bauxite

The principal ore of aluminum, consisting

of 45% to 60% aluminum oxide, ferric
oxide, and various other impurities.

Bayer process
The process generally employed to
refine alumina from bauxite.

patina
A greenish film or encrustation produced by
oxidation on the surface of old bronze and copper
and often admired for its ornamental value.

antimony
A brittle, crystalline, silvery white metallic
element used chiefly in alloys. Symbol: Sb.

cadmium
A white, ductile metallic element resembling
tin, used in plating and making certain alloys.
SymboI: Cd.

carbide
A very hard material made of carbon and one or
more heavy metals, such as tungsten carbide,
used for cutting edges and dies.

magnesium
A light, ductile, silver-white metallic element
used in lightweight alloys. SymboI: Mg

manganese

A hard, brittle metallic element, used chiefly as

an alloying agent to increase the hardness and
toughness of steel. Symbol: Mn

nickel
A hard, silvery-white, malleable and ductile
metallic element, used in steel and cast-iron
alloys and in electroplating metals that require
corrosion resistance. Symbol: Ni

silicon
A nonmetallic element having amorphous
or crystalline forms, used esp. in electronic
devices and to strengthen low-alloy steels.
Symbol: Si

tungsten
A heavy, brittle, gray-white metallic element
having a high melting point and used in
electrical elemnents and for hardening alloys.
Symbol: W

vanadium
A malleable, ductile, grayish metallic element
used for hardening alloys. Symbol: V

alumina
A natural or synthetic oxide of aluminum,
used in aluminum production, ceramics,
and electrical insulation. Also called
aluminum oxide.

reduction
The process of bringing to the metallic state by

removing nonmetallic constituents, such as the

electrolytic process used in refining aluminum
from alumina.

bronze
Any of various alloys consisting essentially of
copper and tin. Also, any of various alloys having a
large copper content with little or no tin.

silicon bronze
An alloy of 97% copper with 3% silicon.

gold bronze
An alloy of about 90% copper, 5% zinc, 3% lead,
and 2% tin.

phosphor bronze
A hard, corrosion - resistant alloy of about
80% copper, 10% tin, 9% antimony, and 1%
phosphorus.

aluminum bronze
Any of various alloys containing a high
percentage of copper with from 5% to 11%
and manganese. Also called albronze.

brass
Any of various alloys consisting essentially of
copper and zinc, used for windows, railings, trim,
and finish hardware. Alloys that are brass by
definition may have names that include the word
bronze, such as architectural bronze.

commercial bronze

Ail alloy of about 90% copper and 10% zinc.

red brass
An alloy of from 77% to 86% copper with the
balance zinc.
aluminum brass
An alloy of about 75% copper, 2% aluminum,
small amounts of other elements, with the
balance zinc.
common brass
An alloy of about 65% copper and zinc.
naval brass
An alloy of about 60% copper and 40% zinc.
architectural bronze
An alloy of about 57% copper, 40% zinc, 2.75%
lead, and 0.25% tin.
Muntz metal
An alloy of from 55% to 61% copper with from
39% to 45% zinc. Also called alpha-beta
brass.

manganese bronze
An alloy of about 55% copper, 40% zinc, and
up to 3.5% manganese.

nonferrous metal
Any metal containing little or no iron.

aluminum
A ductile, malleable, silver-white metallic element that is used in forming many hard, light
alloys, often anodized for better corrosion resistance, color, and surface hardness. SymboI:
Al

heat-treatable alloy
An aluminum alloy capable of gaining strength by heat treatment.

non-heat-treatable alloy

An aluminum alloy capable of gaining strength by cold-working. Also called common alloy.

alclad
An aluminum product clad with an aluminum alloy that is anodic to the core alloy, thus
protecting it physically and electrolytically against corrosion.

duralumin
A light, strong alloy of aluminum, copper, manganese, and magnesium.

Copper
A ductile, malleable, reddish-brown metallic
Element that is an excellent conductor of heat and
electricity and is widely used for electrical wiring,
water piping, and in the manufacture of alloys,
such as bronze and brass. Symbol: Cu

lead
A heavy, soft, malleable, bluish-gray metallic
element used in solder and radiation shielding.
Symbol: Pb

terne metal
An alloy of about 80% lead and 20% tin, used for plating.

terneplate
Steel plate coated with terne metal for use as a roofing material.