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13 Umts Core PDF
13 Umts Core PDF
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
VLR
BTS
MS
GMSC
BSC
HLR
PCU
AuC
SGSN
EIR
BTS
IP Backbone
GGSN
database
Internet
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
PSTN, ISDN
MSC
Iu CS
GMSC
VLR
BS
UE
MSC
HLR
Iur
Uu
AuC
Iub
RNC
BS
SGSN
EIR
Iu PS
Gn
IP Backbone
GGSN
database
Internet
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
PSTN
Iub
3GPP Rel
Rel.99
.99 Network Architecture
Radio access network
UTRAN
Iub
RNC
BS
UE
Iur
Uu
Iub
RNC
BS
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
2G => 3G
MS => UE
(User Equipment), often also
called (user) terminal
New air (radio) interface
based on WCDMA access
technology
New RAN architecture
(Iur interface is available for
soft handover,
BSC => RNC)
MSC is upgraded to 3G
MSC
Iu CS
MSC
GMSC
VLR
SGSN is upgraded to 3G
SGSN
GMSC and GGSN remain
the same
AuC is upgraded (more
security features in 3G)
HLR
AuC
SGSN
EIR
Iu PS
Gn
IP Backbone
GGSN
Internet
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
PSTN
GMSC
Server
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
MGW
SGW
MGW
PS core as in Rel.99
PSTN
SGW
RANAP / ISUP
SS7 MTP
IP
Sigtran
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
MSC
Server
GMSC
Server
SGW
MGW
core
SGW
MGW
PS core as in Rel.99
PSTN
CS core
SGSN
GGSN
PS core
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
HSS
Internet
GERAN
(GSM and EDGE Radio
Access Network)
IMS (IP
Multimedia
System)
MGW
PSTN
New core
network part:
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
MGW
IMS (IP
Multimedia
System)
SGSN
HSS
GGSN
PS core
Call/session control
using SIP (Session
Initiating Protocol)
CS core
PSTN
Content provider
Service provider
Service provider
Carrier provider
End user
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
End user
API
3G network
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
API
API = Application
Programming
Interface
(Standardised)
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
The IMS
The IP Multimedia Subsystem
Vincenzo Mancuso, PhD
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
The IMS
The Third generation networks aim to merge
two most valuable resources in communication
technology, along with local PSTN networks
Cellular Networks
The Internet
Use packet switching, IP
The IP Multimedia Subsystem or IMS is the solution to integrate all
the services that the internet provides with the cellular and other
networks
Triple Play: coordination of voice, video and data
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Codec
RTP
UDP
IP
Why IMS?
Solutions to make the address resolutions
MSN, Yahoo, AOL have
designed a calling
architecture hypercentralized: 1 table
worldwide, only 1 operator
Skype promotes a hyperdecentralized architecture:
1 table per terminal with
peer-to-peer update
between terminals
tel:+17324567888
zzeb@tmobile.co
m
IMS Subscriber
Sip:zehan.zeb@example.com
tel:+88028112347
Public User Identities
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
User Identity
Private identity
Issued by home provider
Used for AAA
Saved on ISIM (not modifiable)
Public
User Identity 1
Private
User Identity 1
Public identity
IMS
Normal SIP address (URI or TEL)
Subscription
Identifies the user publicly
User has one or more identities
Used for routing
Can be grouped into implicit registration sets
Public
User Identity 2
Public
User Identity 4
Private
User Identity 2
Public
User Identity 5
Public
User Identity 6
Use a temporary identity derived from USIM during initial registration (derived from
IMSI)
PIDs are then provided by the S-CSCF in its reply to the registration
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Implicitly
Registered ID
Set 1
Service
Profile 2
Public
User Identity 3
Service
Profile 1
Implicitly
Registered ID
Set 2
Implicitly
Registered ID
Set 3
Service
Profile 3
Service
Profile 4
UICC
Universal Integrated Circuit Card
Used to store data, including authentication
information
Contains one or more applications
SMS
Phonebook
SIM
GSM Subscriber Identity Module
USIM
UMTS SIM
ISIM
IMS SIM
IP Multimedia Subsystem
An enabler
of new
applications
Next-gen
network
architecture
A standard
IMS
SIP
Video Clips
Sports, News
IP Network
SIP
ServiceService-layer
ControlControl-layer
TransportTransport-layer
At Home
SIP
On the Move
Converged Services
Rich Communications
SIP
SIP
SIP
In the Office
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Voice
PushPush-2-Talk
Push--2-View
Push
PushPush-2-X
Location-Presence, Location
based Services
Picture
Messaging,
MM Messaging
Streaming
Audio, Video
E-mail
IM
Games,
Music
Downloads
Interactive Services,
Interactive Gaming
IMS
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
IMS goals
Combine latest trends in tech
Run fast, no time for standardization of services
Mobile/Nomadic internet
Create a platform for multimedia
services
and their development
Exploit/allow mobile packetswitching networks
Not a mere circuit-switching replacement
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
IMS requirements
Support for establishing IP Multimedia
Sessions
Audio, video, messaging
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Protocols in IMS
3GPP reuses protocol developed by other
standards development organizations
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standard Institute)
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications)
Diameter
Client Application
Diameter
Server Application
Authentication
Are you really who you say you
are?
Accounting
Session Management
Session Management
Routing Management
Routing Management
Connection
Management
Connection
Management
Base Protocol
Base Protocol
$
DIAMETER
by IETF RFC3588
Evolution of RADIUS
Base protocol
Diameter applications
Diameter applications used to customize/extend the base protocol for different interfaces, environments, and
applications
E.g.: interact with SIP session setup (Authorization and Authentication)
E.g.: interact with the billing subsystem to control accounting
E.g.: interact with routing entities
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
IMS Architecture
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Access Independent
Applications
Internet
3G mobile
WLAN
WiMAX
DSL
Fibre
Ethernet
IMS Platform
PSTN
IP transport
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
MGW
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
AS
AS
SIP
DIAMETER
Session
Control
Layer
SIP
SIP
HSS
MR
F
MGCF
MGW
Connectivity
Layer
H.248
SIP
IP Network
GGS
N
PSTN/PLMN
CPE
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Access to IMS
The user can connect to an IMS network in
variety of ways, all of which use the
standard Internet Protocol (IP) for packet
switching
e.g., IMS terminals can register directly
on an IMS network
e.g., mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and computers
even when they are roaming in another network or country (the visited
network)
The only requirement is that they can use IPv6 (also IPv4 in early IMS)
and run SIP user agents
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Mobile access
e.g., W-CDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, GPRS
Wireless access
e.g., WLAN, WiMAX
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
SIP servers
CSCF (Call/Session Control Function)
Databases (HSS,SLF)
HSS is an evolution of the HLR (Home
Location Register) of GSM
Contains the user-related subscription data (e.g., location,
authorization and authentication information)
More than one HSS is possible
If #HSS > 1 SLF required
SLF maps users address to HSSs
HSS and SLF use DIAMETER with an IMSspecific diameter application
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
More on HSS
HSS is a master user database that
supports all the IMS network functions
that actually handle communications
contains the subscription-related information (user profiles)
performs authentication and authorization of the user
can provide information about the user's physical location
is similar to the GSM Home Location Register (HLR) and
Authentication Centre (AUC) together
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
CSCF
SIP servers or proxies, collectively called Call
Session Control Function (CSCF), are used to
process SIP signaling packets/messages in
the IMS
P-CSCF (Proxy)
I-CSCF (Interrogating)
S-CSCF (Server)
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
SIP
PCSCF
ICSCF
SIP
SIP
SCSCF
SIP
SIP
S-CSCF
I-CSCF
Located at Edge of Administrative Domain (contact point for inter-domain messages)
Is the Ingress Network Point Defined in DNS
Shields Network Topology from External Networks
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Sweden
User
Irish
User
Sweden User
In roaming
Irish User
In roaming
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
CSCF
P-CSCF (Proxy)
Outbound/Inbound proxy server
First server contacted by the user
Fixed while registered
Security functions (integrity protection, IPSec,)
Authenticates the user and extend the authentication to
other nodes within IMS
Compress/decompress SIP messages
Generates charging info
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
P-CSFC details
SIP proxy that is the first point of contact for the IMS
terminal
It can be located either in the visited network (in full IMS
networks) or in the home network (when the visited
network isn't IMS compliant yet)
The terminal discovers its P-CSCF with either DHCP
Other nodes trust the P-CSCF, and do not have to authenticate the user again
It can also compress and decompress SIP messages
it may include a Policy Decision Function (PDF), which
authorizes media plane resources
it also generates charging records
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
CSCF
I-CSCF (Interrogating)
SIP proxy at the edge of a domain
Advertised by DNS
Interface to HSS and SLF for routing purposes
Optional: encryption of sensitive information about
the domain (THIG: topology hiding inter-network
gateway)
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
I-CSCF details
It is another SIP function located at the edge of an
administrative domain
Its IP address is published in the DNS of the domain
remote servers can find it, and use it as a forwarding point (e.g. registering) for
SIP packets to this domain
The I-CSCF queries the HSS using DIAMETER to
retrieve the user location
then it routes the SIP request to its assigned S-CSCF
Up to Release 6 it can also be used to hide the
internal network from the outside world (encrypting
part of the SIP message)
in which case it's called a THIG (Topology Hiding Inter-network Gateway)
From Release 7 onwards this "entry point" function is removed from the ICSCF and is now part of the IBCF (Interconnection Border Control Function)
which is also a firewall and a nat.
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
CSCF
S-CSCF (Server)
SIP server with session control functions
SIP registrar (maintains a mapping between user
location and public user identity)
SIP routing
PEP
Always located in the home network
Interfaced with the HSS (e.g., to download the
users profile)
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
S-CSCF details
It is the central node of the signaling plane
SIP server + session control
AS
Three different AS types
SIP AS
native IMS application server
AS as a SIP Proxy
(e.g. find a taxi)
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
AS as a SIP Terminal
(e.g. web server: receive media data!)
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
SIP
MRFC
MS
MS
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
MRF
The MRF (Media Resource Function) provides a
source of media in the home network
It provides media related functions such as media
manipulation (e.g. voice stream mixing, media
trans-coding) and playing of tones and
announcements.
Each MRF is further divided into
Media Resource Function Controller (MRFC) signaling plane
Media Resource Function Processor (MRFP) media plane
The MRFC acts as a SIP User Agent to the S-CSCF,
and controls the MRFP with a H.248 interface
The MRFP is a media plane node that implements
all media-related functions
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Multiparty Calls
(MRF as a special AS)
REFER:
Ask other
to join
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Multiparty Call
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Multiparty Call
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
BGCF
The Breakout Gateway Control Function is a
SIP server that includes routing
functionality based on telephone numbers
used when calling from the IMS to a phone in a circuit switched
network
e.g., IMS to Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or to
Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
BGCF routes to the appropriate (remote)
circuit switching domain
BGCF selects the (local) PSTN/CS gateway
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
PSTN Gateway
SGW
ISUP
SIP
BGCF
SIP
SIP
MGCF
H.248
MGW
TDM
Centralized DB
HLR successor
User profile
Filter criteria (sent to S-CSCF)
Which applications
Which conditions
Application Servers
Push-to-talk
Instant messaging
Telephony AS
3rd party or IMS Vendor
Home Network
DNS
ENUM
AS
AS
AS
HSS
P-CSCF
Media Gateway
Control Function
Diameter
SIP
P-CSCF
UA/UE
I-CSCF
SIP
S-CSCF
SIP
SIP
MRFC
MS
SIP
SIP
UA/UE
SIP
MS
Interfaces to PSTN/PLMN by
Converting SIP <-> ISUP
Interworking RTP to circuit
H.248 control of MGW
SIP
BGCF
SIP
MGCF
ISUP
SIP
Call Session
Control Function
H.248
SIP registration
SIP session setup
RTP
MGW
SS7
TDM
Serving CSCF
Proxy CSCF
1st contact point for UA
QoS
Routes to S-CSCF
Visited
Network
Registrar
Session control
Application Interface
Interrogating CSCF
Entry point for incoming calls
Determines S-CSCF for Subscribers
Hides network topology
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
PSTN
Network--toNetwork
to-Network Connectivity
SIP
UA/UE
Access
DNS
ENUM
RTP
RTP
Visited
Network
HSS
Diameter
SIP
Backbone
Packet
Network
AS
AS
AS
SIP
P/SP/S-CSCF
SIP
I-CSCF
SIP
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
SIP
SIP
SIP
MRFC
MS
SIP
SIP
MS
SIP
BGCF
SIP
MGCF
ISUP
RTP
Home
Network
Proxy/Serving CSCF
Manages call origination
Selects destination network
Routes to I-CSCF
Interrogating CSCF
Entry point for incoming calls
Determines S-CSCF for Subscribers
Hides network topology
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
H.248
MGW
SS7
TDM
PSTN
IMS architecture
Examples
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
HSS
When the phones
get connected they
register their
name/IP to the HSS
SIP
S-CSCF
SIP
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
AS
S-CSCF
Changes the SIP message replacing taxi by
the IP address of the nearest available taxi
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
S-CSCF
SIP
MRFC
MRFP
Visited Network
HSS
P-CSCF
S-CSCF (consumers)
I-CSCF
S-CSCF (enterprises)
Home Network
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
MGCF
Legacy Call control (SS7)
SIP
H248 MGCP,
Megaco
RTP
Phone transmission
Internet
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
MGW
PSTN/PLMN network
Service Platform A
(ASA )
P-CSCFC
PDF
Gm
SIP/SDP
inviting
uey@homeb.com
SIP / SDP
SIP / SDP
S-CSCFA
SIP / SDP
S-CSCFB
Access Network B
P-CSCFD
PDF
Gm
Go
Go
SGSN GGSN
Data- Path
SIP/SDP
GGSN SGSN
IP Backbone Network
UEA
UEB
PDP Context
PDP Context
Sessionlevel(SIP/SDP signalling)
Bearer level(PDPcontext activation / modification / Release)
Interaction betweensession andbearer level(COPS)
I-CSCF (between P-CSCF and S-CSCF) not shown for simplicity
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Network X
AS
AS
S-CSCF
S-CSCF
HSS
HSS
I-CSCF
I-CSCF
P-CSCF
P-CSCF
SGSN
DSL/Cable Modem
GRX
Network Z (UMTS/GPRS)
GGSN
DSLAM/CMTS
RNC
User A
User B
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
SIP functionality
SIPs main goal is to deliver a session descriptor to a
user at his/her/its location
A session descriptor contains the information needed
for a remote user to join the session
IP address and port
Codecs
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
SDP
version
user
subject
user IP
Session-level
Start time
G711-law
Stream
directio
n
H.261 codec
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Media-level
SIP entities
Registrar
User Agent
SIP endpoints handled by users (also automatically, based on userdefined rules)
Proxy server
SIP routers
Usually is co-located with the registrar, and always uses the information
on the registrar (through a location server) to route the calls
Forking proxy
Parallel or serial forking in the message routing
Redirect server
For routing, but no message delivery
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
SIP transactions
Transaction structure
A request from the client
Zero or more provisional responses from the server
A final response from the server
Each message begins with a start line
Request line (in a request)
Method
Request URI
Protocol version
Protocol version
Status Human
code code
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Start line
One or more headers (name:value)
---------EMPTY LINE --------Message body (OPTIONAL)
SIP message format
SIP methods
ACK
BYE
CANCEL
INFO
INVITE
NOTIFY
OPTIONS
PRACK
PUBLISH
REGISTER
Prerequisites
Two--phase registration
Two
Offline subscription
Login to the
IP access net
Inbound/Outbound
Fixed Proxy
DHCP or
Lower level
mechanism
Online registration
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
P-CSCF discovery
The IMS terminal has to discover the IP address of the
P-CSCF
The procedure can be
stand alone (DHCP+DNS)
integrated with the access to the IP (e.g., with the PDP context)
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
IMS--level registration
IMS
The user requests authorization to use
the IMS
The IMS authenticate and eventually
authorize the user
SIP REGISTER is mandatory
DIAMETER is used by the CSCF to contact the HSS
For security reasons, the user is challenged to show its
identity this require two SIP REGISTER messages
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Without
authentication
DL User Auth
vector
IMS--level registration
IMS
authentication
vector included
DL User
Profile
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
Session
setup
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello