JVP

a wave

Atrial
Systole

Right atrial
contraction,
back pressure

Correlate
with PR
interval

Cannon wave
(Very large a
wave due to
simultaneous
contraction of
atria and
ventricle with
close AV valve)

Prominent: (Forceful
atrial contraction to
empty into ventricle):
- Tricuspid stenosis
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Pulmonary
hypertension
- Acute pulmonary
embolism
Absent: AF
Cannon wave: Complete
heart block, VT

c wave

Ventricular
systole
(isovolumic
contraction
)

x
Atrial
descen relaxation
t
v wave

Ventricular
systole

y
Early
descen ventricular
t
diastole

Increase Rt
atrial
pressure (Due
to bulging of
tricuspid valve
into the atria)

Also by the
impact of
adjacent
carotid artery
Decrease Rt
atrial pressure
Rt atrial filling

Rapid inflow
of blood into
ventricle
(Early filling),
after opening
of tricuspid
valve.

Not seen
during
recording
of venous
pulse

More
prominent
during
inspiration
T wave

Prominent:
- Cardiac tamponade
- Constrictive
pericarditis
Prominent:
- Severe TR (Giant v
wave)
- Rt heart failure
Prominent/ Rapid y
descent:
- Isolated severe TR
- Constrictive
pericarditis