Lecture-8

6.3.9 Chebyshev Array Design

In this case, the main goal is to approximate the desired AF with a Chebyshev polynomial such that
The side-lobe level meets the requirements, and
The main beam width is as small as possible.
An array of N elements has an AF approximated with a Chebyshev polynomial of order m, which is
always m = N-1.
where N = 2M, if N is even; and N = 2M+1, if N is odd.
Statement: Design a broadside Dolph-Tschebyscheff array of N elements with spacing d between the
elements. The sidelobes are R0 dB below the maximum of the major lobe. Find the excitation co-efficients
and form the array factor.
Procedure:
1.

Select the appropriate AF for the total number of elements N.

M

( AF ) 2 M

cos[

n 1

M 1

( AF ) 2 M 1

(2n 1)
kd cos ]
2

cos[(n 1)kd cos ]

N = 2M

N = 2M+1

n 1

2.
Replace each cos(mu) term in the array factor by its appropriate expansion in terms of powers of
cos(u).
3.

Determine the point z = z0 such that Tm= R0 (Voltage ratio). Find z0 such that

R0 TN 1 ( z 0 ) cosh N 1 cosh 1 z 0

cosh 1 R0
z 0 cosh

N 1

4.

Substitute cos u

z
in the array factor of step 2. This substitution normalizes the array factor
z0

sidelobes to a peak value of unity.

5.

Equate the array factor of step 4 to TN-1 (z) and determine the array coefficients.

Example-6: Design a DolphChebyshev array (broadside) of N = 10 elements

with a major-to-minor lobe ration of R0=26dB. Find the excitation coefficients.

Solution:
The order of the Chebyshev polynomial is m = N-1 = 9. The AF for an even-number array is:
5

AF2 M

a cos 2n 1 u
n

n 1

d
cos , M 5.

Step 1: The array factor for 10 element array :

AF10 a1 cos u a2 cos3u a3 cos5u a4 cos 7u a5 cos9u

Expand the cos(mu) terms of powers of cos u :

cos3u 4cos3 u 3cos u ,
cos5u 16cos5 u 20cos3 u 5cos u ,
cos 7u 64cos7 u 112cos5 u 56cos3 u 7 cos u ,
cos9u 256cos9 u 576cos7 u 432cos5 u 120cos3 u 9cos u

Step 2: Determine z0 :
R0 26 dB
R0 10

26

20

20

T9 ( z0 ) 20

cosh 9cosh 1 zo 20,

z0 cosh 0.41 z0 1.08515

Step 3: Express the AF from Step 1 in terms of

AF10

cos u z / z0

z
a1 3a2 5a3 7a4 9a5
z0
z3
z03
z5
z05
z7
z07
z9
z09

4a2 20a3 56a4 120a5

16a3 112a4 432a5
64a4 576a5
256a5

9
z 120 z 3 432
z 5 576 z 7 256
z9

T9 ( z )

Step 4: Finding the coefficients by matching the power terms:

256a5 256 z09 a5 2.0860

64a4 576a5 576 z07 a4 2.8308
16a3 112a4 432a5 432 z05 a3 4.1184
4a2 20a3 56a4 120a5 120 z07 a2 5.2073
a1 3a2 5a3 7 a4 9a5 9 z09 a1 5.8377

Normalize coefficients with respect to edge element ( N 5) :

a5 1; a4 1.357; a3 1.974; a2 2.496; a1 2.789