Diffraction grating by normal incidence method

AIM: To determine the wavelength of spectral lines of the mercury spectrum using a
diffraction grating on normal incidence method.
APPARATUS: mercury, telescope,
PRINCIPLE: When the parallel beam of light is incident normally on a grating it
undergoes franhoffer diffraction by measuring the angle of diffraction for different
colors the wavelength of spectral lines are calculated
PROCEDURE: The preliminary adjustment of the spectrometer made the vernier disc
clamped the slit is made narrow, the telescope brought in line with collimeter and
direct reading R2 is taken on one of the verniers the telescope is turned exactly 90 0
from this position and damped. The grating is mounted on prism table, the vernier
disc it reflected and rotated until the reflected image of the slit is seen through
telescope and made to consider with the point of intersection of wires the vernier
disc is clamped now the angle of disc is exactly 45 0. The reading l2 is same as
vernier is noted.
The vernier disc is released and turned exactly through 45 0 is proper direction so
that the surface if grating is normal to collimeter are incidence normally on grating
the telescope image the slit form in the telescope such that it co-inside with the
point of intersection of the cross wire. The corresponding reading are noted. The
telescope now rotated right side of direction image of the first order spectrum is
again obtained the different spectral lines are made to coincide with the point of
intersection of the cross wire and corresponding reading are noted. The difference
between the reading of the left and right for particular color give 20 from which zero
is calculated using the value of C. the wavelength of all color are calculated by
using the formula
= csin(D/2)
C=/2sin(D/2)
OBSERVATION: Least count=value of 1MSD/no of divisions=1
Direct reading R0=
Reading of the telescope is turned through 90 0 R1= order of spectrum, n=1
R0+900=
Reading of vernier after turned through 45 0=R0-450
TABULAR COLUMN:
COLORS

WAVELENGT
H

SPECTROME
TER FOR
MAXIMUM
DEVIATION (
R)

DIRECT
READING R0

ANGLE OF
MINIMUM
DEVIATION
=R0-R

=C SIN A0

RESULT: COLOR

STD.VALUE

EXP.VALUE