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    7 views29 pages

    59 SPLN - 34B - 1980

    Uploaded by

    Kukuh Widodi
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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 29
    Publication 34-2 SALN. BYR COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE roniaton Internationale da Normalction — ISN) RECOMMANDATION DE LA CEI (atflige 4 INTERNATIONAL ELEGTROTEGHNICAL COMMISSION (aiftated tothe International Organization for Stand dation 3480), Ico MCCOMMCNDATION Publication 34-2 Troisimeédtion — Tht adios ane Machines-électriques tournantes Deuxiéme partie: Méthades pour la détermination des pertes et du rendement des machines lectriques tournantes's yartir, ae (a Fextlusion des machines pour véhicules le traction): Rotating electrical machines Part 2: Methods for determining. losses ahd efficiency of rotating electrical machinery from tests {excluding machines for traction vehicles) Droits de opreducion réservés — Copyright -allriahls reserved Bureau Central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale | tue de vareme Genive, Suisse CONTENTS Foreword Pravace Clause SECTION Ont — Gera 1. Scope : ee : General ae 3.1 List of symbols en 4, Definitions 3 4.1 Biicieney ALIUESE Total loss Dreaking test f Calibrated driving machine text SEES “Mechanical hack-to-hack test Bectrcal back-to-back tes, (gS Retardation test re a: Calorioetrie test cna 49 Norload test 4.10 Open-circutt test A 4011 Sustained shortcicuit test ears 4.12 Zero power Factortest, Reference temperature SeCHIGE TWO DL. Macinrs 6. Losses to be included : 6.1" Excitation eiveit louses 25, ‘ 6.2. Constant losses 6.3 Load losses 8 6.4 Additional load ses). 88 ey 7, Determination of effets. T.-L Summation ofosses (2.228 7.2. Total loss measiroment gitlin. StcTioN TaeeS: Pol HiASe INDUCTION MACHINES 8. Losies.t6'be included a B.A Const losses 2880. 38 iE Bid Load Joges of 8.3 Additcial. oid onses , 9. Daeterminotion 3 sic Oti;, Summallcisotoere 9.2 “Fou Hoss sysrenient SEcrIQy Fou — SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 10, Losses to be include 10.1" Constant forse 10.2 Lad laces 10.3. Excitation citi losses 10.4 Additional Toad tosses 11, Determination of effiiensy 11-1 Summation of tosses SECTION Five — Merwons oF 18st 12. General 13. Calibrated machine test 14. Zero power factor test. 15. Retardation method 16. Electrical back to back tet 17. Calorimetri tex 18, Schedule of preferred ests 18.1 D.C, machines 18.2. Polyphase induction machines 18.3 Synchronous machines Frovres. 3 3B 1s 1s is is 2 2s 25 2s 2 B » 3s 35 37 37 4 45 a 47 3 33 3 3 4 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES Part 2: Methods for determining losses and efficiency of rotating electrical machinery from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) FORFWORD, |). The formal decisions or agreements of the 1EC on technical mates, ngpazedt by technical Committees on which all the Natiooal Coumuitiees having a special interest therein ate repmEored, GEREES, as nearly as possible, an International ‘consenaus of opinion om the subjects dealt with 2) They have the form of recommendations for internatigna ig id V3 pi acepted by the National Committees in that 3) Imorderto promote this international unifcatit: the.1E€ express the wish that all National Committees having as yet no national rules, when preparing such rules, sisld &ke the TE recommendations asthe fundamental basis for these rules in so Far a8 national conditions will pernit, AY The desirability is recognized of exgiing eration agreement on these matters through an endsavour fo haemonize national standardization rules wih these rsmendations in 0 far as national conditions will permit. The National Committees oledae their influence idwards that Sia PREFACE This Recomicindut as bem, prepared by Sub-Comnmiuéel2D, Lass and EMelency, of IEC Techaical Committee No.2, Rotating Machinery. Ieeupersédes the second edits publohed in 1960, Ieconstiites pat ofa series of recommendatidok-dealing with rotating electrical machinery, other parte beings: Part I, Rating and Performance (FEC Publication 31 Part 3,Ratingy aid Characifistis of Threephase, 50 HiTurbine-type Machines (EC Publication 34-9 Paced, Method fe Deter Sonebenous Matine Quan rom Ts IEC Palcaton Mh, ait S, Degrees of Peoietint By Enclostts for Rating Machinery (TEC Publication 34-5) FAT, Methods of Loounig Ketaking Machinery (FEE: Puolication +6), [Work fp the pv ising sated the mosting held in Tokyo in 1965, and a further draft was discussed atthe mestng hold Jn London i:1968. As a tesult ofthis lator meeting, a final draft was submited ta the National Cammittes for approval under the Six Mant Rule in Noverbe:}969, The following coitities voted Sxlictly in favour of publication: rustle Neitelanas Releiom Poland Denmark South Africa Finland Sweden France Switzerland Germany Turkey Hungary Union of Soviet Israel Sovalist Republics Italy United Kingdom lapse United States Korea (Democratic of America People’s Republic of) ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES Part 2: Methods for determining losses and efficiency of rotating electrical machinery from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) SECTION ONE — GENERAL Scope This Recommendation applies to d.c. machines and i, a.c; s4chronous and induction machines of all sizes within the scope of IEC Publigitinn, 34--The principles can, however, he applied to other types of machines such as rotary. convgffore: a. ¢; gommutator motors and single- phase induction motors for which other methods sfdctcrinining losses are gencrally used, Object This Revomendadis is iiteuded WWestablish methods of detectnininy efficiencies frum ests, andalso to specity methods of obtasning particular Josses when these are requited for other pur: poses. General ‘Tests shall be conducted on a.compietely sod machine with all covers fttedin the manner Tequired for normal service, with any. deviges-for automatic voltage regulation not a composite part pf the machine itself beifiz made inoperative, unless otherwise agreed. ‘Measuring instruments and their:qécessories, such as measuring transformers, shunts and bridges usor! duriagsthe tests, tinless otherwise specified, shall have an accuracy class not above 1.0 (IEC Potficatio’ 51, Recommendations or Indicating Electrical Measuring Instrumentsandtheir “Acceskaries)Jnstruments for détermining dc. resistance shall hefo acenracy class not ahoved. 5 gtruments shall Be selected to give readings over the effective range such that a fraction of a division i¢'asmall pefcentage of the actual reading and can be easily estimated, (On machines with adjustable brushes, the brushes shail be placed in the position correspond- ing to the specified rating. For measurements on no-load, the brushes may be placed on the neutral Speed af ratation may he measuted hy.a strohosenpie method, digital cannter or tachometer When measuring slip, theaynchronous speed should be determined from the supply frequency dur ing the test. 41 42 When the overall ellicieney or the absorbed power is measured for a group of urachines comprising two electrical machines, or a machine and a transformer, or a generator and its driving machine, or a motor and its driven machine, there is no need to indicate the individual efficiencies. If, however, these are given separately, they should be regarded as approximate. List of symbols A list of symbols used in the draft, with the general meanings attributed to'tach one, is iven below: 1 current J, = load current at rated voltage J, = main primary current at reduced voltage 1, = no-load current at rated voltage Jo no-load current at reduced voltage J — moment of inertia 1 ~ rated speed, in revolutions per mineate P= power absorbed at rated voltae Py. = power absorbed by main pAiary.windingiat reduced voltage s =slip U = excitation voltage agians terminals ofmain rheostat Uz total excitation, lt, Ui, © rated volage U, reduced voltaggitor load tei y= load phige-angle ¥Crated voltage 9, ~ Toag:phast-anete af reduced voltage yy — noctoxa phaseangle at cated voltage, Gor sbb:toad hase iigle at reduced ¥oNige ‘Defin For definitions of'general.terms used in this Recommendation, reference should be made to the: Lsuesit foal Flectratechiieel Voestsulary [TFC Publication SO] PSE the ponpese of this Recommendation, the following definitions apply ‘Efficiency ‘Rye iatio of outpsFiv input expressed in (he same units and usually given as a percentage. Toral toss +The difference between the input and the output Reaking test A test in which the mechanical power output of a machine acting as a motor is determined by the measurement of the shaft torque, hy means of a brake or dynamometer, together with the rotational speed. Alternatively, a est performed on a machine acting as a generator, by means of a dynamometer to determine the mechanical power input, us Calibrated driving machine test A test in which the mechanical input or output of an electrical machine is calculated from the electrical output or input of a calibrated machine mechanically coupled to the machine on test Mechanical back-to-back test ‘A test in which two identical machines are mechanically coupled. together, and the total losses of both machines are calculated from the difference bet\een'the electrical input to one machine and the electrical output of the other machiné (See Figure 1. page 54), Electrical back-to-back test A test in which two identical machines fire niéehiinically coupled together, and they are both connected electrically to a paver systéttThe total losses of both machines are taken as the power input drawn from the ¥istenitsee Fignire 2, page $4) Retardation test A test in which the'Josses int’ a machine, aie deduced from the rate of deceleration of the machine when’ anly-thie: lasses are present Calorimerrtérest A test in.whieh the losses in'a‘machftiéére deduced from the heat produced by them. The ToSses are cifculated front the prodiiét of the amount of coolant and its temperature rise, and the heaeiigsipated in the surraunding media. No-loiia dest ‘A test in which the’machine is run as a motor providing no useful mechanical output from the shit, Openceircuit rest A test in which a machine is run as a generator with its terminals open-circuited. Sustained short-circuit test A test in which a machine is run as a generator with its terminals short-ci Zero power factor test A no-load test on a synchronous machine which is over-excited and operates at a power factor very close to zero. = BH > Reterence temperature Unless otherwise specified. all /2R losses shall be corrected to one of the temperatures given below: Classes A, E and B: 75 °C Classes and H: 115°C Note — The eefeonce temperaire need not necessarily correspond with te limits sempeggtie rise permitted for the actual class of insulation used for a particule part of the-machine SECTION TWO,i,.D'€ MACHINES 6. Losses to be included ‘The total lasses may, bé taken sy the

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