M07 NFS PDF

NFS
2011 NetApp, Inc. This material is intended for training use only. Not authorized for reproduction purposes.
MODULE OBJECTIVES
NFS OVERVIEW
NFS OVERVIEW
The Network File System (NFS) is a protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1984, allowing
users on a client computer to access files over a network as easily as if the network devices were attached to
its local disks. NFS, like many other protocols, builds on the Open Network Computing Remote Procedure
Call (ONC RPC) system. The NFS protocol is specified in RFC 1094, RC 1813, and RFC 3530.
EXPORTED RESOURCES OVERVIEW

In the diagram above, SS1 contains resources that many users need such as data_files, eng_files, and
misc_files.
To use a resource, SS1 must have the resource exported and Client1 must have the resource mounted. A user
on Client1 can then change to the directory (cd) that contains the mounted resource and access it as if it were
stored locally (assuming that permissions are set appropriately).
SETTING UP AND CONFIGURING NFS
SETTING UP NFS
CLI: NFS SETUP

When you license NFS on a storage system, it starts the daemons (rpc.mountd and nfsd) that handle NFS RPC
protocol.
The following are NFS configurable options:
nfs.v3.enable
nfs.v4.enable
nfs.tcp.enable
nfs.udp.xfersize
SYSTEM MANAGER: NFS SETUP
SYSTEM MANAGER: NFS SETUP (CONT.)
10
EXPORTING RESOURCES
11
EXPORTING RESOURCES
To export resources, use one of the following methods:
For persistence across reboots, specify the resources to export in the /etc/exports file; and then execute the
exportfs -a command to make changes effective immediately.
For temporary access, use the exportfs command to export resources not specified in the /etc/exports
file, or to export resources specified in the file but with different access permissions.
FIVE RULES FOR CREATING EXPORTS
1. You must export each volume separately. If you create, rename, or destroy a volume, the /etc/exports file is
updated automatically. This functionality can be disabled using the options nfs.export.autoupdate switch.
2. The storage system must be able to resolve host names if used in exports:
/etc/hosts, NIS, DNS
3. Access must be granted in a positive way:
A host is excluded when it is not listed or it is preceded by a dash (-).
If no host is specified, all hosts have access.
4. Subdirectories of parent exports can be exported with different option specifications.
5. Permissions are determined by matching the longest prefix to the access permissions in the /etc/exports file.
12
ADDING AN EXPORT: /ETC/EXPORTS

System administrators must control how NFS clients access files and directories on a storage system. Exported
resources are resources made available to hosts. NFS clients can only mount resources that have been
exported from a storage system licensed for NFS.
To export directories, add an entry for each directory to the /etc/exports file, using the full path to the directory
and options. The full path name must include /vol.
Export specifications use the following options to restrict access:
root = list of hosts, netgroup names, and subnets
rw = list of hosts, netgroup names, and subnets

ro = list of hosts, netgroup names, and subnets
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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
14
EXPORTING
15
THE EXPORTFS COMMAND

To specify which file system paths Data ONTAP automatically exports when NFS starts up, add export entries
to (or remove them from) the /etc/exports file. To manually export or unexport file system paths, use the
exportfs command in the storage system CLI.
EDITING THE /ETC/EXPORTS FILE
To add export entries to (or remove from) the /etc/exports file, use a text editor on an NFS client that has root
access to the storage system.
The following is an example of /etc/exports file entries:
#Auto-generated by setup Mon Mar 24 14:39:40 PDT 2008

/vol/vol0
-sec=sys,ro,rw=sun,root=sun,nosuid
/vol/vol0/home
-sec=sys,rw,root=sun,nosuid
/vol/flexvol1
-sec=sys,rw,root=sun,nosuid
16
TEMPORARY EXPORTS
OPTION
Root Access
Read-Write
Access
Read-Only
Access
Anonymous
User ID
DESCRIPTION
The root option specifies that the root on the client has root
permissions for the resource when it is mounted from the storage
system.
The rw option gives read-write access to specific hosts. If no host
is specified, all hosts have read-write access.
The ro option gives read-only access to specific hosts. If no host is
specified, all hosts have read-only access.
The anon option determines the UID of the root user on the
client.
17
COMMON EXPORTFS OPTIONS

To export a file system path and add a corresponding export entry to the /etc/exports file, enter the following
command:
exportfs -p [options] path
NOTE: If you do not specify an export option, Data ONTAP automatically exports the file system path with
the rw and sec=sys export options.
To export all file system paths specified in the /etc/exports file and unexport all file system paths not specified
in the /etc/exports file, enter the following command:
exportfs r
To unexport all file system paths without removing the corresponding export entries from the /etc/exports file,
enter the following command:
exportfs uav
To unexport a file system path without removing the corresponding export entry from the /etc/exports file,
enter the following command:
exportfs -u path
To unexport a file system path and remove the corresponding export entry from the /etc/exports file, enter the
following command:
exportfs -z path
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SYSTEM MANAGER: EXPORTING
19
SYSTEM MANAGER: EXPORTING (CONT.)
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21
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25
MOUNTING
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MOUNTING FROM A CLIENT

Use the mount command to mount an exported NFS directory from another machine.
An alternate way to mount an NFS export is to add a line to the /etc/fstab (called /etc/vfstab on
some UNIX systems). This line must specify the NFS server host name, the exported directory on
the server, and the local machine directory where the NFS share is to be mounted. For more
information, see the NFS documentation for your client.
27
OTHER NFS ADMINISTRATION RESOURCES
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MODULE SUMMARY
29
EXERCISE
Please refer to your Exercise Guide for more instruction.
30
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING: ANSWERS
33

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NFS

EXPORTED RESOURCES OVERVIEW

SETTING UP AND CONFIGURING NFS

CLI: NFS SETUP

SYSTEM MANAGER: NFS SETUP

SYSTEM MANAGER: NFS SETUP (CONT.)

ADDING AN EXPORT: /ETC/EXPORTS

rw = list of hosts, netgroup names, and subnets

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

THE EXPORTFS COMMAND

#Auto-generated by setup Mon Mar 24 14:39:40 PDT 2008

COMMON EXPORTFS OPTIONS

SYSTEM MANAGER: EXPORTING

SYSTEM MANAGER: EXPORTING (CONT.)

SYSTEM MANAGER: EXPORTING (CONT.)

SYSTEM MANAGER: EXPORTING (CONT.)

SYSTEM MANAGER: EXPORTING (CONT.)

SYSTEM MANAGER: EXPORTING (CONT.)

SYSTEM MANAGER: EXPORTING (CONT.)

MOUNTING FROM A CLIENT

OTHER NFS ADMINISTRATION RESOURCES

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING: ANSWERS

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