Naming Acids “What makes an acid unique and how are acids named? Why? Cased in foods, industry, and research. Acids are covalently bonded ‘molecules, but Karey of acids Fai of ai arte they produc ons, One ofthe ons produced i ays 1H, which immedi- to form the hydronium ion (H,O°). The H,O° ion is what defines Wely combines with a water molecule ately orc properties of a substance. Because of thei special Classification, acids have a naming system ‘ {ifferenc from ionic or other molecular (covalent) compounds. ( 2 7 Kucoxe, Model 1 — Binary Acids Acid ee Cation (#)* ‘Anion () | HCl Hydrochloric acid HO pt+ HO | Ch | HBr Hydrobromic acid HO Bre HS Hydrosulfuric acid 2H,0° s HF Hydrofluoric acid HO’ (e ‘solution to form hydronium ions, H,0". (HL) join with water molecules in Hydrogen ions 5, Complete the cation and anion © ow the charges on the ions. Why does hydrosulfuric acid contain «wo hydrogens? To hydrogens with a +1 charge are required 9 balance the 2— charge of the sulfide anion. Look at the formulas and names of the binary acids in Model 1. ‘a. What prefix is used atthe beginning of the name for all binary acids? Binary acids begin with the prefix “hydro- 4b, What sulfixis used at the end of the name for all binary acids? The names of binary acids end with “ie,” followed bythe word “acid.” si” means “two.” Propose a reason thatthe acids in Model 1 are all referred to as ‘olumns of the table in Model 1. Be careful to sh “The prefix “binary” acids. ‘All binary acids have two different Write a rule for naming binary acids. “All binary acids begin with the pref hydro, which precedes the na ddogen, inthe compound. The name ofthis nonmetal is modified Example: hydro. ic acid. Co elements or atoms in them. a ime of any nonmetal other than to end with the suffix -ic. Naming AcidsModel 2 — Ternary Acids (Oxyacids) Ae peeeees ia Cation (») | Polyatomic Anion | Polyatomic Anion Chlorie acid HO" | Chlorate Sulfurous acid HO Sulfite Sulfuric acid HO" Sulface Phosphorous acid HO" Phosphite _ Phosphoric acid HO Phosphate Nitric acid HO ‘Nitrate a Nitrous acid HO Nicrite H,CO, Carbonic acid HO" coe Carbonate | 6. Look at the formulas of the ternary acids in Model 2. 4. How are ternary acids different from binary acids in their structure? Ternary acids contain polyatomic anions—oxygen is part of the polyatomic anion in each case. Ternary acids have three different elements, while binary acids have only two. 4. What number do you think the prefix “ter-” refers to? Three. 7. When ternary acids are mixed with water, ions will form, Fill in the table above with the formulas and names of the anions. See the table above. 8. Examine the pairs of ternary acids in Model 2 that contain sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Each pair has one acid that ends in “-ic” and another that ends in ‘-ous.” These endings are related to the name of the polyatomic anion found in the acid (“-ate” or “ite”. Complete the statements below with the correct acid name ending. Polyatomic anion ending is “-ate” —> acid name ending is_~ic Polyatomic anion ending is “-ite” —> acid name ending is _-04s _. 9. If the prefix “hydro-” were used to name a ternary acid, what problem would this create when naming HCIO,? The name could be confused with HCl, the binary acid thas is also named hydrochloric acid. a... Write a rule for naming ternary acids. Ternary acids do not use the prefix hydro- in front of the polyatomic anion name. Ternary acids end in -ic if the polyatomic anion ends in -ate. Ternary acids end in -ous if the polyatomic anion ends in -ite. 11. Predict the formula for chlorous acid. HCIO, 12. Circle the acid(s) below that would be named beginning with the prefix “hydro-.” 2 H,SO, iG Gs) H,CO, HNO, 142 POGIL™ Activities for High School Chemistry ee pe een’Extension Questions Model 3 — Halogen Oxyacid open ee Acid Families ‘Name of A ‘Anion Name Perchloric acid | Perchlorate HCO, Chloric acid | Chlorate HClO, ‘Chlorous acid clo, | Chiorice HClO Hypochlorous acid} clo |_Hopochlorite HBO, Perbromic acid BrO- | Perbromate HIO, Todic acid 10," | Todate HFO, Fluorous acid FO," | Fluorite HIO “Hypoiodous acid 1" | Hypoiodite | ‘See the table above. 14, Consider the names of the oxyacid coxyacids chat use the same naming plece the table. See the table above. 15, The table below includes both binary and ternary acids. Us activity, fil in che missing formula 13, Write the formulas of the cations and anions for ea is in Model 3 that contain chlori ‘convention. Fill in the names of and name for the anion i ch acid in the table in Model 3. ine. All halogens form similar the halogen oxyacids to com- ng what you have learned in this n each acid, and give the formula of the acid. ‘Acid name ‘Anion ‘Anion Name ‘Acid Formula Hydroiodic acid Tr Todide HI | Chlorous acid clo, Chlorite HClO, | Hypobromous acid Bro! Hypobromite ‘HBrO \ Phosphoric acid PO* Phosphate H,PO, \ Sulfurous acid SOx Sulfite HSO, \ Neto Aride 143