Chip Seals

ISSA
January
y 26,, 2010
Mike DeGraff

A chip seal is...

application of an asphalt binder

f ll
followed
db
by application
li ti off aggregate
t
which is then rolled
and broom if excess rock is a problem

A good chip seal can...

Provides all-weather surface

protect the underlying pavement
waterproof the roads surface
seal small cracks
improve surface friction
extend service life
improve safety
by improving skid resistance

Seal Coat quality depends

on

Design Factor
C diti off surface
Condition
f
Materials
Equipment
A li ti ttechnique
Application
h i

Specifications Kansas
Kansas
Pre-coat Limestone
Light Weight

Specifications Missouri
Missouri has 3 gradations
Grade A the minus 200 can not exceed
1%
Grade B the minus 200 can not exceed
2.5 %
Grade C the minus 200 can not exceed
3.5 %
The Micro Duval for Lightweight is 20 for
both grades A & B

Design
g Factor

2000
1900
1800
1700

2000
1900
1800

1600

1700

1500

1600

1400

1500

1300

1400
1300

1200

1200

Average Average1100

1100

Traffic

Traffic

1000

1000

Daily

Daily

900

900

800

800
700

700

600

600

500

500
00

400

400

300
200

300

100
0.86

200
100
0.84

0.88

0.90

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1.00

1.02

1.04

Traffic Evaluation Factor

0.86

0.88

0.90

0.92

Traffic Evaluation Factor

0.94

0.96

0.98

1.00

1.02

1.04

% Retained

1.4

20

30

40

MPS

50
0.05

0.10

#16

#8

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

60

70

80

90

100
#4

Median Particle Size:

0.28

T E Factor

0.84 (From Graph)

Basic Residue

Pavement
Condition
Adjust

Revised
A li ti
Application
Rate:
Ra

Revised
Application
Rate
Re

#3/8

Trafic Count:

3500 ADT

0.2352 Gals. / sq.yd

0.04 Gal / sq.yd ( See Below)

0.2752 Gals / sq. yd (Residue)

Ra
=
% Residue
0.72

0.3822 Gals/sq.yd (Bitumen)

Pavement Conditions:
Flushed Asphalt Surface

Adjustments Gals / sq/yd

-0.03

Smooth Non Porous Surface

Slightly Porous, Oxidized Surface

0.00
0.02

Slightly Pocked, Oxidized Surface

Badly Pocked, Porous, Oxidized Surface

0.04
0.06

Condition of
S f
Surface

The existing
gp
pavement must
be...

structurally sound
repaired, patched, allowed to cure
clean no loose fragments
clean,
relatively dry
temperature where the seal can cure
completely

Materials
Asphalt
A h lt Bi
Binders
d
gg g
Aggregate

Asphalt
p
Binders

Asphalt binders used in chip

sealing
Rapid setting emulsions, usually
Medium setting emulsions, sometimes
with fine aggregates, for example
Cutback asphalts
Hot applied ACs

TYPES OF BINDERS
CATIONIC

CRS-1H
CRS-1HP
CRS-2
CRS-2P

TYPES OF BINDERS
ANIONIC

RS-1
RS-1H
RS 1HP
RS-1HP
RS-2

TYPES OF BINDERS
HIGH FLOAT

HFRS-2
HFRS-2P
EA 90
EA-90
EA-90P
EA-150

TYPES OF BINDERS
CUTBACK
MC-250
MC-800
MC 800
MC-3000

TYPES OF BINDERS
HOT AC
AC 20 5 TR

Aggregate
gg g

AGGREGATES
SHOULD NOT BE
TO DUSTY
TO WET

Aggregates
gg g
for seal coats
should be...

one-sized
cubical
clean
angular
hard
resistant to abrasion

Ideal Seal

Aggregates
gg g
Used for Chip
p Seal

Trap Rock
Granite
Creek Gravel
Lightweight
E
Expanded
d d Sh
Shale
l (H
(Haydite)
dit )
Limestone
Cinders
Sand

Granite Sand
Great Friction
Good Handling

Medium Contrast
Low Dust

Trap
p Rock
Great Friction
Good Handling

Great Contrast
Low Dust

Crushed Creek Gravel

Good Friction
Good Handling

Low Contrast
Low Dust

3/8 Expanded Clay

Light Weight

Good Friction
Great Handling
Light Weight
Medium Contrast
Low Dust

 Expanded Clay
Light Weight

Good Friction
Great Handling
Light Weight
Medium Contrast
Low Dust

3/8 Limestone

Good Friction
Good Handling
Good Availability
Great Contrast
Moderate Dust

 Limestone

Good Friction
Good Handling
Good Availability
Good Contrast
Moderate Dust

Cinders
Great Friction
Good Handling
Recycled

Great
G t Contrast
C t t
Low Dust

Equipment
q p

DISTRIBUTOR

Distributor
checked and calibrated
proper nozzle size and angle set
spray bar height set
to eliminate streaking/drilling
pump should also be calibrated

CHIP
SPREADER

Calibrate Chip Spreader

You need 2 3
3 x3
3 pieces of tarps
You need eyelets on the 4 corners
Lay the tarps at the edge of the chip box
Just before you get to the tarps turn your chip
box on
Weigh the tarps and see the volume.
Light Weight should be 10# to 12# per square
yard.

DUMP TRUCKS

PNEUMATIC
ROLLER
12 TON MINIMUM
STOP AFTER SET

Rolling Chip Seal

Rubber-tired rollers
Roll immediately after chipping
Roll from the shoulder to the center
Orients chips on their flat side
Several rollers
rollers, with 2 to 4 passes
last pass in direction of traffic

POWER
BROOM

Sweeping of pavement
lightly broom the excess chips
time before you broom varies
one day to a few weeks
excess chips can dislodge other chips
can also damage windshields
fog seal can also be applied

Application
T h i
Technique

Application of emulsion
surface and air temps > 60F
surface relatively dry
no threat of rain

Traffic control important

road opened to traffic only after rolling
lowered traffic speed for 2 hours
may vary with local conditions
pilot car recommended
to control traffic speed

Most common defects in a seal coat

construction
L
Loss off cover aggregate
t
g or bleeding
g
Flushing
Lack of adhesion to the old surface

Loss of cover aggregate

Dirty aggregate
Insufficient asphalt
Cover material spread to late
Spray bar not calibrated properly

The Finished Road

A smooth, chip sealed road

surface...
iimproves riding
idi comfort
f t
increases skid resistance and safetyy
protects & preserves underlying
pavement
decreases road user costs
vehicle
hi l maintenance
i t
costs
t
fuel costs
traveling time