Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Blok 3 - IT 6 - Biomekanik - BS
Blok 3 - IT 6 - Biomekanik - BS
Pakaian
sopan
no jeans,
no T-shirt,
no ketat,
no sandal
Mau
Describe:
What
is biomechanics?
Laws of motion
Levers & their classification
Equilibrium, balance, & stability
Factors influencing balance
Mekanika material
Bio=
Statics:
Dynamics:
Anatomical
Biomechanics
is the how
HUMAN
CHARACTERISTICS:
Skeleton
Muscles
Tendons
Ligaments
Joints
Neural command
Reflexes
MACHINE CHARACTERISTICS
- Levers
- Actuators
- Joints
- Pulleys
- Springs
- Dampers
Newton
1 law of Inertia
Newton 2 law of Acceleration
Newton 3 law of Reaction
SF=0
Hukum
Kelembaman
a=0
Sistem Inersial
Inertia
Kecenderungan tubuh untuk bertahan
pada kondisi/posisi tertentu
semakin besar tubuh inertia
Implications
a F
F m.a
Satuan Gaya : newton (N)
1 N 1 kg m s -2
1 dyne 1 g cm s 2
1 N = 105 dyne
Impulse
Ft = m(vf-vi)
Without time, it is impossible to generate force and
change velocity
Momentum
Ft = (mvf-mvi)
If masses are different, deficiencies can be compensated
for by increasing speed
Implications
Club/racket
Follow through
Athlete body weight
reaction force
Implications for sport
movement
Artificial turf
HUMAN LEVER
According to Rene
Descartes, the
human body is a
mechanical
system designed
by the hands of
God.
Borelli, a student
of Galileo,
considered the
human body as a
system of levers.
How
Lever
Levers
Magnify
a force
Increase
(ROM)
Balance
Change
torques
direction of force
First,
Fulcrum in middle (
LFE)
Force
Resist.
Axis
Example: Neck
extension
Load in middle ( F L E )
(eg) wheelbarrel, standing on tip toes (not common in
body)
Very few occurrences in the body
Gain resultant force (you can lift more), lose distance
Force
Resist.
Axis
Force in middle ( L E F )
(eg) using a tweezers, lifting w/ biceps
85% of the muscles in the body function
Usually produce speed at the expense of force
Greater lever length = greater speed (ex.)
When
IM
W IM
Keuntungan Mekanik =
M Iw
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A 120 N child and a 200 N child sit at the
opposite ends of 4.00 m uniform seesaw
pivoted at its center. Where should a 140 N
child sit to balance the seesaw?
R
2.0 m
120 N
140 N
W
FREE BODY DIAGRAM OF THE SEESAW
200 N
Traksi
leher
Arah tarik
katrol
Arah tarik
otot
Equilibrium
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Approximate
COG
www.flickr.com/photos/dearlydeparted/3834132754/
46
More stable
Low COG
Wide base of support 4 point contact
Line of gravity in middle of support
Less stable
Higher COG
Small base of support 2 point contact
Similar line of gravity
47
Bila
STRESS
Deformasi materi/benda krn gaya kompresi
STRAIN
Deformasi benda karena gaya tension
Strain =
deformation with
respect to the
original length
Normal Strain
change in length
In
Length
length
Shear Strain
change in angle
51
Angle
Tabrakan
Kecepatan cahaya :
300.000 km/detik ;
c.t = 12000 . L
c = kecepatan cahaya
t = waktu selama 1 hari
L = panjang rute edar bulan
selama 1 bulan
L=v.T
v = v* . cos
sehingga
c = 12000 . ( v* . cos ) . T / t
= 12000 ( 3682,07 .cos 26,928480 ) 655,71986 / 86164,0906
= 299792,5 km/detik
perhitungan Al Quran
Einstein