EROSION

CORROSION
ERNITA AULIA 18050524040
RENGGA HARDIANSYAH 18050524041
EROSION
Removal of material from the surface by the action of
solid or liquid particles.

It occurs due to :
a. High velocity of solid or liquid particles.
b. Abrupt changes in the fluid flow.
c. Large amount of entrained solid or liquid particles.
CORROSION
‒ Destruction or deterioration of a material by it's
environment.
‒ Occurs due to chemical or electrochemical action.
‒ It is a reverse process of extraction.
‒ In extraction metal is extracted from more mostly
oxide e.g iron oxide.
‒ In corrosion, iron is converted to oxide.
EROSION CORROSION
a. Accelerated or increase in the rate of deterioration on a metal
because of relative movement between corrosive fluid and metal
surface.
b. Relative movement is quite rapid, so mechanical wear effects are
involved.

Metal is removed from the surface either :

• In the form of solid corrosion products
• In the form of dissolved ion
EROSION CORROSION
Remember the distinction between erosion and erosion – corrosion :
 Erosion is the straightforward wearing away by the mechanical
abrasion caused by suspended particles e.g. sand – blasting, erosion
of turbine blades by droplets.
 Erosion – corrosion also involves a corrosive environment. The metal
undergoes a chemical reaction.
EXAMPLES  Many metals and alloys susceptible to erosion corrosion
e.g. aluminum, lead, stainless, and carbon steel.

 All types of equipment exposed to fluid are susceptible to

this type of corrosion such e.g. piping systems, elbows,
tees, valves, pumps, and blowers.

 Also centrifuges, propellers, impellers, agitators, and heat

exchanger tubing.

 Measuring devices like orifices, turbine blades, ducts and

all those equipments which are some way the other
exposed to fluids.
 APPEARANCE
• It appears in the form of grooves, gullies,
waves, rounded holes and valleys.

• they typically shows a directional pattern.

• This is figure showing erosion corrosion

of consenser tube wall by water flow.
CORROSIVE MEDIAS

Many types of corrosive media could Gases, aqueous solutions, organic

cause erosion corrosion system and liquid metals are some
common corrosive medias that cause
this type of corrosion.
 SURFACE FILMS
• These are specially developed
layers on the surface of metals
which can protect the metal from
metals.
• Such films develop due to the
action of different environment on
metal e.g. Al2O3 film developed on
Al metal protect it from corrosion.
• Diffusion barrier is formed by
ionic dissolution followed by
precipitation.
• There are two types of such films :
- relatively thick porous difussion barriers,
formed on carbon steel (red rust) and
copper (coprous oxide).
- The thin invisible passive film on SS, Ni,
and Ti etc
• It is more easily damaged and can be
corroded.
• Passive films are formed by direct
oxidation and can withstand much more
sever condition.
MECHANIS
M
1. Exact mechanism of erosion
corrosion is less understood but
it believed it due to :
a.Turbulent flow
b.Impact of suspended solid particles
c.Liquid droplets in gas flow
d.Impact of gas bubbles in aqueous
flow
 3. It cause agitation of the
liquid at the metal surface.

2. Turbulent flow is one of

4. It result in more contact
the major cause behind the
between metal and
occurrence of erosion
corrosion. environment i.e. fluid.
 • Solid particles entrained in
5. Is it mostly confined to few inches liquid flow damage both types of
at tubing inlet, why? surface films explained above.
• Such particles can erode the
metal as well and contribute to
metal loss.
• This happens due to high impact
of solid particles on the object
through which fluid is passing.
• It is the figure of erosion
corrosion of 100 mm dia pipe by
sand slurry
 7. It generates impulsive and
destructive contact pressure.

6. Liquid droplet can cause

8. It is a problem with low
erosion corrosion due to
pressure turbines and also
exposure of solid to repeated
impact by droplets. rain erosion of aircrafts.
EFFECT OF
FLOW  Flow velocity plays an important role in erosion corrosion.
 At high velocities corrosion rates may be high or low.

VELOCITY  Corrosion rate of steel may be high at high velocity as it may

provide O2, CO2, H2S in contact with metal surface.
 It may decrease corrosion rate and improve effectiveness of
inhibitors by providing chemicals to the metal surface at
higher rate e.g. less Sodium Nitrate is required to protect
steel from tap water at high velocity.
 It can decrease attack by preventing deposition of silt and
dirt on metal surface.
 Suspended solid will damage the surface protection at high
velocity.
 GALVANIC EFFECT

• This effect is nil if

metals are in contact but
in static condition.
• Two metal effect or
• But this effect is
galvanic effect influence
pronounced under
corrosion of metals are
dissimilar. moving conditions.
NATURE OF METAL AND ALLOY

01 02
• Chemical composition, • Composition tells us
corrosion resistance and metal’s corrosion
hardness can affect this resistance, how?
type of corrosion.

03 04
• Soft metals can easily be • Hardness is best criteria
eroded by the action of to control to wear.
fluid or other reagents
favoring erosion
corrosion.
PREVENTIVE METHODS

Methods are used to prevent erosion corrosion :

1. Design
2. Alteration of Environment
3. Coatings
4. Cathodic Protection
5. Better Material
a. Design involves change the shape, geometry
of part.
b. Design of inlets and outlets should be
streamlined prevent turbulence.
1. DESIGN
c. It also involves redesigning the flow of the
liquid to ensure there is less turbulence.
a. Settling and filtration to remove solid
particles.
b. Temperature of environment should be
reduced.
a. Coatings are utilized but they are not much
effective.
b. Welded overlays and hard facing are applied 3.
at times.
c. Repair of attacked areas is done by welding. COATINGS
a. Helps to reduce attack.
b. Not much used in erosion corrosion.
c. Steel plates are used on condenser head for
cathodic protection.
d. Zinc plugs are used for water pumps.
a. Use that material which is more corrosion
resistance than previous one.
b. It is an economical solution of erosion
corrosion.
THANK
YOU