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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Chapter 14, Solution 1.
The masses are mA = mB = 1350 kg and mC = 5400 kg.

Let v A , vB , and vC be the sought after final velocities, positive to the left.
( v A )0 = ( vB )0 = 0, ( vC )0 = 8 km/h = 2.2222 m/s
Initial velocities:
First collision. Truck C strikes car B. Plastic impact: e = 0

Let ( vBC )0 be the common velocity of B and C after impact.
Conservation of momentum for B and C :
( mB + mC ) vBC
= mB ( vB )0 + mC ( vC )0
6750 vBC = 0 + ( 5400 )( 2.2222 )
vBC = 1.77778 m/s
Second collision. Car-truck BC strikes car A.

Elastic impact. e = 1
v A vBC = e ( v A )0 ( vBC )0 = 1.77778 m/s
(1)
Conservation of momentum for A, B, and C.
mAv A + ( mB + mC )( vBC ) = mA ( v A )0 + ( mB + mC )( vBC )0
1350 v A + 6750 vBC = 0 + ( 6750 )(1.77778 )
(2)
Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously for v A and vBC ,
v A = 2.9630 m/s, vBC = 1.18519 m/s = vB = vC
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v A = 10.67 km/h
v B = 4.27 km/h
vC = 4.27 km/h
Conservation of linear momentum for block, cart, and bullet together.
components
mB v0 = ( mA + mB + mC ) v f
vf =
( 0.028)( 550 ) = 1.7058 m/s

mBv0
=
mA + mB + mC 5 + 0.028 + 4
v f = 1.706 m/s
(a)
Consider block and bullet alone.
Principle of impulse and momentum.

components
components
N ( t ) mg ( t )
N = mg
: mB v0 k N ( t ) = ( mA + mB ) v'
Just after impact, t is negligible. The velocity then is
v0' =
( 0.028)( 550 ) = 3.0628 m/s

mB v0
=
mA + mB
5 + 0.028
Also, just after impact, the velocity of the cart is zero.
Accelerations after impact.
F = ma :
Block and bullet:
k ( mA + mB ) g = ( mA + mB ) a AB
a AB = k g = ( 0.50 )( 9.81)
= 4.905 m/s 2
F = maC :
Cart:
k ( mA + mB ) g = mC aC :
aC =
k ( mA + mB ) g
mC
( 0.50 )( 5.028)( 9.81)

4
= 6.1656 m/s 2
Acceleration of block relative to cart.
a AB/C = 4.905 ( 6.1656 ) = 11.0706 m/s 2

Motion of the block relative to the cart.
( vAB/C )2
2
( v' )2
2
= 2 ( a AB/C )( s AB/C )
In the final position, v AB/C = 0
s AB/C =
( v' )2
2 a AB/C
2
3.0628 )
(
=
= 0.424 m
( 2 )(11.0706 )
The block moves 0.424 to the left relative to the cart.

(b) This places the block 1.000 0.424 = 0.576 m from the left end of the cart.
0.576 m from left end of cart
The masses are mA =
( 22 )( 2000 ) = 1366.5 slugs

4000
3700
= 124.2 slugs, mB =
= 114.9 slugs, and mF =
32.2
32.2
32.2
Let v A , vB , and vF be the sought after velocities in ft/s, positive to the right.
( v A )0
Initial values:
Initial momentum of system:
= ( vB )0 = ( vF )0 = 0.
mA ( v A )0 + mB ( vB )0 + mF ( vF )0 = 0.
There are no horizontal external forces acting during the time period under consideration. Momentum is
conserved.
0 = mAv A + mBvB + mF vF
(1)
124.2v A + 114.9vB + 1366.5vF = 0

The relative velocities are given as
v A/F = v A vF = 7 ft/s
(2)
vB/F = vB vF = 3.5 ft/s
(3)
Solving (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously,
v A = 6.208 ft/s, vB = 2.708 ft/s, vF = 0.7919 ft/s

v F = 0.792 ft/s
The masses are mA =
WA
W
W
, mB = B , and mF = F .
g
g
g
Let the final velocities be v A , vB , and vF = 0.34 ft/s, positive to the right.
( v A )0
Initial values:
= ( vB ) 0 = ( vF ) 0 = 0
mA ( v A )0 + mB ( vB )0 + mF ( vF )0 = 0
conserved.
0 = mAv A + mB vB + mF vF =
WA
W
W
v A + B vB + F vF
g
g
g
WF =
Solving for WF ,
WAv A + WBvB
vF
(1)
From the given relative velocities,
v A = vF + v A/F = 1.02 7.65 = 6.63 ft/s

vB = vF + vB/F = 1.02 7.5 = 6.48 ft/s
Substituting these values in (1),
WF =
( 4000 )( 6.63) + ( 3700 )( 6.48)

1.02
= 49506 lb
WF = 24.8 tons
The masses are the engine mA = 80 103 kg , the load mB = 30 103 kg , and the flat car
(m
= 20 103 kg .
( v A )0
Initial velocities:
= 6.5 km/h = 1.80556 m/s,
( vB ) 0
= ( vC )0 = 0.
No horizontal external forces act on the system during the impact and while the load is sliding relative to the flat
car. Momentum is conserved.
mA ( v A )0 + mB ( 0 ) + mC ( 0 ) = mA ( v A )0
Initial momentum:
(1)
(a) Let v be the common velocity of the engine and flat car immediately after impact. Assume that the
impact takes place before the load has time to acquire velocity.
Momentum immediately after impact:
mAv + mB ( 0 ) + mC v = ( mA + mC ) v
(2)
Equating (1) and (2) and solving for v,
v =
m A ( v A )0
mA + mC
(80 10 ) (1.80556) = 1.44444 m/s

=
(100 10 )
3
v = 5.20 km/h
(b) Let v f be the common velocity of all three masses after the load has slid to a stop relative to the car.
Corresponding momentum:
mAv f + mBv f + mC v f = ( mA + mB + mC ) v f
(3)
Equating (1) and (3) and solving for v f ,
vf =
m A ( v A )0
mA + mB + mC
(80 10 ) (1.80556) = 1.11111 m/s

=
(130 10 )
3
v f = 4.00 km/h
The masses are m for the bullet and mA and mB for the blocks.
(a) The bullet passes through block A and embeds in block B. Momentum is conserved.
Initial momentum:
mv0 + mA ( 0 ) + mB ( 0 ) = mv0
Final momentum:
mvB + m Av A + mB vB
Equating,
mv0 = mvB + mAv A + mBvB
m=
( 3)( 3) + ( 2.5)( 5) = 43.434 103 kg

mAv A + mB vB
=
v0 vB
500 5
m = 43.4 g
(b) The bullet passes through block A. Momentum is conserved.
Initial momentum:
mv0 + mA ( 0 ) = mv0
Final momentum:
mv1 + m Av A
Equating,
mv0 = mv1 + mAv A
43.434 103 ( 500 ) ( 3)( 3)

mv0 mAv A
=
= 292.79 m/s
v1 =
m
43.434 103
v1 = 293 m/s
(a) Woman dives first.

Conservation of momentum:
120
300 + 180
v1 = 0
(16 v1 )
g
g
v1 =
(120 )(16 )
600
= 3.20 ft/s
Man dives next. Conservation of momentum:
300 + 180
300
180
v1 =
v2 +
(16 v2 )
g
g
g
v2 =
480v1 + (180 )(16 )

480
= 9.20 ft/s
v 2 = 9.20 ft/s
v2 = 9.37 ft/s
(b) Man dives first.

180
300 + 120
v1
(16 v1 )
g
g
v1 =
(180 )(16 )
600
= 4.80 ft/s
Woman dives next. Conservation of momentum:
300 + 120
300
120
v1 =
v2 +
(16 v2 )
g
g
g
v2 =
420v1 + (120 )(16 )

420
= 9.37 ft/s
(a) Woman dives first.

120
300 + 180
v1 = 0
(16 v1 ) +
g
g
v1 =
(120 )(16 )
600
= 3.20 ft/s
Man dives next. Conservation of momentum:
300 + 180
300
180
v1 =
v2 +
(16 v2 )
g
g
g
v2 =
480v1 + (180 )(16 )

= 2.80 ft/s
480
v 2 = 2.80 ft/s
v2 = 0.229 ft/s
(b) Man dives first.

180
300 + 120
v1 = 0
(16 v1 )
g
g
v1 =
(180 )(16 )
600
= 4.80 ft/s
Woman dives next. Conservation of momentum:
300 + 120
300
120
v1 =
v2 +
(16 v2 )
g
g
g
v2 =
420v1 + (120 )(16 )

= 0.229 ft/s
420

The masses are mA = mB = mC = 9 kg.
Position vectors (m):
rA = 0.9k ,
rB = 0.6i + 0.6 j + 0.9k ,
rC = 0.3i + 1.2 j
HO = rA ( mA v A ) + rB ( mB v B ) + rC ( mC vC )
In units of kg m 2 /s,
= 0
0
0
0.9 +
( 9vA ) 0
0.6 0.6 0.9 + 0.3 1.2

0 0
( 9vB ) 0 0
k
0
( 9vC )
= ( 8.1v Ai ) + ( 8.1vB j 5.4vBk ) + (10.8vC i 2.7vC j)

= ( 8.1v A + 10.8vC ) i + ( 8.1vB 2.7vC ) j + ( 5.4vB ) k
But, H O is given as 1.8 kg m 2 /s k

Equating the two expressions for H O and resolving into components,
i:
8.1v A + 10.8vC = 0
(1)
j: 8.1vB 2.7vC = 0
(2)
k: 5.4vB = 1.8
(3)
v A = 1.333 m/s
v A = (1.333 m/s ) j
(a) Solving for v A , vB , and vC ,
v B = ( 0.333 m/s ) i
vB = 0.333 m/s
vC = (1.000 m/s ) k
vC = 1.000 m/s
Coordinates of mass center G in m.
r =
=
mArA + mBrB + mC rC
mA + mB + mC
( 9 )( 0.9k ) + ( 9 )( 0.6i + 0.6 j + 0.9k ) + ( 9 )( 0.3i + 1.2 j)

27
= 0.3i + 0.6 j + 0.6k

Position vectors relative to the mass center in m.
rA = rA r = ( 0.9k ) ( 0.3i + 0.6 j + 0.6k ) = 0.3i 0.6 j + 0.3k

rB = rB r = ( 0.6i + 0.6 j + 0.9k ) ( 0.3i + 0.6 j + 0.6k ) = 0.3i + 0.3k
rC = rC r = ( 0.3i + 1.2 j) ( 0.3i + 0.6 j + 0.6k ) = 0.6 j 0.6k
mA v A = ( 9 )(1.333j) = (12 kg m/s ) j
mB v B = ( 9 )( 0.333i ) = ( 3 kg m/s ) i
mC vC = ( 9 )(1k ) = ( 9 kg m/s ) k
(b)
HG = rA ( mA v A ) + rB ( mB v B ) + rC ( mC vC )
= ( 0.3i 0.6 j + 0.3k ) (12 j) + ( 0.3i + 0.3k ) ( 3i ) + ( 0.6 j 0.6k ) ( 9k )
= ( 3.6i 3.6k ) + ( 0.9 j) + ( 5.4i ) = 1.8i + 0.9 j 3.6k
) (
) (
HG = 1.800 kg m 2 /s i + 0.900 kg m 2/s j 3.60 kg m 2/s k
The masses are
mA = mB = mC = 9 kg.
rA = 0.9k ,
Position vectors (m):
rB = 0.6i + 0.6 j + 0.9k ,
rC = 0.3i + 1.2 j
Coordinates of mass center G expressed in m.
r =
=
mArA + mBrB + mC rC
mA + mB + mC
( 9 )( 0.9k ) + ( 9 )( 0.6i + 0.6 j + 0.9k ) + ( 9 )( 0.3i + 1.2j)

27
= 0.3i + 0.6 j + 0.6k

Position vectors relative to the mass center expressed in m.
rA = rA r = ( 0.9k ) ( 0.3i + 0.6 j + 0.6k ) = 0.3i 0.6 j + 0.3k

rB = rB r = ( 0.6i + 0.6 j + 0.9k ) ( 0.3i + 0.6 j + 0.6k ) = 0.3i + 0.3k
rC = rC r = ( 0.3i + 1.2 j) ( 0.3i + 0.6 j + 0.6k ) = 0.6 j 0.6k
Angular momenta.
HG = rA ( mA v A ) + rB ( mB v B ) + rC ( mC vC )
Subtracting,
HO HG = ( rA rA ) ( mA v A ) + ( rB rB ) mB v B + ( rC rC ) mC vC
0 = r ( mA v A ) + r ( mB v B ) + r ( mC vC )
= r ( mA v A + mB v B + mC vC ) = r L
L = r
L is parallel to r.
2 =
L L = 2r r
( 45) = 502 ,
LL
=
rr
( 0.9 )2
= 50 N s/m
mA v A + mB v B + mC vC = r
( 9 )( vA j) + ( 9 )( vBi ) + ( 9 ) ( vC k ) = 50 ( 0.3i + 0.6 j + 0.6k )
(a) Resolve into components and solve for v A , vB , and vC .

v A = 3.333 m/s
v A = ( 3.33 m/s ) j
vB = 1.6667 m/s
v B = (1.667 m/s ) i
vC = 3.333 m/s
vC = ( 3.33 m/s ) k
(b) Angular momentum about O expressed in kg m 2 /s.
i
= 0
0
0
0.9 +
( 9vA ) 0
0.6 0.6 0.9 + 0.3 1.2

0 0
( 9vB ) 0 0
k
0
( 9vC )
= ( 8.1v Ai ) + ( 8.1vB j 5.4vBk ) + (10.8vC i 2.7vC j)

= ( 8.1v A + 10.8vC ) i + ( 8.1vB 2.7vC ) j + ( 5.4vB ) k
= 9i + 4.5j 9k
) (
) (
HO = 9.00 kg m 2 /s i + 4.50 kg m 2 /s j 9.00 kg m 2 /s k
Position vectors expressed in ft.
rA = 3i + 6 j,
rB = 6 j + 3k ,
rC = 3i + 3k
Momentum of each particle expressed in lb s.

WA v A
4
1
= ( 42i + 63j) = (168i + 252 j)
g
g
g
WB v B
4
1
= ( 42i + 63j) = ( 168i + 252 j)
g
g
g
WC vC
28
1
=
( 9 j 6k ) = ( 252 j 168k )
g
g
g
Angular momentum of the system about O expressed in ft lb s.
HO = rA
WA v A
W v
W v
+ rB B B + rC C C
g
g
g
i
j k
i
j k
i
j
k
1
= 3
6 0 + 0
6 3 + 3 0
3
g
168 252 0
0 252 168
168 252 0
1
= {( 252k ) + ( 756i 504 j + 1008k ) + ( 756i + 504 j 756k )}
g
=
1
( 0i + 0 j + 0k )
g
H O = zero
W = WA + WB + WC = 4 + 4 + 28 = 36 lb
(a)
mArA + mBrB + mC rC
W r + WBrB + mC rC
= A A
m
W
1
=
{( 4 )( 3i + 6j) + ( 4 )( 6j + 3k ) + ( 28)( 3i + 3k )}
36
= 2.667i + 1.333j + 2.667k
r =
r = ( 2.67 ft ) i + (1.333 ft ) j + ( 2.67 ft ) k
(b) Linear momentum
mv = mA v A + mB v B + mC vC =
1
(WA v A + WB v B + WC vC )
g
1
( 4 )( 42i + 63j) + ( 4 )( 42i + 63j) + ( 28 )( 9 j 6k )
g
1
=
( 252 j 168k )
32.2
mv = ( 7.83 lb s ) j ( 5.22 lb s ) k
(c) Position vectors relative to the mass center G (ft).
rA = rA r = ( 3i + 6 j) ( 2.667i + 1.333j + 2.667k )

= 0.333i + 4.667 j 2.667k
rB = rB r = ( 6 j + 3k ) ( 2.667i + 1.333j + 2.667k )
= 2.667i + 4.667 j + 0.333k
rC = rC r = ( 3i + 3k ) ( 2.667i + 1.333j + 2.667k )
= 0.333i 1.333j + 0.333k
Angular momentum about the mass center.
W v
W v
W v
HG = rA A A + rB B B + rC C C
g
g
g
i
j
k
i
j
k
i
1
= 0.333
4.667 2.667 + 2.667
4.667 0.333 + 0.333
g
0
0
( 4 )( 42 ) ( 4 )( 63) 0
( 4 )( 42 ) ( 4 )( 63)
1
= {( 672i 448j 700k ) + ( 84i 56 j + 112k ) + ( 308i + 56 j 84k )}
g
1
(896i 448j 672k ) = 27.827i 13.913j 20.870k
32.2
= ( 27.8 ft lb s ) i (13.91 ft lb s ) j ( 20.9 ft lb s ) k
=
HG
j
1.333
( 28)( 9 )
k
0.333
( 28)( 6 )
From Problem 14.28,
HO = r mv + H G
HO
i
j
k
= 2.667 1.333 2.667
0
7.83 5.22
= 27.826i + 13.913j + 20.870k + 27.827i 13.913j 20.870k

= 0i + 0 j + 0k
From Prob 14.11,
1
{rA (WAv A ) + rB (WB v B ) + rC (WC vC )}
g
i
j k
i
j k
i
j
k
1
= 3
6 0 + 0
6 3 + 3 0
3
g
168 252 0
0 252 168
168 252 0
1
= {( 252k ) + ( 756i 504 j + 1008k ) + ( 756i + 504 j 756k )}
g
1
( 0i + 0 j + 0k )
g
Linear momentum of each particle expressed in kg m/s.
mA v A = 3i 2 j + 4k
mB v B = 8i + 6 j
mC vC = 6i + 15j 9k
Position vectors, (meters):
rA = 3j + k ,
rB = 3i + 2.5k ,
rC = 4i + 2 j + k
Angular momentum about O, ( kg m 2 /s ) .

i j k
i j k
i j k
= 0 3 1 + 3 0 2.5 + 4 2 1
3 2 4
8 6 0
6 15 9
= (14i + 3j 9k ) + ( 15i + 20 j + 18k ) + ( 33i + 42 j + 48k )
= 34i + 65j + 57k
) (
) (
HO = 34 kg m 2 /s i + 65 kg m 2 /s j + 57 kg m 2 /s k
rA = 3j + k ,
(a) Mass center:
6r
rB = 3i + 2.5k ,
rC = 4i + 2 j + k
( mA + mB + mC ) r = mArA + mBrB + mCrC

= (1)( 3j + k ) + ( 2 )( 3i + 2.5k ) + ( 3)( 4i + 2 j + k )
r = 3i + 1.5j + 1.5k
r = ( 3.00 m ) i + (1.500 m ) j + (1.500 m ) k
Linear momentum of each particle, ( kg m/s ) .

mA v A = 3i 2 j + 4k
mB v B = 8i + 6 j
mC vC = 6i + 15j 9k
(b) Linear momentum of the system, ( kg m/s.)
mv = mA v A + mB v B + mC vC = 17i + 19 j 5k
mv = (17.00 kg m/s ) i + (19.00 kg m/s ) j ( 5.00 kg m/s ) k
Position vectors relative to the mass center, (meters).

rA = rA r = 3i + 1.5j 0.5k
rB = rB r = 1.5j + k
rC = rC r = i + 0.5j 0.5k
(c) Angular momentum about G, ( kg m 2 /s ) .
HG = rA mA v A + rB mB v B + rC mC vC
i
j
k
i
j k
i j
k
= 3 1.5 0.5 + 0 1.5 1 + 1 0.5 0.5
3 2 4
8 6 0
6 15 9
= ( 5i + 10.5j + 1.5k ) + ( 6i + 8 j + 12k ) + ( 3i + 6 j + 12k )
= 2i + 24.5j + 25.5k
) (
) (
HG = 2.00 kg m 2 /s i + 24.5 kg m 2/s j + 25.5 kg m 2 /s k
i j k
r mv = 3 1.5 1.5
17 19 5
= ( 36 kg m 2 /s ) i + ( 40.5 kg m 2 /s ) j + ( 31.5 kg m 2 /s ) k
HG + r mv = ( 34 kg m 2 /s ) i + ( 65 kg m 2/s ) j + ( 57 kg m 2/s ) k
Angular momentum about O.
i j k
i j k
i j k
= 0 3 1 + 3 0 2.5 + 4 2 1
3 2 4
8 6 0
6 15 9
= (14i + 3j 9k ) + ( 15i + 20 j + 18k ) + ( 33i + 42 j + 48k )
= ( 34 kg m 2 /s ) i + 65 kg m 2 /s j + ( 57 kg m 2/s ) k
Note that
H O = H G + r mv
The mass center moves as if the projectile had not exploded.

2
1
1
r = ( v 0t ) gt 2 j = ( 60i )( 2 ) ( 9.81)( 2 ) j
2
2
= (120 m ) i (19.62 m ) j
( mA + mB ) r
rB =
=
= mArA + mBrB
1
( mA + mB ) r mArA
mB
1
( 20 )(120i 19.62 j) 8 (120i 10 j 20k )
12
= 120i 26.033j + 13.333k
rB = (120.0 m ) i ( 26.0 m ) j + (13.33 m ) k
There are no external forces. The mass center moves as if the explosion had not occurred.
r = v 0t = ( 450i )( 4 ) = (1800 m ) i
( mA + mB + mC ) r
rC =
=
= mArA + mBrB + mC rC
1
( mA + mB + mC ) r mArA mBrB
mC
1
( 500 )(1800i ) ( 300 )(1200i 350 j 600k )
50
(150 )( 2500i + 450 j + 900k )

= 3300i + 750 j + 900k
rC = ( 3300 m ) i + ( 750 m ) j + ( 900 m ) k
Mass center at time of first collision.
( mA + mB + mC ) r1 = mA ( rA )1 + mB ( rB )1 + mC ( rC )1
(WA + WB + WC ) r1 = WA ( rA )1 + WB ( rB )1 + WC ( rC )1
9600 r1 = ( 2800 )( 27.8j) + ( 3600 )( 38.4 j) + ( 3200 )(120i )
r1 = ( 40 ft ) i ( 22.508 ft ) j
Mass center at time of photo.
( mA + mB + mC ) r2
(WA + WB + WC ) r2
= mA ( rA )2 + mB ( rB )2 + mC ( rC )2
= WA ( rA )2 + WB ( rB )2 + WC ( rC )2
9600 r2 = ( 2800 )( 30.3i + 50.7 j) + ( 3600 )( 30.3i + 61.2 j)

+ ( 3200 )( 59.4i 45.6 j)
r2 = ( 40 ft ) i + ( 22.5375 ft ) j
Since no external horizontal forces act, momentum is conserved, and the mass center moves at constant
velocity.
( mA + mB + mC ) v = mA ( v A )1 + mB ( v B )1 + mC ( vC )1
(1)
r2 r1 = vt
(2)
Combining (1) and (2),
( mA + mB + mC ) ( r2 r1 ) = mA ( v A )1 + mB ( v B )1 + mC ( vC )1 t
(WA + WB + WC ) ( r2 r1 ) = WA ( v A )1 + WB ( v B )1 + WC ( vC )1 t
( 9600 )( 80i + 45.0455j) = 0 + ( 3600 )( vB )1 j + ( 3200 )( 66i ) t

Components.
i: 768000 = 211200t
t = 3.64 s
j: 432440 = 3600 vB t
vB =
( 432440 )
( 3600 )( 3.6363)
= 30.034
vB = 30.0 ft/s
Mass center at time of first collision.
( mA + mB + mC ) r1 = mA ( rA )1 + mB ( rB )1 + mC ( rC )1
(WA + WB + WC ) r1 = WA ( rA )1 + WB ( rB )1 + WC ( rC )1
9600 r1 = ( 2800 )( 27.8j) + ( 3600 )( 38.4 j) + ( 3200 )(120i )
r1 = ( 40 ft ) i ( 22.508 ft ) j
Mass center at time of photo.
( mA + mB + mC ) r2
(WA + WB + WC ) r2
= mA ( rA )2 + mB ( rB )2 + mC ( rC )2
= WA ( rA )2 + WB ( rB )2 + WC ( rC )2
9600 r2 = ( 2800 )( 30.3i + 50.7 j) + ( 3600 )( 30.3i + 61.2 j)

+ ( 3200 )( 59.4i 45.6 j)
r2 = ( 40 ft ) i + ( 22.5375 ft ) j
Since no external horizontal forces act, momentum is conserved, and the mass center moves at constant
velocity.
( mA + mB + mC ) v = mA ( v A )1 + mB ( v B )1 + mC ( vC )1
(1)
(2)
r2 r1 = vt
( mA + mB + mC ) ( r2 r1 ) = mA ( v A )1 + mB ( v B )1 + mC ( vC )1 t
Combining (1) and (2),
(WA + WB + WC ) ( r2 r1 ) = WA ( v A )1 + WB ( v B )1 + WC ( vC )1 t
( 9600 )( 80i + 45.0455j) = 0 + ( 3600 )( vB )1 j + ( 3200 ) ( vC )1 i ( 3.4 )
Components.
j: 432440 = 12240 ( vB )1 ,
( vB )1 = 35.33 ft/s,
vB = 24.1 mi/h
i:
768000 = 10880 ( vC )1 ,
( vC )1 = 70.588 ft/s,
vC = 48.1 mi/h
ax = 0,
Projectile motion
( v x )0
= 165 m/s,
a y = g = 9.81 m/s 2 ,
( v y )0 = 0,
( v z )0
az = 0
=0
After the chain breaks the mass center continues the original projectile motion.
At t = 1.5 s,
x = x0 + ( vx )0 t = 0 + (165 )(1.5 ) = 247.5 m
( )0 t 12 gt 2 = 15 + 0 12 ( 9.81)(1.5)2 = 3.9638 m
y = y0 + v y
z = z0 + ( v z ) 0 t = 0
Position of first cannon ball at this time is
x1 = 240 m, y1 = 0, z1 = 7 m
Definition of mass center: ( m1 + m2 ) r = m1r1 + m2r2
r2 =
( m1 + m2 ) r
m2
m1
r1
m2
30
15
( 247.5i + 3.9638j) ( 240i + 7k )
15
15
= ( 255 m ) i + ( 7.9276 m ) j 7k
=
Position of second cannon ball:
x2 = 255 m, y2 = 7.93 m, z2 = 7 m
Place the vertical y axis along the initial vertical path of the rocket. Let the x axis be directed to the right (east).
Motion of the mass center:
ax = 0, vx = 0,
x =0
a y = g = 9.81 m/s 2
v y = v0 + a yt = 28 9.81t
1 2
a yt = 60 + 28t 4.905t 2
2
x = 0, y = 55.939 m
y = y0 + v0t +
At t = 5.85 s,
Definition of mass center :
m r = m ArA + mBrB
3x = 1x A + 2 xB
x component:
0 = 74.4 + 2 xB
y component:
xB = 37.2 m
3y = 1y A + 2 yB
( 3)( 55.939 ) = 0 + 2 yB
yB = 83.9 m
Position of part B.
37.2 m (east), 83.9 m (up)
Velocities of pieces C and D after impact and fracture.
( vC ) x
xC
2.1
=
= 3 m/s,
tC
0.7
( vD ) x
xD
2.1
=
= 2.333 m/s,
tD
0.9
( vC ) y
= 3tan 30 m/s
( vD ) y
= 2.3333tan m/s
Assume that during the impact the impulse between spheres A and B is directed along the x axis. Then, the y
component of momentum of sphere A is conserved.
0 = m ( vA ) y
Conservation of momentum of system:
: mAv0 + mB ( 0 ) = mAvA + mC ( vC ) x + mD ( vD ) x
m ( 4.8 ) + 0 = mvA +
m
m
( 3) + ( 2.3333)
2
2
vA = 2.13 m/s
(a )
: mA ( 0 ) + mB ( 0 ) = mA ( vA ) y + mC ( vC ) y + mD ( vD ) y
0+0=0+
tan =
(b)
m
m
( 3tan 30 ) ( 2.3333tan )
2
2
3
tan 30 = 0.7423
2.3333
= 36.6
vC =
( vC )2x + ( vC )2y
( 3)2 + ( 3tan 30o )
vD =
( vD )2x + ( vD )2y
( 2.3333)2 + ( 2.3333tan 36.6o )
vC = 3.46 m/s
2
vD = 2.91 m/s
v 0 = v0 ( cos 30i + sin 30 j)
Velocity vectors:
v A = v A ( sin 7.4i + cos 7.4 j)

v B = vB ( sin 49.3i cos 49.3 j)
vC = vC ( cos 45i + sin 45 j)
mA v 0 = mA v A + mB v B + mC vC
Divide by mA = mB = mC and substitute data.
4 ( cos 30i + sin 30 j) = v A ( sin 7.4i + cos 7.4 j) + vB ( sin 49.3i cos 49.3 j)
+ 2.1( cos 45i + sin 45 j)
Resolve into components and rearrange.
i:
j:
( sin 7.4 ) vA + ( sin 49.3) vB = 4 cos 30o 2.1cos 45

( cos 7.4 ) v A ( cos 49.3 ) vB = 4sin 30o 2.1sin 45
Solving simultaneously,
(a)
v A = 2.01 m/s
(b)
vB = 2.27 m/s
( v A )0
= 190 mi/h east = ( 278.67 ft/s ) i
Place orgin at point of impact.

x0 = 0,
y0 = 0,
z0 = 0
After impact the motion is projectile motion.
r = r0 + v 0t
v0 =
1 2
gt j
2
r r0 1
+ gt j
t
2
r = (1600 ft ) i ( 2400 ft ) j + ( 400 ft ) k
where
r0 = 0
v0 =
1600
2400
400
1
i
j+
k + ( 32.2 )(12 ) j
12
12
12
2
= (133.333 ft/s ) i ( 6.80 ft/s ) j + ( 33.333 ft/s ) k

Impact: Conservation of momentum.
mA ( v A )0 + mB ( v B )0 = ( mA + mB ) v 0
( v B )0
Components:
mA + mB
m
v 0 A ( v A )0
mB
mB
23000
10000
=
(133.333i 6.80 j + 33.333k )
( 278.67 ) i
13000
13000
= ( 21.537 ft/s ) i (12.031 ft/s ) j + ( 58.975 ft/s ) k
( 21.537 ft/s ) i = 14.69 mi/h east

( 58.974 ft/s ) k
= 40.2 mi/h south
(12.031 ft/s ) j = 8.20 mi/h down
Weight of arrow:
WA = 2 oz = 0.125 lb.
Weight of bird:
WB = 6 lb.
Conservation of momentum: Let v be velocity immediately after impact.
WA
W
W + WB
v A + B vB = A
v
g
g
g
v=
( 0.125)(180j + 240k ) + ( 6 )( 30i )

WA v A
WB v B
+
=
WA + WB WA + WB
6.125
= 29.388i + 3.6735j + 4.8980k
( )0 t 12 gt 2
y = y0 + v y
Vertical motion:
0 = 45 + 3.6735 t
1
( 32.2 ) t 2
2
t 2 0.22817 t 2.7950 = 0
or
Solving for t,
t = 1.7898 s
Horizontal motion:
x = vx t ,
z = vz t
x = ( 29.388 )(1.7898 ) = 52.6 ft

z = ( 4.8980 )(1.7898 ) = 8.77 ft
rP = ( 52.6 ft ) i + ( 8.77 ft ) k

A1 A2 = 80i + 80 j + 40k

B1B2 = 33i + 70 j 10k

C1C2 = 48j 15k
Position vectors (mm):
Unit vectors:
( A1 A2 ) = 120
( B1B2 ) = 78.032
( C1C2 ) = 50.289
Along A1 A2 ,
A = 0.66667i + 0.66667 j + 0.33333k
Along B1B2 ,
B = 0.42290i + 0.89707 j 0.12815k
Along C1C2 ,
C = 0.95448j 0.29828k
Velocity vectors after the collisions:
v A = v A A
v B = vB B
vC = vC C
Divide by m and substitute data.
mu 0 + 4mv 0 + 4mv 0 = mv A + 4mv B + 4mvC
( 600i + 750 j 800k ) + 2400 j + 2400 j = vA A + 4vB B + 4vC C

Resolving into components,
i : 600 = 0.66667v A 1.69160vB
j:
5550 = 0.66667v A + 3.58828vB + 3.81792vC
k : 800 = 0.33333v A 0.51260vB 1.19312vC
Solving the three equations simultaneously,
v A = 919.26 m/s,
vB = 716.98 m/s,
vC = 619.30 m/s
v A = 919 m/s
vB = 717 m/s
vC = 619 m/s
Position vectors (ft):
rD = 18k
rA = 7.5i
rA/D = 7.5i 18k
rA/D = 19.5
rB = 18i + 9 j
rB/D = 18i + 9 j 18k
rB/D = 27
rC = 13.5j
rC/D = 13.5j 18k
rC/D = 22.5
1
( 7.5i 18k )
19.5
1
Along rB/D ,
B =
(18i + 9 j 18k )
27
1
Along rC/D ,
C =
( 13.5j 18k )
22.5
Assume that elevation changes due to gravity may be neglected. Then, the velocity vectors after the
explosition have the directions of the unit vectors.
v A = v A A
v B = vB B
vC = vC C
Unit vectors:
Along rA/D ,
mv 0 = mA v A + mB v B + mC vC
A =
18
8 v
6 v
4 v
( 60i 45j 1800k ) = A ( 7.5i 18k ) + B (18i + 9 j 18k ) + C ( 13.5j 18k )
g
g 19.5
g 27
g 22.5
Multiply by g and resolve into components.
v
v
1080 = 60 A + 108 B
19.5
27
810 =
v
v
54 B 52 C
27
22.5
v
v
v
32400 = 144 A 108 B 72 C
19.5
27
22.5
Solving,
vA
= 119.944
19.5
v A = 2340 ft/s
vB
= 76.635
27
vB = 2070 ft/s
vC
= 95.160
22.5
vC = 2140 ft/s
Position vectors (ft):
rD = 18k
Unit vectors:
rA = 7.5i
rA/D = 7.5i 18k
rA/D = 19.5
rB = 18i + 9 j
rB/D = 18i + 9 j 18k
rB/D = 27
rC = 13.5j
rC/D = 13.5j 18k
rC/D = 22.5
1
( 7.5i 18k )
19.5
1
B =
(18i + 9 j 18k )
27
1
C =
( 13.5j 18k )
22.5
Along rA/D ,
A =
Along rB/D ,
Along rC/D ,
Assume that elevation changes due to gravity may be neglected. Then, the velocity vectors after the explosition
have the directions of the unit vectors.
v A = v A A
where
so that
vA =
v B = vB B
vC = vC C
rA/D
19.5
=
= 1950 ft/s
tA
0.010
vB =
rB/D
27
=
= 1500 ft/s
tB
0.018
vC =
rC/D
22.5
=
= 1875 ft/s
tC
0.012
v A = ( 750 ft/s ) i (1800 ft/s ) k

v B = (1000 ft/s ) i + ( 500 ft/s ) j (1000 ft/s ) k
vC = (1125 ft ) j (1500 ft/s ) k
mv 0 = mA v A + mB v B + mC vC
W
W
W
W
v0 k = A ( 750i 1800k ) + B (1000i + 500 j 1000k ) + C ( 1125 j 1500k )
g
g
g
g
Divide by g and resolve into components.
i:
0 = 750 WA + 1000 WB
(1)
j:
0=
500 WB 1125 WC
(2)
k : Wv0 = 1800 WA 1000 WB 1500 WC
(3)
Since mass is conserved,
(4)
W = WA + WB + WC = 6 lb
Solving equations (1), (2), and (4) simultaneously,

WA = 2.88 lb, WB = 2.16 lb, WC = 0.96 lb
(a)
substituting into (3),

6v0 = (1800 )( 2.88 ) (1000 )( 2.16 ) (1500 )( 0.96 )
(b)
v0 = 1464 ft/s
From Eq. (14.7),
H O = ( ri mi vi )
i =1
n
= ( r + ri) mi vi
i =1
i =1
i =1
= r ( mi vi ) + ( ri mi vi )
= r mv + H G
vi = v A + vi
n
H A = ri mi vi
i =1
n
= ri mi ( v A + vi )
i =1
n
i =1
i =1
= ( ri mi v A ) + ri mi vi
n
= ( miri) v A + HA
i =1
n
= mi ( ri rA ) v A + HA
i =1
= m ( r rA ) v A + HA
H A = HA if, and only if,
m ( r rA ) v A = 0
This condition is satisfied if,
(a) v A = 0
Point A has zero velocity.
or
(b) r = rA
Point A coincides with the mass center.
or
(c) v A is parallel to r rA. Velocity v A is directed along line AG .
HA = ( ri mi vi )
From equation (1),
i =1
HA = ( ri rA ) mi ( vi v A )
i =1
Differentiate with respect to time.

n
i =1
i =1
& = ( r& r& ) m ( v v ) + ( r r ) m ( v& v& )

H
A
A
i
i
A
A
i
i
A
i
i
r&i = vi ,
But
Hence,
v& i = ai ,
r&A = v A ,
and
v& A = a A
& = 0 + ( r r ) m ( a a )
H
A
A
i
i
A
i
i =1
= ( ri rA ) ( Fi mia A )
i =1
n
i =1
i =1
= ( ri rA ) Fi mi ( ri rA ) a A
= M A m ( r rA ) a A
& = M
H
A
A
if, and only if,
m ( r rA ) a A = 0
This condition is satisfied if
(a) a A = 0
The frame is newtonian.
or
(b) r = rA
Point A coincides with the mass center.
or
(c) a A is parallel to r rA. Acceleration a A is directed along line AG.
The masses are m for the bullet and mA and mB for the blocks.
The bullet passes through block A and embeds in block B. Momentum is conserved.
Initial momentum:
mv0 + mA ( 0 ) + mB ( 0 ) = mv0
Final momentum:
mvB + mAv A + mB vB
Equating,
mv0 = mvB + mAv A + mBvB
m=
( 3)( 3) + ( 2.5)( 5) = 43.434 103 kg

mAv A + mB vB
=
v0 vB
500 5
The bullet passes through block A. Momentum is conserved.
Initial momentum:
mv0 + mA ( 0 ) = mv0
Final momentum:
mv1 + m Av A
Equating,
mv0 = mv1 + m Av A
v1 =
43.434 103 ( 500 ) ( 3)( 3)

mv0 mAv A
=
= 292.79 m/s
m
43.434 103
(a) Bullet passes through block A. Kinetic energies.
T0 =
Before:
After:
T1 =
1 2 1
2
mv0 =
43.434 103 ( 500 ) = 5429 J
2
2
1 2 1
1
1
2
2
mv1 + mAv A2 =
43.434 103 ( 292.79 ) + ( 3)( 3) = 1875 J
2
2
2
2
T0 T1 = 5429 1875 = 3554 J
Lost:
energy lost = 3550 J
(b) Bullet becomes embedded in block B. Kinetic energies.
Before:
After:
Lost:
T2 =
1 2 1
2
mv1 =
43.434 103 ( 292.79 ) = 1861.7 J
2
2
T3 =
1
1
( m + mB ) vB2 = ( 2.54343)( 5)2 = 31.8 J
2
2
T2 T3 = 1862 31.8 = 1830 J
energy lost = 1830 J
Data and results from Prob. 14.1.
mA = mB = 1350 kg,
Masses:
mc = 5400 kg
(v A )0 = (vB )0 = 0,
Initial velocities:
(vc )0 = 8 km/h = 2.2222 m/s
Velocities after first collision:
(v A )1 = 0,
(vB )1 = (vc )1 = 1.77778 m/s
Velocities after second collision
v A = 2.9630 m/s,
vB = vc = 1.18519 m/s
T0 =
Initial kinetic energy:
T0 = 0 + 0 +
1
1
1
mA (v A )02 + mB (vB )02 + mc (vB )02
2
2
2
1
(5400) (2.2222) 2 = 13.3333 103 J
2
Kinetic energy after the first collision:
T1 =
1
1
1
2
mA (v A )12 + mB ( vB )1 + mc (vc )12
2
2
2
=0+
1
1
(1350) (1.77778)2 + (5400) (1.77778) 2 = 10.6667 103 J
2
2
Kinetic energy after the second collision:
T2 =
1
1
1
mA v A2 + mB vB2 + mc vc2
2
2
2
1
1
1
(1350) (2.9630)2 + (1350) (1.18519)2 + (5400) (1.18519)2 = 10.6668 103 J
2
2
2
Kinetic energy lost in first collision:
T0 T1 = 2.6667 103 J
2.67 kJ
Kinetic energies before and after second collision:
T2 = T1 = 10.67 kJ
The masses are mA =
( 22 )( 2000 ) = 1366.5 slugs

4000
3700
= 124.2 slugs, mB =
= 114.9 slugs, and mF =
32.2
32.2
32.2
Let v A , vB , and vF be the sought after velocities in ft/s, positive to the right.
( v A )0
Initial values:
= ( vB )0 = ( vF )0 = 0.
mA ( v A )0 + mB ( vB )0 + mF ( vF )0 = 0.
conserved.
0 = mAv A + mBvB + mF vF
(1)
124.2v A + 114.9vB + 1366.5vF = 0

The relative velocities are given as
v A/F = v A vF = 7 ft/s
(2)
vB/F = vB vF = 3.5 ft/s
(3)

v A = 6.208 ft/s, vB = 2.708 ft/s, vF = 0.7919 ft/s
T1 =

Final kinetic energy:
T2 =
1
1
1
2
2
2
mA ( v A )0 + mB ( vB )0 + ( vC )0 = 0
2
2
2
1
1
1
mAv A2 + mBvB2 + mC vC2
2
2
2
1
1
1
(124.2 )( 6.208)2 + (114.9 )( 2.708)2 + (1366.5)( 0.7919 )2
2
2
2
= 3243 ft lb
T2 =
T1 + U1
Work done by engines:

U1
= T2
= T2 T1 = 3243 ft lb
U1
= 3240 ft lb
From the solution to Prob. 14.27,
v0 = 1464 ft/s
Initial velocity of 6-lb shell:

Weights of fragments:
Speeds of fragments:
WA = 2.88 lb,
v A = 1950 ft/s,
WB = 2.16 lb,
vB = 1500 ft/s,
Wc = 0.96 lb
vc = 1875 ft/s
Total kinetic energy before the explosion.
T0 =
1 W 2 1 6
2
3
v0 =
(1464 ) = 199.69 10 ft lb
2 g
2 32.2
Total kinetic energy after the explosion.
T1 =
1 WA 2 1 WB 2 1 Wc 2
vA +
vB +
vc
2 g
2 g
2 g
1 2.88
1 2.16
1 0.96
2
2
2
(1950 ) +
(1500 ) +
(1875 )
2 32.2
2 32.2
2 32.2
= 297.92 103 ft lb
Increase in kinetic energy.
T1 T0 = 98.2 103 ft lb
( mA + mB ) v = mA v A + mB v B
Velocity of mass center:
mA v A + mB v B
mA + mB
v=
Velocities relative to the mass center:
vA = v A v = v A
vB = v B v = v B
m ( v vB )
mA v A + mB v B
= B A
mA + mB
mA + mB
m ( v vB )
mA v A + mB v B
= A A
mA + mB
mA + mB
Energies:
EA =
m m2 ( v v B ) ( v A v B )
1
mA vA vA = A B A
2
2
2 ( mA + mB )
EB =
m2 m ( v v B ) ( v A v B )
1
mB vB vB = A B A
2
2
2 ( mA + mB )
(a) Ratio :
(b)
E A/EB = mB /mA
v A = 135 km/h = 37.5 m/s
v B = 90 km/h = 25 m/s
v A v B = 62.5 m/s
EA =
( 2400 )(1350 )2 ( 62.5)2

( 2 )( 3750 )2
= 607.5 103 J
E A = 608 kJ
EB =
( 2400 )2 (1350 )( 62.5)2

( 2 )( 3750 )2
= 1.08 106 J
EB = 1080 kJ
Velocity of mass center :
( m A + mB ) v = m A v A + m B v B
v=
mA v A + mB v B
mA + mB
Velocities relative to the mass center:
vA = v A v = v A
vB = v B v = v B
m ( v vB )
mA v A + mB v B
= B A
mA + mB
mA + mB
m ( v vB )
mA v A + mB v B
= A A
mA + mB
mA + mB
Energies:
Energies from tests:

Serverities:
EA =
m m2 ( v v B ) ( v A v B )
1
mA vA vA = A B A
2
2
2 ( mA + mB )
EB =
m2 m ( v v B ) ( v A v B )
1
mB vB vB = A B A
2
2
2 ( mA + mB )
( E A )0
1
mAv02 ,
2
( EB )0
1
mBv02
2
SA =
m2 ( v v B ) ( v A v B )
EA
= B A
( E A )0
( mA + mB )2 v02
SB =
m2 ( v v B ) ( v A v B )
EB
= A A
( E B )0
( mA + mB )2 v02
Ratio :
SA
m2
= B2
SB
mA
(a) A strikes B and C simultaneously.

During the impact, the contact impulses make 30 angles with the velocity v 0
v B = vB ( cos 30i + sin 30 j)
Thus,
vC = vC ( cos 30i sin 30 j)

By symmetry,
v A = v Ai
mv 0 = mv A + mv B + mvC
y component:
0 = 0 + mvB sin 30 mvC sin 30
x component:
mv0 = mv A + mvB cos 30 + mvC cos 30
vB + vC =
Conservation of energy:
v0 v A
2
=
( v0 vA ) ,
o
cos 30
3
vC = vB
vB = vC =
v0 v A
3
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
mv0 = mv A + mvB + mvC
2
2
2
2
2
( v0 vA )2
3
2
2
v02 v A2 = ( v0 v A )( v0 + v A ) = ( v0 v A )
3
2
1
5
1
v0 + v A = ( v0 v A )
v0 = v A
v A = v0
3
3
3
5
v02 = v A2 +
vB = vC =
6
5 3
v0 =
2 3
v0
5
v A = 0.200v0
v B = 0.693v0
30
(b) A strikes B before it strikes C.

First impact; A strikes B.
During the impact, the contact impulse makes a 30 angle with the velocity v 0.
v B = vB ( cos 30i + sin 30 j)
Thus,
mv 0 = mv A + mv B
Conservation of momentum.
y component:
0 = m ( vA ) y + mvB sin 30
x component:
v0 = m ( vA ) x + mvB cos 30
( vA ) y
( vA ) x
= vB sin 30
= v0 vB cos 30
1 2 1
1
1
2
2
mv0 = m ( vA ) x + m ( vA ) y + mvB2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
= m ( v0 vB cos 30 ) + ( vB sin 30 ) + vB2
2
2
2
1
= m v02 2v0vB cos 30 + vB2 cos 2 30 + vB2 sin 2 30 + vB2
2
vB = v0 cos 30 =
( vA ) y
3
v0 ,
2
( vA ) x
= v0 sin 2 30 =
= v0 cos 30 sin 30 =
1
v0 ,
4
3
v0
4
Second impact: A strikes C.

During the impact, the contact impulse makes a 30o angle with the velocity v 0.
Thus,
vC = vC ( cos 30i sin 30 j)

mvA = mv A + mvC
x component:
m ( vA ) x = m ( v A ) x + mvC cos 30,
( vA ) x
y component:
m ( vA ) y = m ( v A ) y
( vA ) y
1
v0 vC cos 30
4
mvC sin 30
= ( vA ) x vC cos 30 =
= ( vA ) y + vC sin 30 =
3
v0 + vC sin 30
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
m ( vA ) x + m ( vA ) y = m ( v A ) x + m ( v A ) y + mvC2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1 2
3 2 1 1
3

m v0 +
v0 = m v0 vC cos 30 +
v0 + vC sin 30 + vC2
2 16
16 2 4
4
1 1 2 1
m
v0 v0vC cos 30 + vC2 cos 2 30
2 16
2
+
3 2
3
v0
v0vC sin 30 + vC2 sin 2 30 + vC2
16
2
3
0 = v0vC cos 30 +
sin 30 + 2vC2
2
2
3
3
vC = v0 cos 30 +
v0
sin 30 =
4
4
4
1
3
1
v0
v0 cos 30 = v0
4
4
8
( vA ) x
( vA ) y
3
3
3
v0 +
v0 sin 30 =
v0
4
4
8
v A = 0.250v0
60
v B = 0.866v0
30
vC = 0.433v0
30
(a) Velocity of B at maximum elevation. At maximum elevation ball B is at rest relative to cart A. v B = v A
Use impulse-momentum principle.
mAv0 + 0 = mAv A + mBvB = ( mA + mB ) vB
x components:
vB =
mAv0
mA + mB
(b) Conservation of energy:
T1 =
1
mAv02 ,
2
T2 =
1
1
1
mA2 v02
mAv A2 + mB vB2 = ( mA + mB ) vB2 =
2
2
2
2 ( mA + mB )
V1 = 0
V2 = mB gh
T2 + V2 = T1 + V1
mA2 v02
1
+ mB gh = mAv02
2 ( mA + mB )
2
h=
1
mA2 v02
2
mAv0
mA + mB
2mB g
h=
mA
v02

mA + mB 2 g
v 0 = v0 ( cos 30 i sin 30 j)
Velocity vectors:
v0 = 15 ft/s
v A = v A j
v B = vB ( sin 30 i cos 30 j)
vC = vC ( cos 30 i + sin 30 j)
Divide by m and resolve into components.
i: v0 cos 30 = vB sin 30 + vC cos 30
j: v0 sin 30 = v A vB cos 30 + vC sin 30
Solving for vB and vC ,
vB =
1
2
vC =
1
( v0 + v A )
2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2
2
2
2
Divide by
3
( v0 vA )
2
m and substitute for vB and vC .
v02 = v A2 +
3
1
( v0 vA )2 + ( v0 + vA )2
4
4
= 2v A2 + v02 v0v A
vA =
1
v0 = 7.5 ft/s
2
3
(15 7.5) = 6.4952 ft/s
2
1
vC = (15 + 7.5 ) = 11.25 ft/s
2
vB =
v A = 7.50 ft/s
vB = 6.50 ft/s
vC = 11.25 ft/s
v 0 = v0 ( cos 45 i + sin 45 j)
Velocity vectors:
v0 = 15 ft/s
v A = vA j
v B = vB ( sin 60 i cos 60 j)
vC = vC ( cos 60 i + sin 60 j)
i: v0 cos 45 = vB sin 60 + vC cos 60
j: v0 sin 45 = v A vB cos 60 + vC sin 60
Solving for vB and vC ,
vB = 0.25882v0 0.5v A
vC = 0.96593v0 0.86603v A
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2
2
2
2
Divide by m and substitute for vB and vC .

2
v02 = v A2 + ( 0.25882v0 + 0.5v A ) + ( 0.96593v0 0.86603v A )
= v02 + 1.4142v0v A + 2v A2
v A = 0.70711v0 = 10.607 ft/s
v A = 10.61 ft/s
vB = 0.61237v0 = 9.1856 ft/s
vB = 9.19 ft/s
vC = 0.35356v0 = 5.303 ft/s
vC = 5.30 ft/s
sin =
1
,
3
cos =
8
,
3
= 19.471
v 0 = v0 j
Velocity vectors
v A = v A ( cos i sin j)
v B/ A = uB ( sin i cos j)
v B = v A + v B/ A
vC = vC j
mv 0 = mv A + mv B + mvC = 2mv A + mv B/ A + mvC
i: 0 = 2v A cos u B sin
j : v0 = +2v A sin + uB cos vC

vA =
Solving for v A and u B ,
1
( v0 + vC )
6
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2
2
2
2
=
Divide by
1
2
u B = 0.94281( v0 + vC )
1 2 1
1
mv A + m v A2 + uB2 + mvC2
2
2
2
m and substitute for v A and uB .
v02
2
2
2
1
= 2 ( v0 + vC ) + ( 0.94281) ( v0 + vC ) + vC2
6
v02 vC2 = 0.94445 ( v0 + vC )
v A = 0.17143v0
vC = 0.02857v0
v A = [0.17143v0
uB = 0.96975v0
19.471] ,
v B/ A [ 0.96975v0
vC = 0.0286v0
v A = 0.1714v0
19.5
v B = 0.985
80.1
19.471]
v B = v A + v B/ A
sin =
1
,
3
cos =
8
,
3
= 19.471
C strikes B.
mv 0 = mvB + mv C
vB = v0 vC
or
1 2 1
1
2
mv0 = m ( vB ) + mvC2
2
2
2
2
v02 = ( v0 vC ) + vC2
vC = 0
vB = v0
Cord becomes taut.

Velocity vectors:
v A = vA
v B/ A = uB
mvB = mv A + mv A + mv B/ A
+
: vB sin = 2v A
vA =
1
1
vB sin = v0
2
6
vA =
(a)
: vB cos = uB
1
v B = v0
6
19.471 + [ 0.94281v0
v B = [ 0.95743 v0
uB = vB cos =
v0
6
19.5
v0
3
19.471]
80.8]
v B = 0.957v0
80.5
vC = 0
T1 =
1 2
mv0
2
T2 =
1 2 1 2 1 2
mv A + mvB + mvC
2
2
2
(b)
Fraction lost:
2
1
1 2 1
2
mv0 + (.95743) + 0 = mv02 ( 0.94444 )
2
6
2
T1 T2 1 0.94444
=
= 0.05555
T1
1
Fraction of energy lost = 0.0556
(a) Use part (a) of sample Problem 14.4 with mA = mB = m.
v=
m
1
v0 = v0
m+m
2
v A = vB =
1
v0
2
(b) Consider initial position and position when = 0 again.

Conservation of momentum
mv0 = mAv A + mB vB
vB + v A = v0
(1)
Conservation of energy
1
1
1
mv02 = mv A2 + mvB2
2
2
2
Substituting (1) into (2),
(2)
1
1
1
m(v A + vB )2 = mv A2 + mvB2
2
2
2
mv AvB = 0
Either v A = 0
with
vB = v0
vB = 0
with
v A = v0
or
(c) Consider positions when = max and = min .
Since vB/ A = 0 at these states
vB = v A
Conservation of momentum
mv0 = mv A + mvB
vB = v A =
1
v0
2
Conservation of energy would show that the elevation of B is the same for = max and = min .
Both A and B keep moving to the right with A and B stopping intermittently.
Relative velocity and acceleration.
v B = v A + v B/ A = [vA
] + [vB/A
30 ]
a B = a A + a B/ A = [aA
] + [aB/A
30 ]
Draw free body diagrams and apply Newtons second law.

Block:
F = ma :
N1 mB g cos 30 = mB a A sin 30
(1)
F = ma :
N1 sin 30 = mB aB/ A cos 30 mB a A
(2)
F = ma :
N1 sin 30 = mA a A
(3)
Wedge:
Rearranging (1), (2), and (3) and applying numerical data,
N1 + (6sin 30)a A = (6)(9.81) cos 30
(1)
(sin 30) N1 + 6 a A (6cos 30)aB/ A = 0
(2)
(sin 30) N1 10a A = 0
(3)
N1 = 44.325 N,
a A = 2.2163 m/s 2 ,
aB/ A = 6.8243 m/s 2
Sliding motion of block relative to wedge.
(vB/ A )2
2
= aB/ A sB/ A
vB/ A = 2aB/ A sB/ A = (2) (6.8243) (1.0) = 3.6944 m/s
t=
v B/A 3.6944
=
= 0.54136 s
aB/A 6.8243
Motion of wedge.
v A = a A t = (2.2163) (0.54136) = 1.1998 m/s

(a) Velocity of B relative to A.
(b) Velocity of A
v B/ A = 3.69 m/s
. v A = 1.200 m/s
30
There are no external forces. Momentum is conserved.
(a) Moments about D
vC =
0.9 ( mA + mB )
0.9mA
v0
vB = ( 0.5 )(12 ) ( 2.5 ) = 3.50
1.8mC
1.8mC
Moments about C
vD =
0.9mAv0 = 1.8mC vC + 0.9 ( mA + mB ) vB
vC = 3.50 m/s
0.9mAv0 = 0.9 ( mA + mB ) vB + 1.8mDvD
0.9mAv0 0.9 ( mA + mB )
vB = ( 0.25 )(12 ) ( 0.5 )( 2.5 ) = 1.750m/s

1.8mD
1.8mD
vD = 1.750 m/s
(b) Initial kinetic energy:
T1 =
1
1
2
mA v02 = 7.5 (12 ) = 540 N m
2
2
1
1
1
(mA + mB ) vB2 + mC vC2 + mDvD2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
= 15 ( 2.5 ) + 7.5 ( 3.5 ) + 15 (1.750 ) = 115.78 N m
2
2
2
T2 =
Energy lost:
540 115.78 = 424.22 N m

Fraction of energy lost =
424.22
= 0.786
540
(T1 T2 )
T1
= 0.786
There are no external forces. Momentum is conserved.
(a)
vC =
0.9mA
0.9mB
v0
vB = ( 0.5 )(12 ) ( 0.5 )( 3.5 ) = 4.25
1.8mC
1.8mC
(b)
vC = 4.25 m/s
0.9mAv0 = 1.8mDvD + 0.9mBvB
Moments about C
vD =
0.9mAv0 = 1.8mC vC + 0.9mBvB
Moments about D
0.9mA
0.9mB
v0
vB = ( 0.25 )(12 ) ( 0.25 )( 3.5 ) = 2.125 m/s
1.8mD
1.8mD
vD = 2.13 m/s
T1 =
1
1
2
mAv02 = 7.5 (12 ) = 540 N m
2
2
1
1
1
mBvB2 + mC vC2 + mD vD2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
= 7.5 ( 3.5 ) + 7.5 ( 4.25 ) + 15 ( 2.125 ) = 147.54 N m
2
2
2
T2 =
540 147.54 = 392.46 N m
Energy lost:
Fraction of energy lost =
392.46
= 0.727
540
(T1 T2 )
T1
= 0.727
(a)
Linear and angular momentum.

L = m A v A + mB v B = mv0i + 0
L = mv0i
HG =
2l
l
j (mv0i) + ( j) 0i
3
3
Motion of mass center G. Since there is no external force,
L = mA v A + mB v B = mv0i = constant
3mv = mv0i
v=
1
v0i
3
Motion about mass center.
HG = HG = ri mi vi = rA (mA vA ) + rB (mB vB )
where rA =
vA =
2
1
lj, rB = lj
3
3
2 &
1
l i, vB = l&i
3
3
1
2 2
1 1
Thus, HG = lj ml&i + lj 2m l&i

3
3
3
3
3
2
= ml 2&k
3
But HG is constant.
2
2
ml 2 k = lmv0k
3
3
vA =
2 & 2
l = v0
3
3
vB =
1 & 1
l = v0
3
3
& =
v0
l
2
HG = lmv0k
3
(b)
After 180 rotation.
v A = v + vA =
1
2
v0i v0i
3
3
1
v A = v0i
3
v B = v + vB =
1
1
v0i + v0i
3
3
vB =
2
v0i
3
Masses:
mA =
125
= 3.882 lb s 2 /ft,
32.2
mB = 2mA ,
mC = 3mA .
Conservation of angular momentum about O.
rA = 240i + 240 j + 2160k
v A = (v A ) x i + (v A ) y j + (v A ) z k
rB = 600i + 1320 j + 3240k
v B = 500i + 1100 j + 2200k
rC = 480i 960 j + 1920k
vC = 400i + (vC ) y j + (vC ) z k
Since the three parts pass through O, the angular momentum about O is zero. H 0 = 0
H 0 = rA mA v A + rB mB v B + rC mC vC = 0
mA[rA v A + 2rB v B + 3rC vC ] = 0
Dividing by mA and using determinant form,
i
j
k
i
j
k
i
j
k
240 240 2160 + 1200 2640 6480 + 1440 2880 5760
(v A ) x (v A ) y (v A ) z
500 1100 2200
400 (vC ) y (vC ) z
= [240(v A ) z 2160(v A ) y ] i + [2160(v A ) x 240(v A ) z ] j
+ [240(v A ) y 240(v A ) x ] k 1.320 106 i + 0.6 106 j
+ 0 k + [ 2880(vC ) z 5760(vC ) y ]i
+ [1440(vC ) z 2.304 106 ] j + [1440(vC ) y 1.152 106 ]k = 0
Dividing by 240 and equating to zero the coefficients of i, j, and k,
i : (v A ) z 9(v A ) y 5500 12(vC ) z 24(vC ) y = 0
(1)
j: 9(v A ) x (v A ) z 7100 + 6(vC ) z = 0
(2)
k : (v A ) y (v A ) x 6(vC ) y 4800 = 0
(3)
Conservation of linear momentum.
mA v A + mB vC + mC vC = (mA + mB + mC ) v 0
mA ( v A + 2 v C + 3v C ) = 6m A ( v 0 )
Dividing by mA and substituting given data,
(v A ) x i + (v A ) y j + (v A ) z k + (2)(500i + 1100 j + 2200k ) + (3)[400i + (vC ) y j + (vC ) z k ] = (6)(1500)k

Separating into components,
i : (v A ) x + 1000 1200 = 0
(4)
j: (v A ) y + 2200 + 3(vC ) y = 0
(5)
k : (v A ) z + 4400 + 3(vC ) z = 9000
(6)
From (4),
(v A ) x = 200 ft/s
Solving (3) and (5) simultaneously,
(v A ) y = 200 ft/s
(vC ) y = 800 ft/s

(v A ) z = 1300 ft/s
(vC ) z = 1100 ft/s
v A = (200 ft/s)i + (200 ft/s) j + (1300 ft/s)k
Let the system consist of spheres A and B.

State 1. Instant cord DC breaks.
3
1
m ( v A )1 = mv0
i j
2
2
3
1
m ( v B )1 = mv0
i j
2
2
L1 = m ( v A )1 + m ( v B )1 = mv0 j
v=
L1
1
= v0 j
2m
2
Mass center lies at point G as shown.
3
3
lj ( mv A )1 +
lj ( mv B )1
2
2
3
= lmv0k
2
( HG )1 =
T1 =
1 2 1 2
mv0 + mv0 = mv02
2
2
State 2. The cord is taut. Conservation of linear momentum:
1
v D = v = v0 j
2
(a)
Let
( v A )2
= v + uA
vD = 0.500v0
and
vB = v + uB
L 2 = 2mv + mu A + mu B = L1
u B = u A
( H G )2
uB = u A
= lmu Ak + lmuBk = 2lmu Ak
(b) Conservation of angular momentum:
( HG )2 = ( HG )1
2lmu Ak =
3
lmv0k
2
u A = uB =
3
v0
4
u = 0.750v0
1
1
1
( 2m ) v 2 + mu A2 + muB2
2
2
2
1
9
9 13 2
1
= mv02 +
+
mv0
=
2
2
16
16
16
T2 =
(c) Fraction of energy lost:
13
T1 T2 1 16
3
=
=
T1
1
16
T1 T2
= 0.1875
T1
The system is spheres A and B and the ring D.
v A = v0 ( cos 30i sin 30 j)
Initial velocities:
v B = v0 ( cos 30i sin 30 j)

vD = 0
Locate the mass center.

4m r0 = mrA + mrB
= ml ( sin 30i + cos30 j) + ml ( sin 30i cos 30j)
1
r0 = li
4
Velocity of mass center.
4mv = mv A + mv B
= mv0 ( cos 30i sin 30 j) + mv0 ( cos 30i sin 30 j)
1
v = v0 j
4
(a) Motion of mass center
r = r0 + vt
1
1
r = li v0 tj
4
4
(b)
HG = rA/G mv A + rB/G mv B
1
= l i + l cos 30 j ( cos 30 i sin 30 j) mv0

4
+ l i l cos 30 j ( cos 30 i sin 30 j) mv0

4
HG =
(c)
T =
1 2 1 2
mv A + mvB = mv02
2
2
7
lmv0k
4
T = mv02
Let m be the mass of one ball.

Conservation of linear momentum: (mv) = (mv)0
mv A + mv B + mvC = m( v A )0 + m( v B )0 + m( vC )0
Dividing by m and applying numerical data,
(0.5 ft/s)i + [(3.75 ft/s)i + (vB ) y j] + [(vC ) x i + (vC ) y j] = (6.5 ft/s)i + 0 + 0

Components:
x: 0.5 + 3.75 = (vC ) x + 6.5
(vC ) x = 2.25 ft/s
y: (vB ) y + (vC ) y = 0
(1)
Conservation of angular momentum about O:

[r (mv)] = [r (mv 0 )]
where rA = 0,
rB = 0,
rC = (1.5 ft)(cos 30i + sin 30 j)
(1.5)( cos 30i + sin 30j) [m(vC ) x i + m(vC ) y j] = 0

Since their cross product is zero, the two vectors are parallel.
(vC ) y = (vC ) x tan 30 = 2.25 tan 30 = 1.2990 ft/s

From (1), (vB ) y = 1.2990 ft/s
(vB ) y = 1.299 ft/s

vC = (2.25 ft/s)i + (1.299 ft/s) j
Let m be the mass of one ball.

Conservation of linear momentum: (mv) = (mv)0
mv A + mv B + mvC = m( v A )0 + (mv B )0 + (mvC )0

Dividing by m and applying numerical data,
0 + [(6 ft/s)i + (vB ) y j] + [(vC ) x i + (vC ) y j] = (8 ft/s)i + 0 + 0

Components:
x: 6 + (vC ) x = 8
(vC ) x = 2 ft/s
y: (vB ) y + (vC ) y = 0
(1)

[r (mv)] = [r (mv 0 )]
where rA = 0,
rB = 0,
rC = (1.5 ft)(cos 45i + sin 45 j)
(1.5)(cos 45i + sin 45 j) [m(vC ) x i + m(vC ) y j] = 0

Since their cross product is zero, the two vectors are parallel.
(vC ) y = (vC ) x tan 45 = 2 tan 45 = 2 ft/s

From (1), (vB ) y = 2 ft/s
(vB ) y = 2.00 ft/s

vC = (2.00 ft/s)i + (2.00 ft/s) j
WA WB
WA
W
v A + B vB
+
v0 =
g
g
g
g
Conservation of linear momentum:
7.2 ( 5.76i + 1.44 j) = 4.8 v A j + 2.4 ( vB ) x i + 2.4 ( vB ) y j
After multiplying by g,
i: 41.472 = 2.4 ( vB ) x
( vB ) x
= 17.28 ft/s
j: 10.348 = 4.8v A 2.4 ( vB ) y
( vB ) y
= 4.32 2v A
uA =
Speeds relative to the mass center:
uB =
T1 =
T1 =
1
1
( l ) = ( 3)(8) = 8 ft/s
3
3
2
2
( l ) = ( 3)(8) = 16 ft/s
3
3
1 WA WB
1 WA 2 1 WB 2
2
2
+
uA +
uB
( v0 ) x + ( v0 ) y +
g
2 g
2 g
2 g
1 7.2
1 4.8 2 1 2.4
2
2
2
5.76 + 1.44 +
(8) +
(16 ) = 18.2517 ft lb
2 32.2
2 32.2
2 32.2
T2 =
T2 =
1 WA 2 1 WB
1W
vA +
( vB )2x + B ( vB )2y
2 g
2 g
2 g
1 4.8 2 1 2.4
1 2.4
2
2
vA +
(17.28 ) +
( 4.32 2v A )
2 32.2
2 32.2
2 32.2
= 0.2236v A2 0.6440v A + 11.8234
(a)
( vB ) y
T1 = T2
0.2236v A2 0.6440v A 6.4283 = 0,
v A = 6.9919 ft/s
= 4.32 ( 2 )( 6.9919 ) = 9.6638 ft/s
v B = (17.28 ft/s ) i ( 9.6638 ft/s ) j
v A = 6.99 ft/s
v B = 19.80 ft/s
29.2
( H O )1 = y0 ( mA + mB ) ( v0 ) x + H G
W
W
W l
W 2l
= y0 A + B ( v0 ) x + B u A + B uB
g
g 3
g 3
g
7.2
4.8
2.4
= ( 7.44 )
( 5.76 ) +
(1.0 )( 8 ) +
( 2.0 )(16 ) = 6.0047 ft lb s
32.2
32.2
32.2
( H O )2
= mAv Aa + mB ( vB ) y b =
WA
W
v Aa + B (vB ) y b
g
g
4.8
2.4
=
(6.9919)a +
(9.6638)(24) = 1.0423a 17.2868
32.2
32.2
( H O )2 = ( H O )1
(b)
1.0423a 17.2868 = 6.0047

a = 10.82 ft
a = 10.82 ft

WA WB
WA
W
v A + B vB
+
v0 =
g
g
g
g
9
6
3
v0 =
( 7.68j) +
(10.8i 6.72 j)
32.2
32.2
32.2
v 0 = ( 3.6 ft/s ) i + ( 2.88 ft/s ) j
v 0 = 4.61 ft/s
(a)
38.7
Let l A be the distance from G to A and lB be the distance from G to B.

WA
W
W
l A = B lB
lB = A l A = 2l A
or
g
g
WB
Let be the spin rate.
1 W
W
1 WA
1W
T1 = A + B v02 +
( l A )2 + B ( lB )2
g
2 g
2 g
2 g
T1 =
1 9
1 6
1 3
2
2
2
2
3.6 + 2.88 +
( l A ) +
( 2l A )
2 32.2
2 32.2
2 32.2
= 2.9703 + 0.27950 ( l A )
T2 =
1 WA 2 1 WB 2
vA +
vB
2 g
2 g
1 6
1 3
2
2
2
( 7.68 ) +
10.8 + 6.72 = 13.0324
2 32.2
2 32.2
T2 = T1 .
T2 =
13.0324 = 2.9703 + 0.27950 ( l A )

( l A ) = 6.000 ft/s
W
W
W
W
( H O )1 = A + B x0 ( v0 ) y y0 ( v0 ) x + A l A ( l A ) + B lB ( lB )
g
g
g
g
9
6 2
3
=
0 ( 7.5 )( 3.6 ) +
l A +
( 2l A )( 2l A )
32.2
32.2
32.2
( )
( )
= 7.5466 + 0.55901 l A2 = 7.5466 + ( 3.3540 )( l A )
( H O )2
WA
W
6
3
v A a + B ( vB ) y b =
( 7.68 )( 5.58 ) +
( 6.72 )( 21.6 )
g
g
32.2
32.2
= 5.5382 ft lb s
=
( H O )2 = ( H O )1 : 5.5382 = 7.5466 + 3.3540l A

(b)
(c)
lB = 2l A = 1.200 ft
l A = 0.600 ft
l = l A + lB
l A
6.00
=
= 10.00
0.600
lA
l = 1.800 ft
= 10.00 rad/s
Velocities in m/s. Lengths in meters. Assume masses are 1.0 for each ball.
( v A )0
Before impacts:
= v0i = 4i,
= ( v C )0 = 0
v B = ( vB ) x i + ( vB ) y j,
v A = 1.92 j,
After impacts:
( v B )0
vC = vC i
v 0 = v A + v B + vC

i: 4 = 0 + ( vB ) x + vC
j: 0 = 1.92 + ( vB ) y + 0
( vB ) x
= 4 vC
( vB ) y
= 1.92
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
v0 = v A + vB + vC
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
( 4 )2 = (1.92 )2 + (1.92 )2 + ( 4 vC )2 + vC2
2
2
2
2
2
vC2 4vC + 3.6864 = 0

vC =
( 4 )2 ( 4 )( 3.6864 )
2
= 2 0.56 = 2.56
or
1.44
Conservation of angular momentum about B:
0.75v0 = (1.8 a ) v A + cvC

cvC = ( 0.75 )( 4 ) (1.8 1.65 )(1.92 ) = 2.712
c=
2.712
vC
If vC = 1.44,
c = 1.8833
If vC = 2.56,
c = 1.059
Then,
( vB ) x
= 4 2.56 = 1.44,
off the table. Reject
v B = 1.44i + 1.92 j
Summary.
(a)
v B = 2.40 m/s
53.1
vC = 2.56 m/s
(b)
c = 1.059 m
Velocities in m/s. Lengths in meters. Assume masses are 1.0 for each ball.
( v A )0
Before impacts:
= v0i = 5i,
= ( v C )0 = 0
v B = ( vB ) x i + ( vB ) y j,
v A = v A j,
After impacts:
( v B )0
vC = 3.2i
v 0 = v A + v B + vC

i:
5 = 0 + ( vB ) x + 3.2
j:
0 = v A + ( v B ) y + 0
( vB ) x
( vB ) y
= 1.8
= vA
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
v0 = v A + vB + vC
2
2
2
2
1 2 1
1
1
1
( 5) = ( v A )2 + (1.8)2 + ( vA )2 + ( 3.2 )2
2
2
2
2
2
v A2 = 5.76
(a)
( vB ) y
= 2.4
v A = 2.4
v B = 1.8i + 2.4 j
v A = 2.40 m/s
v B = 3.00 m/s
53.1
Conservation of angular momentum about B:
0.75v0 = (1.8 a ) v A + cvC

av A = 1.8v A + cvC 0.75v0
= (1.8 )( 2.4 ) + (1.22 )( 3.2 ) ( 0.75 )( 5 ) = 4.474

(b)
a=
4.474 4.474
=
vA
2.4
a = 1.864 m

Use a frame of reference that is translating with the mass center G of the system. Let v 0 be its velocity.
v 0 = v0 i
The initial velocities in this system are ( vA )0, ( vB )0 and ( vC )0 , each having a magnitude of l . They are
directed 120 apart. Thus,
( vA )0 + ( vB )0 + ( vC )0
(a)
=0

m ( vA )0 + m ( vB )0 + m ( vC )0 = m ( v A v 0 ) + m ( v B v 0 ) + m ( vC v 0 )
0 = ( v A j v0i ) + ( vB j v0i ) + ( vC i v0i )

Resolve into components.
i:
vC 3v0 = 0
j:
v A vB = 0
v0 =
1
1
vC = ( 4.5)
3
3
v 0 = 1.500 m/s
vB = v A = 2.6 m/s
Conservation of angular momentum about G:
HG = 3ml 2 k = rA m ( v A v 0 ) + rB ( v B v 0 ) + rC ( vC v 0 )
3l 2 k = ( rA rB ) ( v A j) + rC ( vC i ) ( rA + rB + rC )( v0i )
= a i ( v A j) + ( d j) ( vC i ) = ( av A + dvC ) k
1
( 0.260 )( 2.6 ) + ( 0.150 )( 4.5 ) = 0.45033 m 2 /s
3
1
3
T1 = 3 ml 2 2 = ml 2 2
2
2
l 2 =
v A v 0 = 2.6 j 1.5i
v A v 0 = 3.00 m/s
v B v 0 = 2.6 j 1.5i
v B v 0 = 3.00 m/s
vC v 0 = 4.5i 1.5i
vC v 0 = 3.00 m/s
T2 =
1
1
1
2
2
2
m ( v A v 0 ) + m ( v B v 0 ) + m ( vC v 0 )
2
2
2
T1 = T2
3 2 2 1
1
1
2
2
2
ml = m ( 3) + m ( 3) + m ( 3)
2
2
2
2
l = 3 m/s
(b)
(c)
l =
l 2
0.45033 m 2 /s
=
= 0.1501 m
l
3 m/s
l
3 m/s
=
l
0.1501
l = 150.1 mm
= 19.99 rad/s
Use a frame of reference that is translating with the mass center G of the system. Let v 0 be its velocity.
v 0 = v0i
The initial velocities in this system are ( vA )0, ( vB )0, and ( vC )0, each having a magnitude of l. They are
directed 120 apart. Thus,
( vA )0 + ( vB )0 + ( vC )0
=0
m ( v A )0 + m ( vB )0 + m ( vC )0 = m ( v A v 0 ) + m ( v B v 0 ) + m ( vC v 0 )
0 = ( v A j v0i ) + ( vB j v0i ) + ( vC i v0i )

i: vC 3v0 = 0
vC = 3v0 = ( 3)( 0.4 ) = 1.2 m/s
j: v A vB = 0
vB = v A
T1 = 3 mv02 + 3 ml 2 2
2
T2 =
T2 = T1
v A2 =
(a)
1 2 1 2 1 2
1
mv A + mvB + mvC = mv A2 + mvC2
2
2
2
2
Solve for v A2 .
3 2 3
1
3
3
1
2
2
2
2
v0 + ( l ) vC2 = ( 0.4 ) + ( 0.75 ) (1.2 )
2
2
2
2
2
2
= 0.36375 m 2 /s 2 ,
v A = 0.6031 m/s
v A = 0.603 m/s
v B = 0.603 m/s
v C = 1.200 m/s
Use a frame of reference moving with velocity v 0.

Conservation of angular momentum about G.
HG = 3ml 2 k = rA m ( v A v 0 ) + rB m ( v B v 0 ) + rC m ( vC v 0 )
3l 2 k = ( rA rB ) ( v A j) + rC ( vC i ) ( rA + rB + rC )( v0i )
3l ( l ) k = ai ( v A j) + ( d j) ( vC i ) = ( av A + dvC ) k
( 3)( 0.075)( 0.75) = 0.130vA + d (1.200 )

(b)
d = 0.1406 ( 0.1083)( 0.603) = 0.0753 m
d = 75.3 mm
Mass flow rate. As the fluid moves from section 1 to section 2 in time t, the mass m moved is
m = A(l )
dm m A(l )
=
=
= Av1
dt
t
t
Then,
Data:
= 1000 kg/m3,
A = 500 mm 2 = 500 106 m 2 ,
v1 = 25 m/s
dm
= (1000)(500 106 )(25) = 12.5 kg/s
dt

: (m)v1 Pt = 0
P=
m
dm
v=
v
dt
t
P = (12.5)(25)
P = 312 N
Consider velocities measured with respect to the plate, which is moving

with velocity V. The velocity of the stream relative to the plate is
u = v1 V
(1)
Mass flow rate. As the fluid moves from section 1 to section 2 in time t,
the mass m moved is
m = A(l )
Then
dm m A(l )
=
=
= Au
dt
t
t
(2)
(m)u P(t ) = 0
P=
m
dm
u=
u = Au 2
t
dt
u=
P
A
From (1),
Data:
V = v1 u = v1
P = 400 N, A = 600 mm 2 = 600 106 m 2

v1 = 30 m/s,
V = 30
P
A
= 1000 kg/m3
400
(1000)(600 106 )
V = 4.18 m/s
Let F be the force that the wedge exerts on the stream. Assume that the fluid speed is constant.
v = 60 ft/s.
Q = 475 gal/min = 1.0583 ft 3/s
Volumetric flow rate:
dm
62.4
= Q =
slug/ft 3 1.0584 ft 3/s = 2.051 slug/s
dt
32.2
Mass flow rate:
v = v i,
Velocity vectors:
v1 = v ( cos 30 i + sin 30 j)
v 2 = v ( cos 45 i sin 45 j)
Impulse momentum principle:
( m ) v + F ( t ) =
F=
=
m
m
v1 +
v2
2
2
1
m 1
v1 + v 2 v
2
t 2
dm 1
1
v ( cos 30 i + sin 30 j) + ( cos 45 i sin 45 j) i

dt 2
2
= ( 2.051)( 60 ft/s )( 0.21343i 0.10355j)

= ( 26.26 lb ) i (12.74 lb ) j
Force that the stream exerts on the wedge:
F = ( 26.26 lb ) i + (12.74 lb ) j
drag = 26.3 lb
lift = 12.74 lb
For a fixed observer, the upstream velocity is v = ( 48 ft/s ) i.

Volumetric flow rate: Q = 500 gal/min = 1.1141 ft 3/s
dm
62.4
slug/ft 3 1.1141 ft 3/s = 2.1590 slug/s

= Q =
dt
32.2
Use a frame of reference that is moving with the wedge to the left at 12 ft/s. In this frame of reference the
upstream velocity vector is
u = 48i ( 12i ) = ( 60 ft/s ) i.
Mass flow rate:
dm u dm 60
=
=
( 2.1590 ) = 2.6987 slug/s.
dt
v dt
48
u1 = u ( cos 30 i + sin 30 j)
For the moving frame of reference the mass flow rate is
u = u i,
Velocity vectors:
u 2 = u ( cos 45 i sin 45 j)
Let F be the force that the wedge exerts on the stream.
Impulse-momentum principle:
( m ) u + F ( t ) =
F=
=
m
m
u1 +
u2
2
2
1
m 1
u1 + u 2 u
2
t 2
dm 1
1
u ( cos 30 i + sin 30 j) + ( cos 45 i sin 45 j) i

dt 2
2
= ( 2.6987 )( 60 )( 0.21343 i 0.10355 j)

= ( 34.6 lb ) i (16.76 lb ) j
Force that the stream exerts on the wedge
F = ( 34.6 lb ) i + (16.76 lb ) j
drag = 34.6 lb
lift = 16.76 lb
Let F be the force exerted on the chips. Apply the impulse-momentum principle to the chips. Assume that
the feed velocity is negligible.
F ( t ) = ( m ) vC
F=
m
dm
vC =
v ( cos 25 i + sin 25 j)
t
dt
10
=
( 60 )( cos 25 i + sin 25 j)
32.2
= (16.89 lb ) i + ( 7.87 lb ) j
Fx = 0:
Dx Fx = 0
Dx = 16.89 lb
Force on truck hitch at D:
Dx = 16.89 lb
Dx = 16.89 lb
( m ) v A
Initial momentum:
= 0.
Impulse momentum principle.
( Fxi + Fy j) ( t ) = ( m ) v
Fxi + Fy j =
m
dm
o
o
v=
v cos 35 i + sin 35 j
t
dt
x component:
Engine thrust = Fx =
Data:
Q = 8 m 3/min =
dm
v cos 35o
dt
8
m 3/s
60
= 1000 kg/m3
dm
8
= Q = (1000 ) = 133.333 kg/s
dt
60
Fx = (133.333)( 50 ) cos 35o = 5461 N
Fx = 5.46 kN
W = mg = (600) (9.81) = 5886 N
Weight:
Moments about F:
(m)v1(3a) + m v1 (2a) + (m) v1 a + (W t )c ( Rt ) L = 3(m)v2h
R=
Data:
L = 6 m,
1
L
m
m
cW + 6av1 t + 3hv2 t
c = 4 m,
R=
a = 1.5 m,
h = 0.8 m,
m dm
=
40 kg/s
t
dt
1
[(4) (5886) + (6) (1.5) (3) (40) (3) (0.8) (4) (40)] = 4040 N
6
R = 4040 N
u A = uB = u
Assume
Moments about O
R(m) u A k + rc x F(t ) = R (m) uBk

rc x F(t ) = R (m) (uB u A )k = 0
The line of action of F passes through point O.
Components
( m ) u A + F ( t ) sin = ( m ) uB cos
F sin =
Components
m
u (1 cos )
t
0 + F ( t ) cos = ( m ) u sin
F cos =
m
u sin
t
Dividing (2) by (1),
(1)
2sin 2
1 cos
2 = tan
tan =
=
sin
2
2sin cos
2
2
Thus point C lies at the midpoint of arc AB.
(2)
Q=
(800 )
60
dm
= Q = (1.000 kg/L )(13.333 L/s ) = 13.333 kg/s
dt
= 13.333 L/s
v B = ( 30 m/s ) j
vC = ( 30 m/s ) ( sin 40i + cos 40 j)
Apply the impulse momentum principle.
0 + Ax ( t ) = ( m )( 30sin 40 )
x components:
Ax =
m
( 30sin 40 ) = (13.333)( 30sin 40 )
t
( m ) ( 30 ) + Ay ( t ) = ( m )( 30 cos 40 )
y components:
Ay =
m
( 30 cos 40 30 ) = 13.333 ( 30cos 40 30 )
t
= 93.6 N
moments about A:
Ax = 257 N
Ay = 93.6 N
( 0.060 )( m )( 30 ) + M A ( t )
= ( 0.180 )( m )( 30cos 40 ) ( 0.300 )( m )( 30sin 40 )
1.8 ( m ) = M A ( t ) 1.6484 ( m )
MA =
m
( 3.4484 ) = (13.333)( 3.4484 ) = 46.0 N m
t
M A = 46.0 N m
A = 274 N
20.0
dm
62.4 lb/ft 3 40 ft 3/min
= Q=
= 1.29193 lb s/ft
dt
g
32.2 ft/s 2 60 s/min
Mass flow rate:
v A = vB = 75 ft/s
Use impulse - momentum principle.
moments about D :
15
23
15
( m )( v A sin 60 ) + ( m )( v A cos 60 ) C ( t )
12
12
12
3
= ( m ) vB
12
15
23
3
m 15
C =
cos 60 = (1.29193)( 75 )( 0.37420 )
v A sin 60 +
12
t
12
12
12
C = 29.006 lb
C x = 0, C y = 29.0 lb
( m ) vA cos 60 + Dx ( t ) = ( m ) vB
x component:
m
Dx =
( vB v A cos 60 ) = (1.29193)( 75 75cos 60 )
t
Dx = 48.4 lb
( m ) v A sin 60 + C ( t ) + Dy ( t ) = 0
y component:
Dy = C
m
v A sin 60 = +29.006 (1.29193)( 75 ) sin 60
t
Dy = 54.9 lb
dm
62.4
slug/ft 3 0.6684 ft 3/s = 1.2954 slug/s

= Q =
dt
32.2
Mass flow rate:
v A = vB = 90 ft/s
Use the impulse momentum principle.
( m ) vA a WP ( t ) l cos
Moments about C:
cos =
(a)
= ( m ) vBb
( 90 )( 4 /12 ) ( 90 )(1/12 ) = 0.7287

m v Aa vBb
= (1.2954 )
t
W pl
( 40 )(1)
= 43.23
= 43.2
( m ) vA + Cx ( t ) = ( m ) vB cos
x components:
Cx =
0 + C y ( t ) W p ( t ) = ( m ) vB sin
y components:
C y = Wp
(b)
m
( vB cos vA ) = (1.2954 )( 90cos 90 ) = 31.63 lb
t
m
vB sin = ( 40 ) (1.2954 )( 90 ) sin = 39.84 lb
t
C = [31.63 lb
] + [39.84 lb ]
C = 50.9 lb
51.6
dm
62.4
slug/ft 3 0.6684 ft 3/s = 1.2954 slug/s

= Q =
dt
32.2
Mass flow rate:
v A = v A = v,
= 45
Use the impulse-momentum principle.
( m ) v Aa W p ( t ) l cos
moments about C:
v A = vB =
(a)
W p l cos
( a b )( m ) / ( t )
= ( m ) vBb
( 40 )(1) cos 45
1
4
(1.2954 )
12 12
= 87.338 ft/s
v = 87.3 ft/s
( m ) vA + Cx ( t ) = ( m ) vB cos
x components:
Cx =
m
( vB cos vA ) = (1.2954 ) [87.338cos 45 87.338] = 33.137 lb
t
0 + C y ( t ) W p ( t ) = ( m ) vB sin
y components:
C y = Wp
(b)
m
vB sin = 40 (1.2954 )( 87.338 ) sin 45 = 40.0 lb
t
C = [33.137 lb
] + [ 40 lb ]
C = 51.9 lb
50.4
Symbols:
dm
= mass flow rate
dt
u = exhaust relative to the airplane
v = speed of airplane
D = drag force
( m ) v + D ( t ) = ( m ) u
m dm
D
=
=
t
dt
uv
Data:
v = 900 km/h = 250 m/s

u = 600 m/s
D = 35 kN = 35000 N
dm
35000
=
dt
600 250
dm
= 100 kg/s
dt
Let F be the force exerted on the slipstream of one engine. Then, the force exerted on the airplane is 2F as
shown.
Statics.
M B = 0
( 0.9 )W ( 4.8)( 2F ) = 0
F =
( 0.9 )( 6000 )
( 2 )( 4.8)
= 562.5 lb
Calculation of
dm
.
dt
mass = density volume = density area length

m = AB ( l ) = AB vB ( t ) =
AB vB (t )
g
m dm AB vB
=
=
t
dt
g
Force exerted on the slipstream:
F =
dm
( vB v A )
dt
Assume that v A , the speed far upstream, is negligible.

ABvB

F =
( vB 0 ) = D 2 vB2
g
g4
vB2 =
( 4 )( 562.5)( 32.2 ) = 7058.9 ft 2/s2

4Fg
=
2
2
D
( 6.6 ) ( 0.075)
v B = 84.0 ft/s
Let F be the force exerted on the slipstream of one engine.
F =
Calculation of
dm
.
dt
dm
( vB v A )
dt

m = AB ( l ) = ABvB ( t ) =
m ABvB
=
g
t
AB vB (t )
g
dm 2
= D vB
dt
g 4
or
Assume that v A , the velocity far upstream, is negligible.
F =
2
2
0.075
2
D v B ( vB 0 ) =
( 6.6 ) ( 60 ) = 286.87 lb
g4
32.2 4
2 F = 573.74 lb
The force exerted by two slipstreams on the airplane is 2F .

Statics.
M B = 0:
0.9 W 4.8 ( 2F ) 9.3 A = 0

A=
1
( 0.9 )( 6000 ) ( 4.8 )( 573.74 )
9.3
A = 285 lb
= 284.5 lb
Fx = 0: 2F Bx = 0
Bx = 2F = 573.74 lb
Fy = 0:
A + By W = 284.5 + B y ( 6000 ) = 0
By = 5715.5 lb
B = [573.74 lb
] + [5715.5 lb ]
B = 5740 lb
84.3
Use a frame of reference moving with the plane. Apply the impulse-momentum principle. Let F be the force that
the plane exerts on the air.
( m ) u A + F ( t ) = ( m ) uB
x components:
F =
m
dm
( uB u A ) = ( uB u A )
t
dt
(1)
e ( m ) u A + M B ( t ) = 0
moments about B:
MB = e
dm
uA
dt
(2)
Let d be the distance that the line of action is below B.
Data:
MB
eu A
=
F
uB u A
Fd = M B
d =
dm
= 90 kg/s,
dt
u B = 600 m/s,
(3)
e = 4m
u A = 480 km/h = 133.333 m/s
(a)
From (1),
From (2),
F = ( 90 )( 600 133.333) = 42 103 N

d =
( 4 )(133.333)
( 600 133.333)
F = 42.0 kN
d = 1.143 m
u A = 960 km/h = 266.67 m/s
(b)
From (1),
From (2),
F = ( 90 )( 600 266.67 ) = 30 103 N
d =
( 4 )( 266.67 )
( 600 266.67 )
F = 30.0 kN
d = 3.20 m
F =
The thrust on the fluid is

Calculation of
dm
.
dt
dm
( vB v A )
dt

m = AB ( l ) = AB vB ( t )
m
dm
= AB vB =
t
dt
where AB is the area of the slipstream well below the helicopter and vB is the corresponding velocity in the
slipstream. Well above the blade, v A 0.
F = AvB2
Hence,
2
2

= 1.21 kg/m 3 ( 9 m ) ( 24 m/s )
4

= 44.338 103 kg m/s 2

F = 44.3 kN
The force on the helicopter is 44.3 kN .

Weight of helicopter:
Weight of payload:
Statics:
WH = 15kN
WP = WP
Fy = F WH WP = 0
WP = F WH = 44.3 15 = 29.3 kN.
W = 29.3 kN
Let
dm
= mass flow rate, u = discharge velocity relative to the airliner, v = speed of airliner, and
dt
F = thrust of the engines.
dm
(u v ) D = 0
dt
F D=0
Configuration before control surface malfunction:
dm
720
=
= 22.36 slug/s,
dt
32.2
u = 1860 ft/s,
v1 = 560 mi/h = 821.33 ft/s
( 22.36 )(1860 821.33) D1 = 0

Drag force factor:
D1 = k1v12
k1 =
D1 = 23225 lb
D1
23225
=
= 0.03443 lb s 2 /ft 2
2
2
v1
821.33
(
)
k2 = 1.2k1 = 0.04131 lb s 2 /ft 2
After control surface malfunction:

When the new cruising speed is attained,
dm
( u v2 ) k2v22 = 0
dt
( 22.36 )(1860 v2 ) 0.04131 v22

Solving for v2,
=0
v2 = 768.6 ft/s
v2 = 524 mi/h
Apply the impulse - momentum principle to the moving air. Use a frame of reference that is moving with the
airplane. Let F be the force on the air.
v = 270 km/h = 75 m/s

u = 600 m/s
( m ) v + F ( t ) = 2
F =
( m ) u sin 20
2
m
dm
( v + u sin 20) = ( v + u sin 20)
t
dt
F = (120 )( 75 + 600sin 20 ) = 33.6 103 N

Force on airplane is F.
F = 33.6 kN
n = number engines operating
Symbols:
dm
= mass flow rate for one engine
dt
u = discharge velocity relative to jetliner = 800 m/s
v = speed of jetliner
F = thrust force = n
dm
(u v)
dt
D = drag force = kv 2
Force balance.
F D=0
dm
(u v) = kv 2
dt
v2
1 dm
=
n(u v) k dt
n = 3,
All 3 engines operating:
v = 900 km/h = 250 m/s
(250)2
1 dm
=
= 37.879 m/s
3(800 250) k dt
(a) One engine lost:
n=2
v2
= 37.879
2(800 v)
v 2 + 75.758v 60606 = 0
v = 211.2 m/s
(b) 2 engines lost:
v = 760 km/h
n=1
v2
= 37.879
800 v
v 2 + 37.879v 30303 = 0
v = 156.16 m/s
v = 562 km/h
u = (v V )
Let u be the velocity of the stream relative to the velocity of the blade.
m
= Av A
t
Mass flow rate:

(m) u Ft (t ) = (m) u cos
Ft =
m
u (1 cos ) = Av A (v A V ) (1 cos )
t
where Ft is the tangential force on the fluid.

The force Ft on the fluid is directed to the left as shown. By Newtons law of action and reaction, the
tangential force on the blade is Ft to the right.
Pout = FV
t = Av A (v A V ) V (1 cos )
Output power:
(a) V for maximum power output.

dPout
= A (v A 2V ) (1 cos ) = 0
dV
vA =
1
V
2
(b) Maximum power.
1 1
( Pout )max = Av A v A v A v A (1 cos )

2 2
( Pout )max =
Input power = rate of supply of kinetic energy of the stream
Pin =
1 1
1 m 2 1
(m)v A2 =
v A = Av3A
2
t 2
2 t
1
Av3A (1 cos )
4
(c) Efficiency.
pout
pin
Av A (v A V )V (1 cos )
1
Av3A
2
= 2 1
V V
(1 cos )
vA vA
Data:
dm
240
=
= 7.4534 slugs/s,
dt
32.2
F =
(a)
u = 2200 ft/s,
v = 570 mi/h = 836 ft/s
dm
( u v ) = ( 7.4534 )( 2200 836 ) = 10166 lb
dt
Power used to propel airplane:
P1 = Fv = (10166 )( 836 ) = 8.499 106 ft lb/s
propulsion power = 15450 hp

Power of kinetic energy of exhaust:
P2 ( t ) =
P2 =
(b)
1
( m )( u v )2
2
1 dm
1
( u v )2 = ( 7.4534 )( 2200 836 )2 = 6.934 106 ft lb/s
2 dt
2
Total power:
P = P1 + P2 = 15.433 106 ft lb/s

total power = 28060 hp
(c)
Mechanical efficiency:
P1
8.499 106
=
= 0.551
P 15.433 106
mechanical efficiency = 0.551
Kinetic energy of fluid in slipstream passing in time t.
T =
1
1
mass speed 2 = density volume speed 2
2
2
1
density area length speed 2
2
1
1
A ( l ) v 2 = Av ( t ) v 2
2
2
T
1
= Av3
t
2
Input power =
Data:
dT
1
= Av3
dt
2
= 1.2 kg/m3
A=
d2 =
( 6.5)2
= 33.183 m 2
v = 30 km/h = 8.333 m/s

(a)
1
dT
3
= (1.2 )( 33.183)( 8.333) = 11.521 103 N m/s
dt
2
11.52 kJ/s
Input power =
(b)
dT
= 11.521 kW
dt
Output power = ( 0.4 )(11.521) = 4.61 kW
output power = 4.61 kW
Kinetic energy of fluid in slipstream passing in time t.
T =
1
1
mass speed 2 =
density volume speed 2
2
2
1
density area length speed 2
2
1
1
A ( l ) v 2 = Av ( t ) v 2
2
2
T
1
= Av3
t
2
(1)
output power = 3.5 kW = 3500 W
Data:
3500
= 10000 W
0.35
input power =
dT
= input power = 10, 000 W,
dt
A=
Using (1),
(a)
v = 36 km/h = 10 m/s
( 2 )(10000 ) = 16.667 m 2
2 dT
=
3
v dt
(1.2 )(10 )3
d2 = A
d =
4A
( 4 )(16.667 )
d = 4.61 m
(b) From above,
dT
= 10.00 kJ/s
dt
Mass flow rate:
mass = density volume

= density area length
m = bd ( l ) = bdv ( t )
dm
m
=
= bdv
t
dt
1 dm
Q=
dt
= bdv
Q1 = Q2 = Q
Continuity of flow:
v1 =
Q
,
bd1
v2
Q
bd 2
Resultant pressure forces:
p1 = d1
p2 = d 2
F1 =
1
1
p1bd1 = bd12
2
2
F2 =
1
1
p2bd 2 = bd 22
2
2
Apply impulse-momentum principle to water between

sections 1 and 2.
( m ) v1 + F1 ( t ) F2 ( t ) = ( m ) v2
m
( v1 v2 ) = F2 F1
t
Q 2 ( d 2 d1 )
bd1d 2
Q
Q 1
2
2
= b d 2 d1
bd
bd
2
2
1
1
b ( d1 + d 2 )( d 2 d1 )
2
Noting that = g ,
Q=b
1
gd1d 2 ( d1 + d 2 )
2
Mass flow rate:
mass = density volume
= density area length

m = bd ( l ) = bdv ( t )
dm
m
=
= bdv
dt
t
Q=
1 dm
dt
= bdv
Q1 = Q2 = Q
Continuity of flow:
v1 =
Q
,
bd1
v2
Q
bd 2
Resultant pressure forces:
p1 = d1
p2 = d 2
F1 =
1
1
p1bd1 = bd12
2
2
F2 =
1
1
p2bd 2 = bd 22
2
2
Apply impulse-momentum principle to water between

sections 1 and 2.
( m ) v1 + F1 ( t ) F2 ( t ) = ( m ) v2
m
( v1 v2 ) = F2 F1
t
Q 2 ( d 2 d1 )
bd1d 2
Q
Q 1
2
2
= b d 2 d1
bd1 bd 2 2
1
b ( d1 + d 2 )( d 2 d1 )
2
Noting that = g ,
Q=b
Data:
1
gd1d 2 ( d1 + d 2 )
2
g = 9.81 m/s,
Q=3
b = 3 m,
d1 = 1.25 m, d 2 = 1.5 m
1
( 9.81)(1.25)(1.5)(1.25 + 1.5) = 15.09 m3/s
2
Q = 15.09 m3/s
From hydrostatics, the pressure at section 1 is p1 = rh = gh.

The pressure at section 2 is p2 = 0.
Calculate the mass flow rate using section 2.
m = A 2 ( l ) = A 2v ( t )
dm m
=
= A 2v
t
dt
Apply the impulse-momentum principle to fluid between sections 1 and 2.
( m ) v1 +
p1 A1 ( t ) = ( m ) v
dm
dm
v1 + p1 A1 =
v
dt
dt
p1 A1 =
But v1 is negligible,
dm
( v v1 ) = A2v ( v v1 )
dt
p1 = gh,
v=
and
ghA1 = A2 ( 2 gh )
or
2 gh
A1 = 2 A2
D2 = 2 d 2
4
4
d =
D

2

The flow through each arm is 1.25 gal/min.
gal 1 ft 3 1 min
3 3
Q = 5

= 11.1408 10 ft /s
min
7.48
gal
60
s
62.4 lb/ft 3
dm
= Q = Q =
11.1408 103 ft 3/s
2
dt
g
32.2 ft/s
= 21.590 103 lb s/ft

Consider the moment about O exerted on the fluid stream of one arm.
Apply the impulse-momentum principle. Compute moments about O.
First, consider the geometry of triangle OAB. Using first the law of
cosines,
( OA)2
= 62 + 42 ( 2 )( 6 )( 4 ) cos120o
OA =
76 in. = 0.72648 ft
sin
sin120o
=
4
76
Law of sines.
= 23.413o , = 60o = 36.587o

Moments about O:
( m ) ( vO ) ( 0 ) + M O ( t ) = ( OA)( m ) vs sin ( OA)( m )( OA)

MO =
m
2
OA ) vs sin ( OA )
(
2
= 21.590 103 ( 0.72648 )( 60 ) sin 36.587 ( 0.72648 )
= ( 0.56093 0.011395 )
lb ft
Moment that the stream exerts on the arm is M O .

Friction couple for one arm:
MF =
1
( 0.275) = 0.06875 lb ft
4
Balance of moments on one arm:
M F MO = 0
M F = MO
0.06875 = 0.56093 0.011395
= 43.19 rad/s = 412 rpm

= 412 rpm
Consider the conservation of the horizontal component of momentum of the railroad car of mass m0 and the
sand mass qt.
m0v0 = ( m0 + qt ) v
v=
m0v0
m0 + qt
(1)
dx
m0v0
=v=
dt
m0 + qt
x0 = 0
Integrating, using
x = L when t = t L ,
and
t
L = 0L vdt = 0L
=
ln
m0v0 m0 + qt L
ln
q
m0
m0 + qt L
qL
=
m0
m0v0
(a)
Final mass of railroad car and sand
(b)
Using (1),
m0v0
mv
dt = 0 0 ln ( m0 + qt L ) ln m0
m0 + qt
q
m0 + qt L
= e qL/m0v0
m0
m0 + qt L = m0eqL/m0v0
vL =
m0v0
mv
= 0 0 e qL/m0v0
m0 + qt L
m0
vL = v0e qL/m0v0
Apply the impulse-momentum principle.
( 0.9 )( m )v A + 3D( t ) 1.8W ( t ) = (1.65 )( m ) vB
Moments about C :
D=
=
1.8
1 m
W +
( 0.9vA 1.65vB )
3
3 t
(1.8)( 4000 ) + 1
3
(100 ) ( 0.9 )( 4.5) (1.65 )( 4.5)
= 2287.5 N
D = 2.29 kN
x components:
( m ) v A + C x ( t ) = ( m ) vB
m
Cx =
( vB v A ) = (100 )( 4.5 4.5 ) = 0
t
y components:
0 + C y ( t ) + D ( t ) W ( t ) = 0
C y = W D = 4000 2287.5 = 1712.5 N

C = 1.712 kN
Let be the mass per unit length of chain. Apply the impulse - momentum to the entire chain. Assume that the
reaction from the floor it equal to the weight of chain still in contact with the floor.
Calculate the floor reaction.
R = g (l y )
R = mg 1
l
Apply the impulse-momentum principle.
yv + P ( t ) + R ( t ) gl ( t ) = ( y + y ) v
Pt = ( y ) v + gl ( t ) R ( t )
(a)
P=
y
v + gl ( l y ) g
t
Let
y
dy
=
=v
t
dt
P = v 2 + gy
(b) From above,
P=
m 2
v + gy
l
R = mg 1
l
(a)
Let be the mass per unit length of chain. The force P supports the weight of chain still off the floor.
P = gy
(b)
P=
mgy

l
Apply the impulse-momentum principle to the entire chain.
yv + P ( t ) + R ( t ) gl ( t ) = g ( y + y ) v
R ( t ) = gl ( t ) P ( t ) g ( y ) v
R = gl gy
Let t 0. Then,
y
v
t
y
dy
=
= v
t
dt
R = g (l y ) + v2
R =
m
g ( l y ) + v 2
l
Let be the mass per unit length of chain. Consider the impulse-momentum applied to the link being brought to
rest at point C.
Calculation of m.
m = ( l ) = v ( t )
( m ) v + C t = 0
v ( t ) v + C t = 0
C = v2
Impulse momentum applied to the moving portion of the chain. Consider only the changes in momentum and
forces contributing to moments about O in the diagram.
Moments about O:
( m ) v + [ gh C ] t = ( m ) v
C = gh
Equating the two expressions for C,
v 2 = gh
h=
v2

g
Let be the mass per unit length of chain. Assume that the weight of any chain above the hole is supported by
the floor. It and the corresponding upward reaction of the floor are not shown in the diagrams.
Case 1. Apply the impulse-momentum principle to the entire chain.
yv + gy t = ( y + y )( v + v )
= yv + ( y ) v + y ( v ) + ( y )( v )
gy =
( y )( v )
y
v
v + y
+
t
t
t
gy =
Let t 0.
gy 2v = yv
Multiply both sides by yv.

Let v =
dy
on left hand side.
dt
gy 2
d
( yv )
dt
dy
d
= yv ( yv )
dt
dt
g y 2dy = ( yv ) d ( yv )
Integrate with respect to time.
1
1
2
gy 3 = ( yv )
3
2
Differentiate with respect to time.
dy
dv
d
= ( yv )
v + y
dt
dt
dt
2v
or
v2 =
2
gy
3
dv
2 dy
2
= g
= gv
dt
3 dt
3
(1)
a=
(a)
(b)
dv 1
= g
dt
3
v2 =
Set y = l in (1)
a = 0.333g
2
gl
3
v = 0.817 gl
Case 2. Apply conservation of energy using the floor as the level for from which the potential energy is
measured.
T1 = 0,
T2 =
V1 = 0
1 2
mv ,
2
V2 = gy
y
2
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
0=
Differentiating with respect to y,
(a)
Acceleration.
(b)
Setting y = l in (1),
1 2 1
mv gy 2
2
2
v2 =
2v
gy 2
m
gy 2
l
(1)
dv
2 gy
=
dy
l
a=v
dv
gy
=
dy
l
v 2 = gl
a=
v=
gy
l
gl
Note: The impulse-momentum principle may be used to obtain the force that the edge of the hole exerts
on the chain.
dW
= 750 lb/s,
dt
Thrust of one engine:
For 3 engines,
dm
1 dW
750
=
=
= 23.292 lb s/ft
dt
g dt
32.2
P=u
dm
= (12500 )( 23.292 ) = 291.15 103 lb
dt
3P = 873.4 103 lb
Thrust = 873 kips
Thrust of one engine:
P=
1200 103
= 400 103 lb.
3
But,
P=
dm
u
dt
dm
P
400 103
=
=
= 32 lb s/ft
dt
u
12500
dW
dm
= g
= ( 32.2 )( 32 ) = 1030 lb/s
dt
dt
dW
= 1030 lb/s
dt
P=
Thrust,
dm
u.
dt
F = P mg = ma
a=
dm
= 15 kg/s
dt
Data:
m = 1500 kg
As rocket is fired:
a0 =
As all the fuel is consumed:
15u
9.81 = 0.01u 9.81
1500
(1)
m1 = 1500 1200 = 300 kg.
a1 =
From the given data,
P
u dm
g =
g
m
m dt
15u
9.81 = 0.05u 9.81
300
a1 a0 = 220 m/s 2
(2)
(3)
Using (1) and (2) for a1 and a0 and substituting into (3),
0.04 u = 220
u = 5500 m/s
Thrust:
Since u and
P=u
dm
= uq
dt
dm
are constant, P is also constant.
dt
F = ma :
P mg = ma
P = m(a + g )
= mmin ( amax + g )
= (1500 )( 25 + 9.81)
= 52.215 103 N
(a) Fuel consumption rate.
q=
P 52.215 103
=
u
450
q = 116.0 kg/s
(b) Mass of fuel consumed.
mfuel = qt = (116.0 )(15.6 )

mfuel = 1810 kg
Apply the principle of impulse and momentum to the satellite plus the fuel expelled in time t.
mv = ( m m )( v + v ) + ( m )( v + v v )
= mv + m ( v ) ( m ) v ( m )( v ) + ( m ) v + ( m )( v ) ( m ) v
m ( v ) u ( m ) = 0
dm
( t )
dt
v
dv
u dm
=
=
t
dt
m dt
v1
t1 u dm
m1 dm
v0 dv = 0 m dt dt = m0 u m
m
m
v1 v0 = u ln 1 = u ln 0
m0
m1
m =
m0
v v0
= exp 1
m1
u
Data:
v1 v0 = 2430 m/s,
u = 4200 m/s
m0 = 5000 kg
5000
2430
= exp
= 1.7835
m1
4200
m1 = 2800 kg
mfuel = m0 m1 = 5000 2800
mfuel = 2200 kg
m0 = 5000 kg,
Data from Problem 14.97:
u = 4200 m/s
m1 = m0 mfuel = 5000 1500 = 3500 kg

Apply the principle of impulse and momentum to the satellite plus the fuel expelled in time t.
mv = ( m m )( v + v ) + ( m )( v + v v )
= mv + m ( v ) ( m ) v ( m )( v ) + ( m ) v + ( m )( v ) ( m ) v
m ( v ) u ( m ) = 0
m =
dm
( t )
dt
v
dv
u dm
=
=
dt
m dt
t
u dm
dm
v1
t1
m1
v1 v0 = u ln
m1
m
= u ln 0
m0
m1
v = v1 v0 = 4200 ln
5000
3500
v = 1498 m/s
Apply conservation of momentum to the rocket plus the fuel.
mv = ( m m )( v + v ) + ( m )( v + v v )
= mv + m ( v ) ( m ) v ( m )( v ) + ( m ) v + ( m )( v ) ( m ) v
m ( v ) u ( m ) = 0
m =
dm
( t )
dt
v
dv
u dm
=
=
dt
m dt
t
u dm
dm
v1
t1
m1
v1 v0 = u ln
Data:
m1
m
W
= u ln 0 = u ln 0
m0
m1
W1
v1 v0 = 360 ft/s
W0 = 11,600 lb,
360 = u ln
W1 = (11,600 1000 ) = 10,600 lb
11, 600
10, 600
u = 3990 ft/s
Apply conservation of momentum to the rocket plus the fuel.
mv = ( m m )( v + v ) + ( m )( v + v v )
= mv + m ( v ) ( m ) v ( m )( v ) + ( m ) v + ( m )( v ) ( m ) v
m ( v ) u ( m ) = 0
m =
dm
( t )
dt
v
dv
u dm
=
=
dt
m dt
t
u dm
dm
v1
t1
m1
v1 v0 = u ln
m1
m
= u ln 0
m0
m1
m0
v v0 W0
= exp 1
=
m1
u W1
Data:
v1 v0 = 450 ft/s,
u = 5400 ft/s
W0 = W1 + Wfuel = W1 + 1200 lb
W1 + 1200
450
= exp
= 1.08690
W1
5400
1200
= 0.08690
W1
W1 = 13810 lb
See sample Problem 14.8 for derivation of
v = u ln
m0
m qt
gt = u ln 0
gt
m0 qt
m0
(1)
Note that g is assumed to be constant.

Set
dy
= v in (1) and integrate with respect to time.
dt
m0
h
t
t
gt dt
h = 0 dy = 0 vdt = 0 u ln
m0 qt
m qt
1
t
= u 0 ln 0
dt gt 2
m0
2
z =
Let
h=
m0 qt
m0
dz =
q
dt
m0
or
dt =
m0
dz
q
z
m0 u z
1
m u
1
ln z dz gt 2 = 0 ( z ln z + z ) gt 2
z0
z
0
q
2
q
2
m m
1
m0 u m0 qt m0 qt
1 0 ln 0 1 gt 2
ln
q m0
m0
m0 m0
2
m0 u
qt m0 qt
1 + 1 gt 2
1
ln
q
m0
m0
2
m qt
1
m0 u m0 qt
1 + 1 ut ln 0
1 gt 2
ln
q
m0
m0
m u
m qt 1 2
= ut + 0 ut ln 0
gt
m0
2
q
m0 1 2
h = u t 0 t ln
gt
m0 qt 2
q
(2)
Data:
m0 =
q=
mfuel =
t =
W0 7300
=
= 226.7 lb s 2 /ft
g
32.2
w&
260
=
= 8.0745 lb s/ft
g 32.2
Wfuel 4000
=
= 124.22 lb s 2 /ft
g
32.2
mfuel 124.22
=
= 15.385 s
q
8.0745
m0 qt = 226.7 124.22 = 102.48 lb s 2/ft

u = 1500 ft/s
226.7 1
2
226.7
h = 1500 15.385
15.385 ln
( 32.2 )(15.385 )
8.0745
102.48 2
h = 4150 ft
dm
= uq
dt
m = m0 qt
P
uq
a=
=
m
m0 qt
P=u
Thrust force
Mass of rocket plus unspent fuel
Acceleration:
Integrating with respect to time to obtain the velocity,
t
v = v0 + 0 adt = v0 + u 0
q
dt
m0 qt
= v0 u ln ( m0 qt ) ln m0 = v0 u ln
m0 qt
m0
(1)
Integrating again to obtain the displacement,

t
s = s0 + v0t u 0 ln
Let
z =
m0 qt
m0
s = s0 + v0t +
m0 qt
dt
m0
dz =
q
dt
m0
or
dt =
m0
dz
q
m0u z
m0u
z
ln zdz = q ( z ln z z ) ]z0
q z0
= s0 + v0t +
m0 m0
m0u m0 qt m0 qt
1
1
ln
ln
q m0
m0
m0 m0

= s0 + v0t +
m0u
qt m0 qt
1 + 1
1
ln
q
mo
m0
= s0 + v0t +
m qt
m0u m0 qt
1 + 1 ut ln 0
1
ln
q
m0
m0
m u
m qt
= s0 + v0t + ut + 0 ut ln 0
m0
q
m0
s = s0 + v0t + u t 0 t ln
m0 qt
q
(2)
Data:
v0 = 7500 ft/s
t = 60 s
m0 =
m0 qt =
v = 7500 + 360 = 7860 ft/s
q=
mfuel Wfuel
1000
=
=
= 0.5176 slug/s
t
gt
( 32.2 )( 60 )
W0 11600
=
= 360.25 slugs
g
32.2
11600 1000
= 329.19 slugs
32.2
32.2
s0 = 0
From (1),
7860 = 7500 u ln
360 = u ln
From (2),
329.19
360.25
360.25
329.19
u = 3993 ft/s
360.25
360.25
s = 0 + ( 7500 )( 60 ) + 3993 60
60 ln
0.5176
329.19
= 460.6 106 ft
s = 87.2 mi
See sample Problem 14.8 for derivation of
v = u ln
m0
m qt
gt = u ln 0
gt
m0 qt
m0
(1)
Note that g is assumed to be constant.

Set
dy
= v in (1) and integrate with respect to time.
dt
m0
h
t
t
h = 0 dy = 0 vdt = 0 u ln
gt dt
m0 qt
m qt
1
t
dt gt 2
= u 0 ln 0
m0
2
Let
z =
m0 qt
m0
h=
m0u z
1 2 m0u
1 2
z
ln zdz 2 gt = q ( z ln z z ) ]z0 2 gt
q z0
dz =
q
dt
m0
or
dt =
m0
dz
q
m m
1
m0u m0 qt m0 qt
1 0 ln 0 1 gt 2
ln
q m0
m0
m0 m0
2
m0u
qt m0 qt
1 + 1 gt 2
1
ln
q
m0
m0
2
m qt
1
m0u m0 qt
1 + 1 ut ln 0
1 gt 2
ln
q
m0
m0
m u
m qt 1 2
= ut + 0 ut ln 0
gt
2
q
m0
m0 1 2
h = u t 0 t ln
gt
m0 qt 2
q
Data:
m0 = 960 kg,
mfuel = 800 kg,
q = 10 kg/s,
t =
u = 3600 m/s,
mfuel
800
=
= 80 s
q
10
(2)
g = 9.81 m/s 2
(a)
960 1
2
960
3
h = 3600 80
80 ln
( 9.81)(80 ) = 153.4 10 m
10
960 800 2
h = 153.4 km
(b) From equation (1),
v = 3600 ln
960
( 9.81)( 80 )
960 800
v = 5670 m/s
m0 = 5000 kg, u = 4200 m/s
Data from Problem 14.97:
v0 = 0, s0 = 0
dm
= uq
P=u
dt
m = m0 qt
P
uq
a=
=
m m0 qt
Thrust force
Mass of satellite plus unspent fuel
Acceleration:
Integrating with respect to time to obtain the velocity,
t
v = v0 + 0 adt = v0 + u 0
q
dt
m0 qt
(1)
= v0 u ln ( m0 qt ) ln m0 = v0 u ln
m0 qt
m0
Integrating again to obtain the displacement,

t
s = s0 + v0t u 0 ln
Let
z =
m0 qt
m0
s = s0 + v0t +
m0 qt
dt
m0
dz =
q
dt
m0
or
dt =
m0
dz
q
m0u z
mu
z
ln zdz = 0 ( z ln z z ) ]z
z0
0
q
q
= s0 + v0t +
m0 m0
m0u m0 qt m0 qt
1
1
ln
ln
q m0
m0
m0 m0

= s0 + v0t +
m0u
qt m0 qt
1 + 1
1
ln
q
mo
m0
= s0 + v0t +
m qt
m0u m0 qt
1 + 1 ut ln 0
1
ln
q
m0
m0
m u
m qt
= s0 + v0t + ut + 0 ut ln 0
m0
q
m0
s = s0 + v0t + u t 0 t ln
m0 qt
q
(2)
Using the data,
5000
5000
s = 0 + 0 + 4200 80
80 ln
18.75
5000 (18.75 )( 80 )
= 56.367 103 m
s = 56.4 km
Let F be the thrust force, and
dm
be the mass flow rate.
dt
Absolute velocity of exhaust:
ve = u v
Thrust force:
F =
P1 = Fv =
Power of thrust force:
Power associated with exhaust:
P2 ( t ) =
P2 =
Total power supplied by engine:
P=
dm
(u v )
dt
dm
(u v ) v
dt
1
1
( m ) ve2 = ( m )( u v )2
2
2
1 dm
( u v )2
2 dt
P = P1 + P2
dm
1
1 dm 2
u v2
( u v ) v + ( u v )2 =
dt
2
2 dt
useful power
P
= 1
total power
P
2 (u v ) v
u 2 v2
=
= 1 when u = v. The exhaust, having zero velocity, carries no power away.
2v

(u + v )
Let F be the thrust force and
dm
be the mass flow rate.
dt
Absolute velocity of exhaust:
ve = u v
Thrust force:
F =
Power of thrust force:
P1 = Fv =
Power associated with exhaust:
P2 ( t ) =
P2 =
Total power supplied by engine:
dm
u
dt
dm
uv
dt
1
1
( m ) ve2 = ( m )( u v )2
2
2
1 dm
( u v )2
2 dt
P = P1 + P2
P=
dm
1
1 dm 2
2
uv + ( u v ) =
u + v2
dt
2
2 dt
useful power
P
= 1
P
total power
= 1 when u = v. The exhaust, having zero velocity, carries no power away.
(u
2uv
2
+ v2
The weights are WA = 30 lb, WB = 40 lb, and WC = 50 lb.
( v A )0
Initial velocities:
= 9 ft/s
( vB ) 0
= 6 ft/s
( vC )0
and
= 0.
There are no horizontal external forces acting during the impacts, and the baggage carrier is free to coast
between the impacts.
(a) Suitcase A is thrown first.
Let v1 be the common velocity of suitcase A and the carrier after the first impact and v2 be the common
velocity of the two suitcases and the carrier after the second impact.
WA
( v A )0 ,
g
Initial momenta:
WB
( vB ) 0 ,
g
and
0.
Suitcase A impacts carrier. Conservation of momentum:
WA
W +W
( vA )0 + 0 = A C v1
g
g
v1 =
W A ( v A )0
WA + WC
( 30 )( 9 )
80
= 3.375 ft/s
Suitcase B impacts on suitcase A and carrier. Conservation of momentum:
WB
W +W
W +W +W
( vB )0 + A C v1 = A B C v2
g
g
g
v2 =
WB ( vB )0 + (WA + WC ) v1
WA + WB + WC
( 40 )( 6 ) + (80 )( 3.375)
120
= 4.25 ft/s
v 2 = 4.25 ft/s
(b) Suitcase B is thrown first.

Let v3 be the common velocity of suitcase B and the carrier after the first impact and v4 be the common
velocity of all after the second impact.
Suitcase B impacts the carrier. Conservation of momentum:
WB
W +W
( vB )0 + 0 = B C v3
g
g
v3 =
WB ( vB )0
WB + WC
( 40 )( 6 )
90
= 2.6667 ft/s
Suitcase A impacts on suitcase B and carrier. Conservation of momentum:
WA
W +W
W +W +W
( vA )0 + B C v3 = A B C v4
g
g
g
v4 =
WA ( v A )0 + (WB + WC ) v3
WA + WB + WC
( 30 )( 9 ) + ( 90 )( 2.6667 )
120
= 4.25 ft/s
v 4 = 4.25 ft/s
The weights are WA = 30 lb, WB = ?, and WC = 50 lb.
( v A )0
Initial velocities:
= ( vB )0 = 7.2 ft/s
( vC )0
=0
v f = 3.6 ft/s
Final velocity:
(a) Conservation of momentum:
WA
W
W +W +W
( v A ) 0 + B ( vB ) 0 + 0 = A B C v f
g
g
g
(1)
( 30 )( 7.2 ) + WB ( 7.2 ) = ( 30 + WB + 50 )( 3.6 )

WB = 20.0 lb
(b) Equation (1) shows that the final velocity is independent of the order in which the suitcases are thrown.
v f = 3.60 ft/s
Linear momentum of each particle expressed in kg m/s.

mA v A = 12i + 6 j + 6k
mB v B = 8i + 6 j
mC vC = 8i + 16 j + 8k
rA = 3j,
rB = 1.2i + 2.4 j + 3k ,
rC = 3.6i
Angular momentum about O, ( kg m 2/s ) .

i j k
i
j k
i
j k
= 0 3 0 + 1.2 2.4 3 + 3.6 0 0
12 6 6
8 16 8
= (18i 36k ) + ( 18i + 24 j 12k ) + ( 28.8j + 57.6k )

= 0i 4.8j + 9.6k
) (
HO = 4.80 kg m 2 /s j + 9.60 kg m 2 /s k

(a) Mass center:
rA = 3j,
rB = 1.2i + 2.4 j + 3k ,
( mA + mB + mC ) r
rC = 3.6i
= mArA + mBrB + mC rC
9r = ( 3)( 3j) + ( 2 )(1.2i + 2.4 j + 3k ) + ( 4 )( 3.6i )

r = 1.86667i + 1.53333j + 0.66667k
r = (1.867 m ) i + (1.533 m ) j + ( 0.667 m ) k

Linear momentum of each particle, ( kg m 2 /s ) .
mA v A = 12i + 6 j + 6k
mB v B = 8i + 6 j
mC vC = 8i + 16 j + 8k
(b) Linear momentum of the system, ( kg m/s.)
mv = mA v A + mB v B + mC vC = 12i + 28j + 14k
mv = (12.00 kg m/s ) i + ( 28.0 kg m/s ) j + (14.00 kg m/s ) k

Position vectors relative to the mass center, (meters).
rA = rA r = 1.86667i + 1.46667 j 0.66667k
rB = rB r = 0.66667i + 0.86667 j + 2.33333k
rC = rC r = 1.73333i 1.53333j 0.66667k
(c) Angular momentum about G, ( kg m 2 /s ) .
HG = rA mA v A + rB mB v B + rC mC vC
i
j
k
i
j
k
= 1.86667 1.46667 0.66667 + 0.66667 0.86667 2.33333
12
6
6
8
6
0
i
j
k
+ 1.73333 1.53333 0.66667
8
16
8
= (12.8i + 3.2 j 28.8k ) + ( 14i + 18.6667 j 10.9333k )

+ ( 1.6i 8.5333j + 15.4667k )
= 2.8i + 13.3333j 24.2667k
) (
) (
HG = 2.80 kg m 2 /s i + 13.33 kg m 2/s j 24.3 kg m 2/s k
i
j
k
r mv = 1.86667 1.53333 0.66667
12
28
14
= ( 2.8 kg m 2 /s ) i (18.1333 kg m 2 /s ) j + ( 33.8667 kg m 2 /s ) k
HG + r mv = ( 4.8 kg m 2 /s ) j + ( 9.6 kg m 2 /s ) k
Angular momentum about O.
i j k
i
j k
i
j k
= 0 3 0 + 1.2 2.4 3 + 3.6 0 0
8 16 8
12 6 6
8 6 0
= (18i 36k ) + ( 18i + 24 j 12k ) + ( 28.8 j + 57.6k )
= ( 4.8 kg m 2 /s ) j + ( 9.6 kg m 2/s ) k
Note that
H O = H G + r mv
Choose x axis pointing east, y axis north, and z axis vertical.

Velocities before collision:
( v H )0
Helicoptor:
5.5 mi 5280 ft/mi
= 121 ft/s
4 min 60 s/min
10 mi 5280 ft/mi
( v A ) =
= 220 ft/s
x 0
4 min 60 s/min
Airplane:
( v ) = 7.5 mi 5280 ft/mi = 165 ft/s

A y 0
4 min 60 s/min
Mass center:
v0 =
mH
mA
( v A ) i + ( v A ) j
( v H )0 i +
x 0
y 0
mA + mH
mA + mH
3000
6000
=
( 220i 165j)
(121) i +
9000
9000
= (154 ft/s ) i ( 55 ft/s ) j
No external forces act during impact. Assume that only gravity acts after the impact. Motion of mass center
after impact:
r = v 0t + z0 gt 2 k = 154 t i 55 t j + 3600 16.1t 2 k

2
t2 =
Time of fall.
3600
16.1
t = 14.953 s
r = (154 )(14.953) i ( 55 )(14.953) j = ( 2302.8 ft ) i (822.42 ft ) j
( mH
rA =
=
+ mA ) r = ( mH )1 ( rH )1 + ( mH )2 ( rH )2 + mArA
1
( mH + mA ) r ( mH ) ( rH ) ( mH ) ( rH )
1
1
2
2
mA
1
( 9000 )( 2302.8i 822.42 j)
3000
( 2000 )(1500i 300 j) ( 4000 )(1800i 1500 j)
= ( 3510 ft ) i ( 267 ft ) j
Coordinates of point A: ( 3510 ft, 267 ft )
Choose x axis pointing east, y axis north, and z axis vertical.

Velocities before collision:
( vH ) 0
Helicoptor:
5.5 mi 5280 ft/mi
= 121 ft/s
4 min 60 s/min
10 mi 5280 ft/mi
( v A ) =
= 220 ft/s
x 0
4 min 60 s/min
Airplane:
( v ) = 7.5 mi 5280 ft/mi = 165 ft/s

A y 0
4 min 60 s/min
v0 =
Mass center:
mH
mA
( v A ) i + ( v A ) j
( vH ) 0 i +
x 0
y 0
mA + mH
mA + mH
3000
6000
=
( 220i 165j)
(121) i +
9000
9000
= (154 ft/s ) i ( 55 ft/s ) j
No external forces act during impact. Assume that only gravity acts after the impact. Motion of mass center
after impact:
r = v 0t + z0 gt 2 k = 154 ti 55 tj + 3600 16.1t 2 k

2
t2 =
Time of fall.
3600
16.1
t = 14.953 s
r = (154 )(14.953) i ( 55 )(14.953) j = ( 2302.8 ft ) i (822.42 ft ) j
( mH
( rH )2
=
=
+ mA ) r = ( mH )1 ( rH )1 + ( mH )2 ( rH )2 + mArA
1
( mH + mA ) r mArA ( mH ) ( rH )
1
1
( mH )2
1
( 9000 )( 2302.8i 822.42 j)
4000
( 3000 )( 3600i + 240 j) ( 2000 )(1200i 600 j)

= (1881 ft ) i (1730 ft ) j
Coordinates of point H 2: (1881 ft, 1730 ft )
Use a frame of reference moving with the mass center.

0 = mAvA + mBvB
vA =
mB
vB
mA
2
V =
=
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
mA ( vA ) + mB ( vB ) = mA B vB + mB ( vB )
2
2
2
m
2
A
mB ( mA + mB )
vB =
Data:
mA =
2mA
( vB )2
2mAV
mB ( mA + mB )
5
= 0.15528 lb s 2 /ft,
32.2
mB =
3
= 0.09317 lb s 2 /ft
32.2
V = 90 ft lb
vB =
vA =
( 2 )( 0.15528)( 90 )
( 0.09317 )( 0.24845)
= 34.75
0.09317
( 34.75) = 20.85
0.15528
vB = 34.75 ft/s
vA = 20.85 ft/s
30
30
Velocities of A and B:
v A = [ 24 ft/s
] + [ 20.85 ft/s
30]
v A = 12.00 ft/s
60.3
v B = [ 24 ft/s
] + [34.75 ft/s
30]
v B = 56.8 ft/s
17.8
Locate the mass center.

Let l be the distance between A and B.
mBl = ( mA + mB ) l A
lA =
mB
2
l = l
7
mA + mB
lB =
5
l
7
(a) Linear momentum.
L = mAv0 = ( 2.5 )( 3.5 ) = 8.75
L = 8.75 kg m/s
Angular momentum about G:
H G = l AmAv0 =
2
2
lmAv0 = ( 0.210 )( 2.5 )( 3.5 ) = 0.525
7
7
HG = 0.525 kg m 2/s
(b) There are no resultant external forces acting on the system;

therefore, L and H G are conserved.
L : mAv A + mBvB = L
2.5v A + 1.0vB = 8.75
(1)
HG : lB mB vB l AmAv A = H G
5
2
( 0.210 )(1.0 ) vB ( 0.210 )( 2.5) vA = 0.525
7
7
0.15vB 0.15v A = 0.525
(2)
v A = 1.5 m/s, vB = 5 m/s

v A = 1.500 m/s
v B = 5.00 m/s
Q1 + Q2 = Q
For steady flow
(1)
Assume that the fluid speed is constant.
v = v ( sin i cos j) ,
Velocity vectors:
v1 = v i,
v 2 = vi
Let Pj be the force that plate C exerts on the fluid.

( m ) v + Pj ( t ) = ( m )1 v1 + ( m )2 v 2
Pj =
( m )1
t
v1 +
( m )2
t
v2
m
v
t
dm
dm
dm
=
( v i ) +
( vi )
( v sin i v cos j)
dt 1
dt 2
dt
= Q1v i + Q2v i Qv ( sin i cos j)

i:
0 = Q1v + Q2v Qv sin
Q sin = Q2 Q1
j: P = Qv cos
Data:
(3)
62.4
= 1.93789 lb s 2 /ft 4 ,
32.2
Q1 = 26 gal/min = 57.932 103 ft 3/s,
(2)
v = 90 ft/s
Q2 = 130 gal/min = 289.66 10 3 ft 3/s
Q = 347.59 103 ft 3/s
From (1),
sin =
(a) From (2),
Q2 Q1
= 0.66667
Q
= 41.810
= 41.8
From (3),
P = (1.93789 ) 347.59 103 ( 90 ) cos 41.810 = 45.2 lb.
(b) Force that stream exerts on plate C:
P j = 45.2 lb
Calculation of
m
t
dm
.
dt
or
m = A ( l ) = Av ( t )
m
= Av
t
62.4 lb/ft 3
1.5 in 2
dm
= Av =
60 ft/s = 1.21118 lb s/ft

dt
32.2 ft/s 2 144 in 2 /ft 2
Apply the principle of impulse-momentum.
16
10
4
12
( m ) v A C ( t ) + W ( t ) = ( m ) vB
12
12
12
12
moments about D:
16C = 10W +
m
( 4vB 12vA )
t
= (10 )(10 ) + (1.21118 ) ( 4 )( 60 ) (12 )( 60 ) = 481.37

C = 30.1 lb
C = 30.085 lb
( m ) vA + Dx( t ) = ( m ) vB
x components:
Dx =
m
dm
( vB vA ) = ( vB vA ) = (1.21118)( 60 60 ) = 0
dt
t
Dx = 0
y components:
0 + C ( t ) + Dy ( t ) W ( t ) = 0
Dy = W C = 10 ( 30.085 ) = 40.085 lb
D = 40.1 lb
Calculation of
dm
at a section in the airstream:
dt
m = A ( l ) = Av t
m dm
=
= Av
dt
t
dm
( v B v A ) where v B is the velocity just downstream
dt
of propeller and v A is the velocity far upstream. Assume v A is
negligible.
(a) Thrust =
Thrust = ( Av ) v = D 2 v 2
4
2
3600 = (1.21) ( 2 ) v 2 = 3.801v 2
4
v = 30.774 m/s
(b)
Q=
v = 30.8 m/s
1 dm
= Av = D 2 v = ( 2 ) ( 30.774 )
dt
4
4
Q = 96.7 m3/s
(c) Kinetic energy of mass m :
T =
1
1
1
( m ) v 2 = A ( l ) v 2 = Av ( t ) v 2
2
2
2
T
dT
1
1
=
= Av3 = D 2 v3
dt
2
2 4
t
(1.21) ( 2 )2 ( 30.774 )3 = 55.4 103 N m/s

2
4
dT
= 55.4 kW
dt
From Eq. (14.44) of the text book, the thrust is
P=
dm
u = (10 kg/s )( 3600 m/s ) = 36 103 kg m/s 2 = 36 103 N
dt
F = ma
P mg = ma
(a)
(b)
a=
At the start of firing,
m = m0 = 960 kg,
From (1),
a=
P
g
m
(1)
g = 9.81 m/s 2
36 103
9.81 = 27.69 m/s 2
960
a = 27.7 m/s 2
As the last particle of fuel is consumed,
m = 960 800 = 160 kg,

From (1),
a=
g = 9.81 m/s 2 ( assumed )
36 103
9.81 = 215.19 m/s 2
160
a = 215 m/s 2

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 14, Solution 1.

The masses are mA = mB = 1350 kg and mC = 5400 kg.

( v A )0 = ( vB )0 = 0, ( vC )0 = 8 km/h = 2.2222 m/s

First collision. Truck C strikes car B. Plastic impact: e = 0

Conservation of momentum for B and C :

6750 vBC = 0 + ( 5400 )( 2.2222 )

vBC = 1.77778 m/s

Second collision. Car-truck BC strikes car A.

Conservation of momentum for A, B, and C.

mAv A + ( mB + mC )( vBC ) = mA ( v A )0 + ( mB + mC )( vBC )0

1350 v A + 6750 vBC = 0 + ( 6750 )(1.77778 )

Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously for v A and vBC ,

v A = 2.9630 m/s, vBC = 1.18519 m/s = vB = vC

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Chapter 14, Solution 2.

Conservation of linear momentum for block, cart, and bullet together.

( 0.028)( 550 ) = 1.7058 m/s

Principle of impulse and momentum.

Just after impact, t is negligible. The velocity then is

( 0.028)( 550 ) = 3.0628 m/s

Also, just after impact, the velocity of the cart is zero.

Accelerations after impact.

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Block and bullet:

( 0.50 )( 5.028)( 9.81)

a AB/C = 4.905 ( 6.1656 ) = 11.0706 m/s 2

In the final position, v AB/C = 0

The block moves 0.424 to the left relative to the cart.

0.576 m from left end of cart

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Chapter 14, Solution 3.

The masses are mA =

( 22 )( 2000 ) = 1366.5 slugs

Initial momentum of system:

124.2v A + 114.9vB + 1366.5vF = 0

vB/F = vB vF = 3.5 ft/s

Solving (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously,

v A = 6.208 ft/s, vB = 2.708 ft/s, vF = 0.7919 ft/s

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Chapter 14, Solution 4.

The masses are mA =

Initial momentum of system:

From the given relative velocities,

v A = vF + v A/F = 1.02 7.65 = 6.63 ft/s

( 4000 )( 6.63) + ( 3700 )( 6.48)

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Chapter 14, Solution 5.

= 6.5 km/h = 1.80556 m/s,

Equating (1) and (2) and solving for v,

(80 10 ) (1.80556) = 1.44444 m/s

Equating (1) and (3) and solving for v f ,

(80 10 ) (1.80556) = 1.11111 m/s

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Chapter 14, Solution 6.

mv0 = mvB + mAv A + mBvB

( 3)( 3) + ( 2.5)( 5) = 43.434 103 kg

(b) The bullet passes through block A. Momentum is conserved.

mv0 = mv1 + mAv A

43.434 103 ( 500 ) ( 3)( 3)

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Chapter 14, Solution 7.

(a) Woman dives first.