HAVE

I did the laundry yesterday. (Eu lavei a roupa ontem.)

I had the laundry done yesterday. (Eu mandei lavar a roupa ontem.)
Quando no a prpria pessoa que faz a ao, usa-se o verbo "have" na sentena.
Ex: He has his car washed every week.
Pessoa (para quem algo feito) = He
Verbo Have = has
Objeto da orao = his car
Past Participle = washed
Ex: Joe will have the food delivered tomorrow.
Pessoa (para quem algo feito) = Joe
Verbo Have = will have
Objeto da orao = the food
Past Participle = delivered
Observaes:
1. As formas interrogativa e negativa dessas oraes so feitas com "do / does" (Simple
Present) / "did" (Simple Past).
Ex: They had their house painted.
Did they have their house painted?
They didn't have their house painted.
2. O verbo "get" aparece no lugar de "have" s vezes.
Ex: I got the classroom cleaned this afternoon.
"It + to take"
I swept the floor in one hour. = It took me one hour to sweep the floor.
(Eu varri o cho em uma hora.) = (Me levou uma hora para varrer o cho.)
It takes me three hours to walk home.
Sujeito = It
Verbo take = takes
Pessoa = me
Tempo = three hours

Verbo no infinitivo = to walk

Estas construes podem ser usadas no presente, passado, futuro.

PAST CONTINUOUS
Formao

Exemplo

Uso

Acompanhado

I was walking
You were driving
Para expressar Normalmente de
He was sleeping
aes que
advrbios de
was / were +
She was skating
estavam
tempo passado
gerndio
It was raining
acontecendo no (yesterday,
We were typing
passado
last night, etc.)
You were singing
They were dancing
Ex: Lucy was sleeping when the telephone rang last night.

PAST PERFECT
O "Past Perfect Tense" formado por "had" + Particpio Passado. Quanto forma do
Particpio Passado, os verbos podem ser regulares ou irregulares.
Infinitive

Past

Past Participle

Past Perfect

to sell
to do
to fall
to talk
to sleep
to give
to take
to buy

sold
did
fell
talked
slept
gave
took
bought

sold
done
fallen
talked
slept
given
taken
bought

I had sold
You had done
He had fallen
She had talked
It had slept
We had given
You had taken
They had bought

O "Past Perfect Tense" expressa aes passadas, acabadas, que aconteceram antes de
uma outra ao passada (verbo no "simple past").
Ex: The children ate everything she had cooked.

He had fallen off his horse twice before he got home.

PHRASAL VERBS
"Go in" = entrar
Ex: I can't go in the building because I forgot my keys.
"Walk into" = entrar
Ex: I opened the door and walked into the room.
"Get out" = sair
Ex: He got out of the car and walked home.
"Look out" = olhar para fora
Ex: Jeniffer looked out the window at the beautiful landscape.
"Get on" = subir
Ex: Paul got on the bus.
"Get off" = descer
Ex: He got off at the next stop.
"Fall off" = cair de
Ex: Sally fell off the horse and broke her leg.
"Go up" = subir
Ex: The prices are going up daily.
"Look up" = olhar para cima
Ex: Joe looked up at the bright red sun.
"Fall down" = cair
Ex: The leaves fall down from the trees, in Autumn.
"Lie down" = deitar-se
Ex: He told her to lie down and get some rest.
"Run away" = fugir
Ex: The little girl ran away from home.
"Drive away" = afastar-se de carro

Ex: They drove away as fast as they could.

"Go back" = voltar
Ex: They went back to pick him up.
"Look around" = olhar ao redor
Ex: He looked around, there was nobody there.
"Turn around" = dar a volta
Ex: We turned around when we realized we were going the wrong way.
"Climb over" = escalar, transpor
Ex: He climbed over the gate as if he had done that all his life.
"Pick up" = pegar
Ex: Your eraser is on the floor. I'll pick it up for you.
"Put down" = largar
Ex: Put that book down and help me with the groceries please.
"Bring back" = trazer de volta
Ex: I'll lend you my CD player, but you must bring it back.
"Take back" = levar de volta
Ex: I realized I had gotten the wrong keys, so I took them back.
"Give back" = devolver
Ex: Lucy gave Tom's things back to him.
"Put back" = colocar de volta onde encontrou
Ex: You may use the scissors as long as you put them back in the drawer afterwards.
Observe:
"Put on" = colocar
Ex: I'm running today, so I'll put my sneakers on.
I'm running today, so I'll put on my sneakers.

TEMPOS VERBAIS CONDICIONAIS

Simple Conditional: Would ('d) + Infinitivo sem "to"

Forma Completa

Forma
Abreviada

I would be
You would be
He would be
She would be

I'd be
You'd be
He'd be
She'd be

It would be

It'd be

We would be
You would be
They would be

We'd be
You'd be
They'd be

Traduo

Eu seria / estaria
Tu serias / estarias
Ele seria / estaria
Ela seria / estaria
Ele / ela (neutro)
seria / estaria
Ns seramos / estaramos
Vs sereis / estareis
Eles seriam / estariam

Conditional Perfect: would have + particpio passado

Forma Completa

Forma Abreviada

Traduo

I would have been

You would have been
He would have been
She would have been

I'd have been

You'd have been
He'd have been
She'd have been

It would have been

It'd have been

We would have been

You would have been
They would have been

We'd have been

You'd have been
They'd have been

Eu teria sido / estado

Tu terias sido / estado
Ele teria sido / estado
Ela teria sido / estado
Ele / ela (neutro)
teria sido / estado
Ns teramos sido / estado
Vs tereis sido / estado
Eles teriam sido / estado

As Sentenas Condicionais
As sentenas condicionais so formadas por duas oraes: orao principal e orao
subordinada introduzida pelas conjunes condicionais "if" (se) e "unless" (a menos que).
Ex: She will go to the party if you invite her.
Orao principal = She will go to the party
Orao subordinada = if you invite her
He won't do this for you unless you pay him.
Orao principal = He won't do this for you
Orao subordinada = unless you pay him
Tipos de sentenas condicionais
1. Orao principal (simple future) + orao subordinada (simple present)
Ex: They will travel if the tickets are cheap.

2. Orao principal (simple conditional) + orao subordinada (simple past)

Ex: We would call her if we knew her phone number.
Observao: O passado do verbo "to be" s possui a forma "were" nas sentenas
condicionais.
Ex: I would cancel that appointment if I were you.
3. Orao principal (conditional perfect) + orao subordinada (past perfect)
Ex: I would have helped you if I had known you were in trouble.

USED TO
"Used to" - para expressar um hbito / costume, no passado.
Ex: I used to play soccer when I was a boy.
Para falar de uma situao no passado que j no mais verdade.
Ex: I used to live in the country when I was a child.
A forma negativa de "used to" : "Did... use to...?"
Ex: Did you use to go to work by car?
A forma negativa de "used to" : "...didn't use to...".
Ex: I didn't use to smoke ten years ago.

VOZ PASSIVA
O Verbo Passivo
Observe estes exemplos:
Voz ativa: People admire Van Gogh's paintings.(Simple present)
Voz passiva: Van Gogh's works are admired.
(are = simple present / admired = particpio passado)
Voz ativa: She made that cake.(Simple past)
Voz passiva: That cake was made.
(was = simple past / made = particpio passado)

Na voz passiva o verbo "to be" vai para o mesmo tempo do verbo principal da voz ativa. O
verbo principal fica sempre no particpio passado.
Tabela dos tempos verbais ativos e voz passiva equivalente:
Tempo Verbal

Voz Ativa

Voz Passiva

to be (are / is)
Past Participle (done)
Simple Past
did
was / were done
Present Continuous are / is doing
are / is being done
Present Perfect
has / have done has / have been done
Past Perfect
had done
had been done
Simple Future
will do
will be done
Conditional
would do
would be done
Infinitive
to do
to be done
Gerund
doing
being done
Simple Present

do / does

Quando uma preposio fizer parte do verbo, ela deve permanecer na voz passiva.
Observe estes exemplos:
Voz ativa: I will take care of the child.
Voz passiva: The child will be taken care of.
Voz ativa: We have to build up our self esteem.
Voz passiva: Our self esteem has to be built up.
Na voz passiva, o advrbio de modo colocado imediatamente antes do verbo no
particpio passado.
Voz ativa: The teacher taught the lesson very well.
Voz passiva: The class was very well taught.
(Very well = advrbio de modo)
O Sujeito Passivo
O objeto da voz ativa torna-se o sujeito da voz passiva. O sujeito da voz ativa torna-se o
agente da voz passiva. O agente da voz passiva, quando mencionado, sempre precedido
de "by".
Voz ativa: Oscar Wilde wrote this story.
Voz passiva: This story was written by Oscar Wilde.
Voz ativa: The rain destroyed that neighborhood.
Voz passiva: That neighborhood was destroyed by the rain.

Observe:
Voz ativa: He has given his mother a blouse.
Voz passiva: 1. A blouse has been given to his mother.
Voz passiva: 2. His mother has been given a blouse.
Quando a sentena na voz ativa tiver dois objetos, (o direto e o indireto), possvel, em
teoria, duas formas de voz passiva. O primeiro exemplo de voz passiva possvel, mas
no muito comum. O segundo exemplo de voz passiva a forma mais utilizada, (o
objeto indireto torna-se o sujeito da passiva).
O Agente da Voz Passiva
A voz passiva usada quando queremos enfatizar o que foi feito e no quem fez. Por isso
o agente da passiva no deve ser mencionado, a no ser que ele tenha importncia para o
sentido total da sentena.
Exemplo:
Voz ativa: Someone broke the mug.
Voz passiva: The mug was broken by someone.
Neste caso, o agente no tem nenhuma importncia para o sentido total da sentena e
deve ser omitido.
Voz ativa: The storm has damaged the house.
Voz passiva: The house has been damaged by the storm.
Neste caso, devemos mencionar o agente pois, com ele, a sentena fica com o sentido
enriquecido.
A Voz Passiva Impessoal
(Infinitivo depois de verbos na voz passiva)
Ex: He is said to be very handsome.
He is thought to have been very rich.
Quando encontrarmos verbos tais como: know, consider, think, believe, understand, find,
say, tell), na voz passiva, esta ser formada de outra maneira. Observe:
Voz ativa: People consider that she is very smart.
Orao principal: People consider
Orao subordinada: she is very smart.
Voz passiva: She is considered that to be very smart.
Neste tipo de voz passiva:
1. o sujeito da orao subordinada torna-se o sujeito da passiva.

2. o verbo da orao principal colocado na forma passiva.

3. "that" eliminado
4. O verbo da orao subordinada colocado no infinitivo com "to".
Mudanas do verbo da orao subordinada:
Active Voice

Simple Present
Simple Past

Passive Voice

Present Infinitive
(to + infinitivo)
Perfect Infinitive
(to have + particpio passado)