FLORANTE AT LAURA

Florante and Laura by Francisco Baltazar (also known as Balagtas) is one of the masterpieces of
Philippine literature. The story was written during Balagtas' imprisonment. His book is dedicated to Maria
Asuncion Rivera, his sweetheart whom he nicknamed "M. A. R.". Maria Asuncion Rivera was later married to
Balagtas' rival, Mariano Capule. It was Capule who made false charges against Balagtas.
Florante at Laura had profound impact on those who would later be the leaders of the Philippine's fight for
independence. Its impact on Filipino literature is no worse, or even greater. The poem, when it came out, was
immensely popular and widely circulated. Since then, Florante at Laura has been judged as a masterpiece of
Tagalog poetry, and Baltazar as the Shakespeare of Filipino literature. Many people, however, believe that this
is an allegory of the suffering of the Filipinos under the Spanish regime. In fact, in the Philippines, this was
probably the first time that love of country was extolled in a popular literary work.
Florante at Laura is a lyrical love story in the form of a narrative called awit. Florante at Laura
portrays the indictment of the oppressive forces wreaking havoc in the country during the 19th century. It was
written in Tagalog, in plosa or dedoca syllabic quatrains, with rich allusions and figures of speech to effectively
communicate moral and social values to ordinary Filipinos
The story is about the struggle and love of Duke Florante and Princess Laura of Albania during the
warring period between the Albanians and Muslims.
Florante at Laura is written in metric verse, a popular poetic form at that time, and combines with it the
storytelling of a comedia. On its face, it is a love story between Florante and his lady love, Laura, set in Albania
and Athens, Greece.
Fransisco Baltasar (Balagtas) 1788-1862
Baltazar's tale of the lovers Florante at Laura, is probably the most famous poem written in the Filipino
language. Francisco Baltasar, known popularly as Balagtas, was born in Bulacan, a province just north of
Manila, on April 2, 1788. Francisco Baltazar (Balagtas), is the most well-known poem written in the Filipino
language. For this, Baltazar is given the title Ama ng Tulang Tagalog (Father of the Tagalog Poem).
It was in Manila in 1835 that he met his muse, "Celia". It was in pursuing Celia (Maria Asuncion
Rivera) that a rival suitor had caused him to be sent to jail. It is believed that he wrote Florante at Laura during
his time in prison.
After his release, Balagtas went on to marry a different woman, Juana Tiambeng. They had 11 children. Later,
Balagtas became a small-town mayor, and occupied himself by writing poems and numerous moro-moros -plays about the battle between Christians and "Moors" during the crusades, until his death in 1862.
SYNOPSIS
In the Albanian forest
The story begins deep within a dark, gloomy forest. Florante, a duke of the Kingdom of Albania is tied
to a tree, lamenting the loss of his father, Duke Briseo. He is driven mad by the thought that his beloved,
Princess Laura, has fallen into the arms of his enemy, Count Adolfo, son of Count Sileno. Nearby, two starving
lions keep watch and try to attack Florante. He is saved, just in time, by Aladin, a Muslim prince who happens to
be at the forest at the same time. Weak and bewildered, Florante faints....
The merciful soldier nurses Florante to health. Upon recovery, Florante is initially taken aback by Aladdin as he
considers as an enemy due to his Islamic faith. After a few explanations are made, however, Florante is grateful
& begins to tell his story.
Florante's tale
The son of a princess and a royal adviser, Florante grew up in happiness, showered with love. He liked
to play games when he was six, and was almost killed by a vulture that tried to snatch a gem on his chest. He
was saved by his cousin Menalipo, an archer from Epirus.
At an early age of 11, his parents, Duke Briseo and Princess Floresca, sent him to Athens, Greece to
study under Antenor, a renowned teacher. There, he met Adolfo, a fellow countryman, the brightest student in
their school. After 6 years of study, Florante surpassed Adolfo's capabilities, talents and intelligence, gaining
popularity and recognition. Adolfo took this very personally.
While acting during a school play, Adolfo attempted to kill Florante. Fortunately, Florantes friend,
Menandro, was quick enough to intervene. Adolfo headed home to Albania after his failed attempt. One year
later, Florante received a letter from his father, announcing the death of his mother.
Though filled with grief, Florante waited two months before he returned home. Menandro, unwilling to
be separated from him, accompanied him on his journey. Upon his arrival to Albania, an emissary of the
kingdom of Croton requested his assistance in the incoming war against the Persians. Florante had not the will
to refuse, for the King of Crotone was his grandfather.
During his stay in Albania, Florante was invited to the king's palace. There, he was stunned by the sight
of Laura, the daughter of King Linseo, ruler of Albania.
Coming to the aid of Crotone, Florante fought with the Persian general, Osmalik for 5 hours, finally
slaying him in the end. He stayed in Crotone for 5 months before returning to Albania to see Laura. He was
surprised by the to the people of the Albania sight of a Persian flag waving atop the kingdom. He recaptured the

palace and saved his father, the king, and Adolfo. He also saved Laura from being beheaded from the hands of
an Emir. He was declared Defender of Albania for his bravery, deepening Adolfos envy and hatred.
Florante protected the kingdom, once more, from the Turkish forces, under general Miramolin, an
acclaimed conqueror. This took place in Aetolia, where he later received a letter from his father. The letter
summoned him back to Albania. He left his troops in the care of his friend, Menandro. Upon returning, he was
ambushed by 30,000 soldiers and under Adolfos orders and was imprisoned for 18 days. There, he learned of
the tragic fate of his father and the king. Under Adolfos hands, they were beheaded. Florante was then exiled
into the forest and tied to the tree.
Aladdin's Tale
After months of wandering in the forest, the Persian, Aladin shares that he is also in a similar
circumstance. Sultan Ali-Adab accused his own son, Aladin, of leaving his troops and allowing his conquered
enemy to be recaptured. He arranged for his son to be beheaded. Flerida, very much in love with Aladdin,
begged the Sultan not to kill, but merely exile his son. In return, Flerida agreed to marry the Sultan, who was
very taken with her.
Reunion and Peace
Aladdins speech is interrupted when they hear voices. A woman narrates her escape from a kingdom
and a marriage. She speaks of her search for her beloved, a search which lasted 6 years. She shares that while
deep in the forest, she heard cries for help. Finding a lady about to be raped by a man, she uses her bow and
arrow to kill him. The woman introduces herself as Flerida.
The lady saved by Flerida is revealed to be Laura, who begins to tell her story. While her love was away
at war, Count Adolfo gained the popularity of the people, having lied to them and turned them against the king.
Count Adolfo then rose to the throne, forcing Laura to be his queen. An army under Menandro, Florante's
childhood friend, was able to overthrow Adolfo from power. Adolfo, seeing all was lost, fled into the woods,
taking Laura as hostage.
After hearing all this, Florante and Aladdin reunite with their loved ones. Florante and Laura returned to
Albania, and became king and queen. Aladin and Flerida returned to Persia, where Aladdin became the new
sultan as his father committed suicide. The two kingdoms lived in harmony and peace.
Characters
Florante - Duke of Albania and the main protagonist of the novel.
Laura - Daughter of King Linceo of Albania. She is the love interest of Florante and is later married to
him.
Count Adolfo - Rival of Florante and the antagonist of the novel. His jealousy and envy on Florante
sparked his rebellion against the king. He was also responsible for the imprisonment of Florante. He was
killed by Flerida as he attempted to rape Laura in his escape against the forces loyal to the king.
Aladdin/Aladin - Son of Sultan Ali-Adab of Persia. He saved Florante from being eaten by lions in the
forest. Later, he got married to his love, Flerida.
Flerida - Aladin's fiance. She asked Sultan Ali-Adab to spare Aladdin's life on the condition that she
will be Ali-Adab's wife. She later escaped and killed Count Adolfo as he attempted to rape Laura.
Duke Briseo - Father of Florante and a nobleman of Albania. He was killed, along with King Linseo, by
Count Adolfo during his usurpation of power.
Princess Floresca - Mother of Florante and the Princess of Crotone. She died while Florante was
studying in Athens.
King Linceo - King of Albania and the father of Laura. He was killed by Count Adolfo during his
usurpation of power.
Sultan Ali-Adab - Sultan of Persia and the father of Aladdin. He sentenced his son to be executed
because of his cowardice in the battlefield. In exchange for Aladdin's life, Flerida promised her marriage
to the Sultan. After her escape, the Sultan committed suicide.
Count Sileno - Father of Adolfo.
Menalipo - Cousin of Florante. He saved Florante from vultures when they were younger.
Menandro - Friend and confidant of Florante. They first met in Athens and Menandro saved Florante
from Adolfo's attempt at murdering him. He and Florante both shared military expedition. He also led
the overthrow of Count Adolfo and restored peace in Albania.
Antenor - Professor of Florante, Menandro, and Adolfo in Athens
General Osmalik - A general of Persia. He was killed by Florante during a military expedition.
General Miramolin - General of the Ottoman Empire. He was responsible for the invasion of Albania
in order to bring the kingdom into Islamic control.
Emir - One of the commanding officer who sacked Albania together with Aladdin during the ongoing
campaign of Florante and Menandro in Crotone. He nearly slay Laura for it's refusal to love him but was
defeated.