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HOOKWORMS of Man
Misnomer NO HOOKS (plates and teeth only)
Hangs in the intestine
HABITAT
MORPHOLOGY
SMALL INTESTINE
ADULT
LARVA
Caused by:
- A. braziliense(CAT)
- A.caninum(DOG)
- A.ceylanicum(HAMSTER)
CREEPING ERUPTION
SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER
Strongyloides stercoralis
Cochin China diarrhea
SIMILARITIES with HOOKWORM:
-life stages, forms of larva, infective stage, MOT,
habitat in man
DIFFERENCES:
Buccal cavity: no teeth nor plates
Life cycle: 4x MOLTING
Population affected: ADULT, institutionalized
SMALL INTESTINE
RHABDITIFORM: stouter
FILARIFORM: pointed
EGGS
L1
FILARIFORM
Infective
Thin and long
Adult form
Never survive in the soil
L3
Ovoid
Yellowish
Thin shelled
SKIN PENETRATION
PATHOGENESIS
- erythema
- itchiness
- reddish pinpoint lesions
VASCULAR/LYMPHATIC PENETRATION
-70% of parasite will look for this site
PULMONARY(ALVEOLAR)
-for N.americanus ONLY
-dyspnea/ dry cough/ chest pain/ back pain
-alveolar rupture release of larva mix with
secretions larynx pharynx
swallowed(tonsilopharyngeal area)
bloodstreaked due to ruptured
capillaries(sputum)
-minute hemorrhages/ inflammatory infiltrates
GIT(MUCOSA)
-maturation/ differentiation/ sexual
reproduction
-erosion/ ulceration/ hemorrhages/ abd. Pain/
nausea/ diarrhea
PATHOLOGY:
INTESTINAL
-sucking blood: A. duodenale >> N.americanus
SYSTEMIC
-anemia (RBC with halo: no iron/ no hemog/
hypochromic)
*apathy/ fatigue/ palor/ puffiness face/
dyspnea/ palpitation/ syncope/generalized
edema
-dyspnea
TRANS BY: LOMJA TRANS BY: LOMJA
Autoreinfection/hyperinfection
ACUTE
-focal erythema
-edema
-urticaria
-petechiae
-migration to lungs, brochi, trachea throat
irritation
CHRONIC
HYPERINFECTION(Not common
sa hookworms)
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
INFECTIVE
STAGE
DIAGNOSTIC
STAGE
-loss of appetite
-easy fatigability,pale
PROTEIN LOSS
-liver reduced capacity of producing albumin
-combined loss of rbc, plasma, tissue fluid
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:
CUTANEOUS LESION GROUND ITCH
SPUTUM
-eosinophils/ charot leydin crystals
HAIR
-fine/ sparse
WAKANA DISEASE
INTESTINAL TRACT
-anorexia/ flatulence/ diarrhea/ vague/ abd
discomfort and burning pain (relieved by food
intake)
ANEMIA
OTHERS
-deformed nails/ pica/ cardiac murmurs/ signs
of high output failure
SKIN DEPIGMENTATION
-kwashiorkor
CHRoNIC INFECTION
-delayed puberty/ stunted growth/ loss of
mental faculty
PREGNANCY
-inc. mortality
Eggs in FECES
Direct fecal smear
Kato-katz method
Barium meal exam
ALBENDAZOLE
MEBENDAZOLE
PYRANTEL PAMOATE
Stool exam
Duodenal fluid exam
Sputum exam (charot leydin and eosinophils)
THIABENDAZOLE
IVERMECTIN
THIABENDAZOLE
IVERMECTIN
Altx: Mebendazole/ pyrivium pamoate
L3 filariform larvae
Egg
filariform