1.

The excess of the sum of the half and the third parts over the difference of the
fourth and the fifth parts of a number is 188. What is the value of a number?
Let x
x/2 =
x/3 =
x/4 =
x/5 =

= the number
the half part of x
the third part of x
the fourth part of x
the fifth part of x

S1 = sum of the half and third parts

S1=x2+x3S1=x2+x3
S2 = difference of fourth and fifth parts

S2=x4x5S2=x4x5
The excess of S1 over S2 = 188

S1S2=188S1S2=188
(x2+x3)(x4x5)=188(x2+x3)(x4x5)=188
4760x=1884760x=188

x=240x=240

answer

2. In a three digit number, the hundreds digit is twice the units digit. If 396 be
subtracted from the number, the order of the digits will be reversed. Find the
number if the sum of the digits is 17.
Let
xx = hundreds digit
yy = tens digit
zz = units digit

100x+10y+z100x+10y+z = the number

The hundreds digit is twice the units digit

x=2zx=2z

equation (1)

The sum of the digits is 17

x+y+z=17x+y+z=17

equation (2)

396 be subtracted from the number

(100x+10y+z)396=100z+10y+x(100x+10y+z)396=100z+10y+x
99x99z=39699x99z=396
xz=4xz=4

equation (3)

Substitute x = 2z to equation (3)

2zz=42zz=4
z=4z=4
From equation (1)

x=2(4)x=2(4)
x=8x=8
From equation (2)

8+y+4=178+y+4=17
y=5y=5
The number is

100x+10y+z=854100x+10y+z=854

answer

3. The sum of the digits of a three-place number is 19. If the tens and units digits
are interchanged the number is diminished by 27, and if the hundreds and tens
digits are interchanged the number is increased by 180. What is the number?

Let
xx = the hundreds digit
yy = the tens digit
zz = the units digit

100x+10y+z100x+10y+z

the original number

100x+10z+y100x+10z+y

the tens and units digits are interchanged

100y+10x+z100y+10x+z

the hundreds and tens digits are interchanged

The sum of the digits of a three-place number is 19

x+y+z=19x+y+z=19

Equation (1)

If the tens and units digits are interchanged the number is diminished by 27

(100x+10z+y)=(100x+10y+z)27(100x+10z+y)=(100x+10y+z)27
9y+9z=279y+9z=27
y+z=3y+z=3
z=y3z=y3

Equation (2)

If the hundreds and tens digits are interchanged the number is increased by 180

(100y+10x+z)=(100x+10y+z)+180(100y+10x+z)=(100x+10y+z)+180
90y90x=18090y90x=180
yx=2yx=2
y=x+2y=x+2

Equation (3)

Substitute y = x + 2 to Equation (2)

z=(x+2)3z=(x+2)3
z=x1z=x1
Substitute y = x + 2 and z = x - 1 to Equation (1)

x+(x+2)+(x1)=19x+(x+2)+(x1)=19
3x=183x=18
x=6x=6
From Equation (3)

y=6+2y=6+2
y=8y=8
From Equation (2)

z=83z=83
z=5z=5
The number is

100x+10y+z=685100x+10y+z=685

answer

4. A bullet is fired at a target 1,342 m away. At what point along its path would the
sound of the impact of the bullet be heard 1/4 second before the report of the
gun, assuming that sound travels at the rate of 335 m/sec and the bullet is 503
m/sec.

5. A man can row 77 km and back in 14 hours. If he can row 6.5 km with the
stream at the same time as 4.8 km against the stream, find the rate of the
stream.

6. Runners A and B start together in a race around a 900-ft oval track. Runner A is
making a speed of 27 ft/sec and runner B at 22.5 ft/sec. How long will it take
runner A to be exactly one circumference ahead of runner B.
Runner A is exactly one circumference ahead of runner B when runner A
overtakes runner B for the first time:

sAsB=900sAsB=900
27t22.5t=90027t22.5t=900
4.5t=9004.5t=900
t=200 sect=200 sec

answer

7. Benjie and Jerwin is running in opposite directions in a 400-meter circular track

and meet each other every 35 seconds. If Benjie can complete one track in 65
seconds. How long does it take for Jerwin to run 400 meters?

Relationship between arithmetic, geometric, and

harmonic means

8. How many three-digit numbers are not divisible by 3?

There are 900 three-digit numbers, namely 100, 101, 102, ..., 999. The first threedigit number that is exactly divisible by 3 is 102 and the last is obviously 999. The
numbers 102, 105, 108, ..., 999 form an arithmetic progression with common
difference, d = 3.
By Arithmetic progression:

an=a1+(n1)dan=a1+(n1)d
999=102+(n1)(3)999=102+(n1)(3)
n=300n=300

There are 300 three-digit numbers that are divisible by 3 and there are 900 threedigit numbers. Thus, the three-digit numbers that are not divisible by 3 is:

Required =900nRequired =900n

Required =600Required =600

answer

9. Find the value of x, y, and z from the given system of equations.

x(x+y+z)=36x(x+y+z)=36

y(x+y+z)=27y(x+y+z)=27

Equation (2)

z(x+y+z)=90z(x+y+z)=90

Equation (3)

Equation (1)