to the system 25) 0, ior) = ‘The solution of this system is p # J, and m= 48, Note that 20. Answer (A): There are 24 = 16 possible initial colorings for the four comer ‘squates. If their intial coloring is BBBB, ono of the four cyclic permutations of BEBW, or one of the two cyclic permutations of BW BW, then all four comer ‘squazes are black st the end. If the initial coloring is WWWW, one of the four eyclic permutations of BWWW, or one of the four cyclic permutations of35 2012 AMCIOA Solutions 7 2. 22, BBW, then at least one comer square is white at the end, Hence all four comer squaies are black at the end with probability. Similac ll four edge ‘squares ore black at the end with probability %. Phe center square is black fat the end if and only if it was initially black, so it is black at the end with probability 4. The probability thet all nine squares are black at the end is ba =& Answer (C): The midpoint formula gives £ = (4.0, ), (0,1,0), and H = (0,1,}). Note that BF = GH = 4, BF . BW, GF . GH, Si pu=ro= (2) +P=%8 +P ‘Therefore EFGH is a rectangle with area fff = 6 Answer (A): ‘The sum of the first k positive integers is “2. Therefore the sum of the first k even integers is Deb G MAH DESE ts) a2 MELD ae, ‘The sum ofthe fist odd integers is (42434--428)— 244464 +28) = BORED eet), ‘The given conditions imply that m? — 212 = n(n +1), which may be rewritten agn?-4-n-+ (2122?) = 0. The discriminant for n in this quadratic equation is 1-4(212—m?) 847, and this must be the square of an odd integer. Let sp = 4m? — 847, and rearrange this equation so that (2m + p)(2m — p) = 8a7.2012 AMCI0A Solutions 8 23, ‘The only factor pairs for $47 are $47-1, 121-7, and 77-11. Buating these pairs to 2m-+p and 2m ~ p yields (m,p) = (212,423), (82,57), and (22,33). Note that the corresponding values ofr ate found using m= 42, which yields 211, 28, and 16, respectively. The sum of the possible values of mis 25. ‘Answer (B): This situation can be modeled with a geoph having thew six people as veri, In which two vertices are oinod hy an edge if end only ifthe Corresponding people ae liternet fiends. Letn bo the number of ens each person has; then 1 b > ¢, it follows that a-¢ = 3 and either a— = 2nd b-c= 1, ora-b=1 and b—c 2. Therefore either (a,b,c) = (c+ 3,e+ lye) oF (a,b,c) = (c+ 3,0 + 2) Substituting the reletions in the first case into the first given equation yields 2011 = a? —c2 + ab — B= (a olate) + (a— Bb = H(2e +38) + 2(c-+ 1). Solving gives (a,b,c) = (253,251,250). Te socond case does not yield an integer solution. Therefore a = 253212 AMCI0A Solutions 9 25, Answer (D): Itmay be assumed thet 2 < y < 2. Because there ave six possible ways of permuting the triple (xy, 2, t follows that the set of al triples (2,9, 2) with 0 <2 < nis a region whose volume is} ofthe volume of the cube [0,nj%, that is n°. Let $ be the set of triples meeting the required condition. For every (2,92) € $ consider the translation (2,4,2) + (@/,¥/2) = (euy — 13 — 2), Note that y’=y~1> 22! and 2! = 2—2>y—1=y. Thus the image of $ under this translation ie equal to {(@',y/,) 102! << 4, the smallest possible value of mis 10‘The problems and solutions in this contest were proposed by Bernardo Abrego, Betsy Bennett, Steve Dunbar, Michelle Ghrist, Peter Gilchrist, Jerrold Grossman, Dan Kennedy, Joe Kennedy, David Torey, David Wells, LeRoy Wenstrom, and Ron The American Mathematics Competitions axe Sponsored by The Mathematical Association of America ‘The Akamai Foundati Contre Academy of Api Sciences American Mathematical scion woe Cleges “aren Walenta! Socy deren Statist Asocation ‘tof Pele Saig vezome ath Casal tail Society stow 6c, IDERMatn ne stret sb Tet Natonl ounce Teacher of athens Pi sion Society af cures WH. Freeman and Gonpeny