TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

Danh sch nhm 3:

1.
2.

NHM 3

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

NHM 3

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

MC LC
CHNG 1 KHO ST DN THP HNH CHU TI TRNG TNH.................................4
1.1 Mc ch th nghim :........................................................................................................4
1.2 Cu to v cc kch thc ca dn thp :...........................................................................4
1.3 Thit b th nghim :...........................................................................................................4
1.4 S th nghim :..............................................................................................................5
1.5 Qui trnh th nghim :.........................................................................................................5
1.6 S liu th nghim :............................................................................................................6
1.7 Cch tnh ton l thuyt v ng sut, bin dng, vng:................................................7
1.7.1
Chuyn v ti cc nt ng h o theo kt qu tnh sap2000:....................................8
1.7.2
Bin dng ti cc im da vo kt qu bi ton SAP...............................................8
1.8 Mi quan h P- ti v tr ng h.....................................................................................9
1.9 Mi quan h ca P- ti cc v tr bin tr.......................................................................11
CHNG 2 DM BTNG CT THP CHU TC DNG CA TI TRNG TNH......14
2.1 Mc ch th nghim:.......................................................................................................14
2.2 Cu to, kch thc dm b tng ct thp v s th nghim:......................................14
2.2.1
Cu to:.....................................................................................................................14
2.2.2
Kch thc:...............................................................................................................14
2.2.3
S th nghim:.....................................................................................................15
2.3 Thit b th nghim:..........................................................................................................16
2.4 Quy trnh tin hnh th nghim:.......................................................................................16
2.5 V th quan h gia P v chuyn v gia dm 2........................................................17
2.5.1
Kt qu th nghim:..................................................................................................17
2.5.2
V th P- :..........................................................................................................18
2.5.3
Tnh cc thng s c trng ca tit din.................................................................20
2.5.4
th P- B: (theo TCVN 356 - 2005 )...................................................................21
2.5.5
th P- B..............................................................................................................22
2.5.6
Tnh ton chuyn v theo l thuyt SBVL................................................................23
2.5.7
th P- B..............................................................................................................24
2.6 So snh vi kt qu l thuyt tnh ton SBVL, l thuyt BTCT v s liu thc o. Khi
ti trng tng kt qu l thuyt no ph hp vi kt qu thc nghim hn? Gii thch ti sao?
25
2.7 So snh vi thc nghim t th:..................................................................................26
2.8 Khi ti trng tng kt qu l thuyt no ph hp vi kt qu thc nghim hn? Gii
thch ti sao?...............................................................................................................................26

NHM 3

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

CHNG 1

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

KHO ST DN THP HNH CHU TI TRNG TNH

1.1 Mc ch th nghim :
- Xc nh ng sut trong thanh dn , vng , chuyn v ca dn. T so snh kt qu gia
tnh ton l thuyt v th nghim kim tra s ph hp gia 2 kt qu.

1.2

Cu to v cc kch thc ca dn thp :

-Dn thp hnh thang 5 nhp, mi nhp cao 0.5 m, bc nhp 1m.

-Cc thanh cnh : Thp L40x40x4 (Tra bng)

F = 3.08 cm

J x = 4.58 cm

E = 2.1 10 daN/cm

-Cc thanh bng : Thp L40x40x3 (Tra bng)

F = 2.35 cm

J x = 3.55 cm

E = 2.1 10 daN/cm

1.3 Thit b th nghim :

-Thit b o chuyn v:
+Dial micrometers:
Kim Di quay trn mt ng h c 100 khong chia, mi vch tng ng 0.01 mm
chuyn v thng.
Kim ngn quay trn vng chia c 10-50 vch, mi vch tng ng 1 mm chuyn
v thng.

Hnh ng h o
NHM 3

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

-Thit b o bin dng: Cm bin in tr o bin dng thp (Strain gages). Bin tr loi 120 v
h s GF = 2.1

Hnh bin tr
-Kch thy lc: hai quang treo v n gia ti
+Pmax = 20 Tn
+n v ng h: kG/cm2
+ng knh piston: D = 5.82 cm
-Thc kp , thc thp.
-H thng thu nhn tn hiu cm bin P3500 + SB10

1.4

S th nghim :
K

2
1
A

E
C

Hnh: S th nghim
1. V tr o bin dng : i
2. V tr o vng

: i

1.5 Qui trnh th nghim :

Dng thc thp o khong cch ca dn thp
Ni cc dy o cm bin vo v tr cn o
t cc ng h o chuyn v ng v tr cn o v lun chm vo dn thp khi tng
ti
c gi tr trn ng h o chuyn v , hp o bin dng ti cp p lc 0 v ghi li.
Tin hnh tng ti.Cc cp p lc ln lt l 6.25 ; 12.5 ; 18.75 ; 25; 30 ; 35 ; 40 ; 45 ;
50 ; 55 ;60.
Ti mi cp p lc ghi li gi tr ca ng h o chuyn v v hp o bin dng.

NHM 3

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

1.6 S liu th nghim :

D tnh cp gia ti P (kG/cm2) ca kch thy lc :
Din tch Piston :

5.822
Fpiston= 0,5
= 26.6 (cm2)
4
T ta suy ra lc tc dng ln dm thng qua hai quang treo v n gia ti:
P = AFpiston (kG)
Vi A : tr s c trn kch thy lc (kG/cm2)
P
(kG/cm2)
0
6.25
12.5
18.75
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60

P (kN)
0
0.8309
32
1.6618
65
2.4927
97
3.3237
29
3.9884
75
4.6532
21
5.3179
67
5.9827
13
6.6474
59
7.3122
04
7.9769
5

S liu o th nghim:
P
(kG/cm2)
0
6.25
12.5
NHM 3

Bin dng (x10-6mm)

Chuyn v (mm)

4
3.87
3.72

10
10.11
10.37

7
7.2
7.45

33
32.8
32.55

-1906
-1898
-1887

-1235
-1234
-1233

-2477
-2468
-2456

-1380
-1395
-1411

-2120
-2132
-2150
6

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

18.75
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60

3.59
3.46
3.31
3.15
3.02
2.86
2.73
2.6
2.49

10.55
10.73
10.94
11.15
11.34
11.57
11.76
11.95
12.1

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

7.68
7.9
8.16
8.42
8.61
8.92
9.14
9.35
9.53

32.33
32.11
31.86
31.62
31.4
31.13
30.91
30.7
30.52

-1876
-1866
-1853
-1840
-1829
-1816
-1805
-1794
-1784

-1231
-1230
-1229
-1227
-1226
-1224
-1223
-1222
-1221

-2443
-2432
-2419
-2405
-2394
-2380
-2368
-2358
-2348

-1425
-1439
-1454
-1471
-1485
-1502
-1522
-1534
-1547

-2165
-2182
-2201
-2222
-2238
-2260
-2278
-2296
-2312

S liu th nghim hiu chnh:

6.25 = x 6.25 x 0 ; 12.5 = x 12.5 x 0 ..
6.25 = y 6.25 y 0 ; 12.5 = y 12.5 y 0 ..
Bin dng (x10-6)

Chuyn v (mm)

P
(kG/cm2)

0
6.25
12.5
18.75
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60

0
0.13
0.28
0.41
0.54
0.69
0.85
0.98
1.14
1.27
1.4
1.51

0
-0.11
-0.37
-0.55
-0.73
-0.94
-1.15
-1.34
-1.57
-1.76
-1.95
-2.1

0
-0.2
-0.45
-0.68
-0.9
-1.16
-1.42
-1.61
-1.92
-2.14
-2.35
-2.53

0
0.2
0.45
0.67
0.89
1.14
1.38
1.6
1.87
2.09
2.3
2.48

0
-8
-19
-30
-40
-53
-66
-77
-90
-101
-112
-122

0
-1
-2
-4
-5
-6
-8
-9
-11
-12
-13
-14

0
-9
-21
-34
-45
-58
-72
-83
-97
-109
-119
-129

0
15
31
45
59
74
91
105
122
142
154
167

0
12
30
45
62
81
102
118
140
158
176
192

1.7 Cch tnh ton l thuyt v ng sut, bin dng, vng:

ng sut bin dng:
ng sut trong thanh chu ko, nn:

Theo nh lut Hooke (giai on n hi ):

Do :

N
F

.E

N
(*)
EF

Trong :
E module n hi ca vt liu thp
NHM 3

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

N lc dc trong thanh dn ang xt ng vi cp ti

F din tch tit din ngang ca thanh dn

1.7.1 Chuyn v ti cc nt ng h o theo kt qu tnh sap2000:

Ti ng h 1 ( nt 3 ) tng ng vi
Ti ng h 2 ( nt 4 ) tng ng vi
Ti ng h 3 ( nt 6 ) tng ng vi
Ti ng h 4 ( nt 7 ) tng ng vi
P
(kG/cm2)
0
6.25
12.5
18.75
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60

Chuyn v (mm)
1

0.0607
0.2496
0.4386
0.6275
0.8165
0.9676
1.1188
1.2700
1.4211
1.5723
1.7234
1.8746

0.0828
0.3448
0.6069
0.8690
1.1310
1.3407
1.5504
1.7600
1.9697
2.1793
2.3890
2.5987

0.1015
0.4148
0.7281
1.0414
1.3547
1.6053
1.8559
2.1066
2.3572
2.6078
2.8585
3.1091

0.0967
0.3972
0.6977
0.9982
1.2986
1.5390
1.7794
2.0198
2.2602
2.5006
2.7410
2.9814

1.7.2 Bin dng ti cc im da vo kt qu bi ton SAP

Tit din mt thanh thp cnh : F =3.08 cm2, E =2.1x104kN /cm2
Tit din mt thanh bng : F= 2.35 cm2, E =2.1x104kN/cm2
Th t tng ng vi cc bin tr t 1 n 5.

P(kG/cm2)
0
6.25
NHM 3

N1(kN)
0.851
3.335

N2(kN)
0.145
0.146

N3(kN)
0.852
3.336

N4(kN)
-0.817
-3.301

N5(kN)
-0.817
-3.301
8

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

12.5
18.75
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60

5.820
8.304
10.788
12.776
14.763
16.751
18.738
20.726
22.713
24.701

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

0.147
0.149
0.150
0.152
0.153
0.154
0.155
0.157
0.1578
0.159

5.820
8.305
10.789
12.776
14.764
16.751
18.738
20.726
22.714
24.701

-5.784
-8.267
-10.751
-12.737
-14.724
-16.711
-18.698
-20.684
-22.671
-24.658

-5.784
-8.267
-10.751
-12.737
-14.724
-16.711
-18.698
-20.684
-22.671
-24.658

Bin dng theo cng thc l thuyt (*):

Bin dng (x10-6)

P
(kG/cm2)

0
6.25
12.5
18.75
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60

6.578540507
25.78076685
44.99072356
64.19294991
83.39517625
98.76314162
114.1233766
129.491342
144.851577
160.2195424
175.5797774
190.9477427

1.120903
1.128633
1.136364
1.151824
1.159555
1.175015
1.182746
1.190476
1.198207
1.213667
1.219852
1.229128

6.586271
25.7885
44.99072
64.20068
83.40291
98.76314
114.1311
129.4913
144.8516
160.2195
175.5875
190.9477

-6.31571
-25.5179
-44.7124
-63.9069
-83.1092
-98.4617
-113.822
-129.182
-144.542
-159.895
-175.255
-190.615

-6.31571
-25.5179
-44.7124
-63.9069
-83.1092
-98.4617
-113.822
-129.182
-144.542
-159.895
-175.255
-190.615

1.8 Mi quan h P- ti v tr ng h
Ti mi v tr ng h ta th hin 2 ng trong biu th hin mi quan h gia P- theo
th nghim v theo kt qu tnh sap2000
ng h 1:

NHM 3

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

ng h 2:

ng h 3

NHM 3

10

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

ng h 4:

Nhn xt:
1.9 Mi quan h ca P- ti cc v tr bin tr
Ti mi v tr bin tr ta th hin 2 ng trong biu th hin mi quan h gia P- theo
th nghim v theo kt qu tnh sap2000
Bin tr 1:

NHM 3

11

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

Bin tr 2:
Bin tr 3:

Bin tr 4:

NHM 3

12

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

Bin tr 5:

Nhn xt :
- Trn cc biu , bin dng tnh theo Sap u ln hn bin dng theo th nghim cho
trc, s khc bit ny bn cnh l do cc sai s khi th nghim, cn mt phn rt r
l do bin dng tnh theo Sap l bin dng so vi thanh lc cha chu lc (k c
trng lng bn thn), trong khi cc bin dng theo th nghim li ly theo bin
dng ban u ca thanh, tc l bin dng do trng lng
- Kt qu bin dng thanh gn bin tr 2 sai khc nhiu do nhiu nguyn nhn, do sai
s khi o, do sai s thit b, c bit l do lc dc trong thanh ny khng u (do

NHM 3

13

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

trng lng bn thn) dn n bin dng trong thanh khng u nhau, kt qu tnh
ton theo Sap c ly gia thanh, trong khi bin tr t v tr khc trn thanh.
Cc kt qu nhn chung phn nh ng l thuyt c hc v ni lc, ng sut,
chuyn v ca h gin, kt qu chnh xc hn cn khc phc cc sai s nh: kim
ng h cn t cng phng vi chuyn v cn o, kh bin dng d trc khi th
nghim bng cch gia ti vi ti nh vi ln, tin hnh th nghim lp li 2 n 3 ln
ly gi tr trung bnh,

NHM 3

14

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

CHNG 2

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

DM BTNG CT THP CHU TC DNG

CA TI TRNG TNH

2.1 Mc ch th nghim:
L phng php nghin cu nh gi kt cu v cng trnh ( c th l dm b
tng ct thp ) xy dng bng ng li thc nghim.
Th nghim v o c chuyn v ca dm b tng ct thp xc nh trng
thi lm vic thc t t a ra d bo kh nng an ton trong qu trnh s
dng ng vi cc cp ti khc nhau.
Kho st quan h gia lc P v chuyn v ca dm b tng ct thp.
nh gi kt qu th nghim bng l thuyt Sc bn vt liu, TCXD 356-2005
B tng v B tng ct thp theo trng thi gii hn II

2.2 Cu to, kch thc dm b tng ct thp v s th nghim:

2.2.1 Cu to:
B tng c cp bn chu nn B20
o Cng chu nn tnh ton: Rb = 11.5 MPa
o Cng chu ko tnh ton: Rbt = 0.9 Mpa
o Module n hi:
Eb = 2.7x104 MPa
o H s iu kin lm vic:

b = 0.9

Thp AIII
o Thp trn ( vng chu nn ):

212

o Thp di ( vng chu ko ): 316

o
o
o
o

Thp ai:
6 a150
Cng chu ko tnh ton: Rs = 365 MPa
Cng chu ko tiu chun: Rsn = 390 Mpa
Module n hi:
Es = 2.0x105 Mpa

2.2.2 Kch thc:

Khong cch t im tc dng lc n gi ta:
Khong cch gia hai gi ta:
NHM 3

l1 = 1.35 m
l = 2.7 m
15

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

Kch thc tit din:

bxh = 150x250

Chiu cao c ch:

h0 = 225

3
200

B20, c = 25 mm

3000 mm

Hnh 16: Kch thc dm b tng ct thp

212 - AIII
26 - AIII

250

3
316 - AIII
1

150

2.2.3 S th nghim:

1350

1350
2700

S th nghim

NHM 3

16

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

S tnh

2.3 Thit b th nghim:

Khung gia ti.
Dng c gia ti P: Kch thy lc (Pmax = 1000 kN)
H thng thu nhn tn hiu o lc ( load cells)
Dng c o chuyn v: Dial Indicator
o Thang o:
s = 30 mm
o Sai s:
0.01 mm
Dng c o chiu di: Thc l
o Chiu di:
L=5m
o Sai s:
0.1 mm
Thit b P3500 o bin dng b tng (1 )

2.4 Quy trnh tin hnh th nghim:

Kim tra v o kch thc dm, v tr cc im t lc P.
p ti P < 2KN vi ln kh bin dng d trong dm.
t cc Dial Indicator vo cc v tr cn o.
Chnh cc Dial Indicator v gi tr ban u bng 0 ( hoc c gi tr ban u
ca Dial Indicator).
Kim tra thit b thu nhn tn hiu o lc
t ti trng tc dng ln dm thng qua vic nng kch thu lc ( gi tr
ban u bng 0).

NHM 3

17

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

Nu tng ti vt qu gii hn th tin hnh x p lc kch t tr s cn

gia ti.
B tr ngi th nghim:
o 03 ngi c s o trn cc Dial Indicato
o 01 ngi ghi kt qu
o 01 ngi iu khin kch
Lp li th nghim 03 ln.
Trong qu trnh th nghim , ti mi cp ti c cc s o sau khi tng ti 30
s ( mi cp ti duy tr 1-2 pht ) v ghi vo bng
o Gi tr tng lc gy un: P
o Gi tr cc vng ca dm 1 2 3(gi tr o vng ng h 2
chnh l vng max c xc nh bng th nghim
o Gi tr bin dng b tng 1

2.5 V th quan h gia P v chuyn v gia dm 2

2.5.1 Kt qu th nghim:
S liu th nghim:

CpLc
(kN)

BTng
Chuyn v
1

5.00

6.00

5.00

1.95

5.11

6.15

5.12

4.0

5.27

6.34

5.29

5.95

5.42

6.52

5.45

8.0

5.58

6.71

5.61

10.05

5.74

6.90

5.77

11.9

5.88

7.06

5.91

Tnh ton kt qu th nghim

Kt qu tnh ton th nghim:

NHM 3

18

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

CpLc
(kN)

2.5.2

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

BTng
Chuyn v (mm)
1

1.95

0.11

0.15

0.12

0.27

0.34

0.29

5.95

0.42

0.52

0.45

0.58

0.71

0.61

10.05

0.74

0.9

0.77

11.9

0.88

1.06

0.91

V th P- :

1
th ng quan h gia P v 1

NHM 3

19

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

2
th ng quan h gia P v 2

3
th ng quan h gia P v 3

NHM 3

20

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

2.5.3 Tnh cc thng s c trng ca tit din

H s quy i:

2 105
7.41
2.7 104

Din tch tit din quy i:

Fqd bh As As' 0.15 0.25 7.41 (6.033 2.262) 10 4 0.04365( m 2 )

Momen tnh ca tit din quy i:

bh 2
S qd
aA s h a ' As'
2
0.15 0.252

7.41 0.033 6.033 0.25 0.031 0.262 104 0.0052( m3 )

2
y1

S qd
Fqd

0.0052
0.119( m) y2 h y1 250 112 131( mm)
0.04365

Momen qun tnh ca tit din b tng:

bh3
h
0.15 0.253
0.25

Ib
bh y1
0.15 0.25 0.112

12
2
12
2

1.97 10 4 (m 4 )

Momen qun tnh ca tit din quy i:

I qd I b As y1 a As' y2 a '
2

NHM 3

21

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

1.97 10 4 7.41 6.033 10 4 0.119 0.033 7.41 2.262 10 4 0.131 0.031

2

2.46 10 4 ( m 4 )

Momen khng un ca ton b tit din:

2.46 104
W0 =

2.07 10 3 ( m3 )
y1
0.119
I qd

2.5.4 th P- B: (theo TCVN 356 - 2005 )

Momen khng chng nt do:

W pl 1.75W0 1.75 2.07 103 3.62 103 (m3 )

Cc h s:

+ s 1.25 ls

Rbtn .W pl
M

1.25 1.1

1.4 105 3.62 10 4

M

- Rbtn = 1.4 Mpa b tng B20

- ls 1.1 - do ti trng ngn hn v ct thp c g
Kim tra: s 1
+ b 0.9 - do s dng b tng nng B20 > B7,5
+ 0.45 - do ti trng tc dng ngn hn
'
7.41
As
2.262 104
+ 2
2 0.45
0.0572
f

bh0
0.15 0.217
+ 1.8
A
6.033 104
0.018
+ s
bh0 0.15 0.217
M
M

+ 2
bh0 Rbn 0.15 0.217 2 15 105

+ Rbn = 15 MPa

a '
0.031

+
0.0572 1
f
0.049
h0
0.217

1
1

1
2
2
1 5
1 5 0.049
+

1.8
10
10 0.018 7.41

NHM 3

22

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

2a '
2 0.031

f 2
0.0572 2

h
h0 1 0.217
+ z 1 0
0.217

2 0.0572
2 f

h0 z
B
s
b

Es As f Ebbh0

0.217 z

s
0.9

4
2 10 6.033 10
0.45 0.0572 2.7 10 4 0.15 0.217
5

Ni lc:

Ti B:
M

PL 2.7

P 0.675 P
4
4

P ti trng tc dng ng vi mi cp
Chuyn v:

Trong :

M 2
L
B

1
12

Bng 22: Kt qu tnh ton vng theo TCVN 356 2005

P(N)

M(Nmm)

0.356

179.427

1950

1316250

0.012

0.355

179.487

0.2

5.43E+12 0.147

4000

2700000

0.025

0.355

179.566

0.2

5.42E+12 0.302

5950

4016250

0.038

0.354

179.654

0.2

5.42E+12 0.45

8000

5400000

0.051

0.353

179.76

0.218

5.3E+12

10050

6783750

0.064

0.351

179.88

0.428

4.28E+12 0.963

11900

8032500

0.076

0.35

180

0.556

3.83E+12 1.274

2.5.5

(mm)
0

0.619

th P- B

NHM 3

23

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

B
th quan h ti trng vng P- B (theo TCVN 356 - 2005)
2.5.6 Tnh ton chuyn v theo l thuyt SBVL

P
B
1350

1350
2700
Mm
PL/ 4
P=1
Mk
L/ 4

NHM 3

24

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

Hnh 24: Biu moment trng thi m v k

V biu momen trng thi m
Momen ln nht:
M P

L
4

V biu momen trng thi k

Nhn biu

yB M k . M m

1 1 PL L 2 L
PL3

2
EI 2 4 2 3 4
48EI

Bng 23: Kt qu tnh ton vng theo l thuyt SBVL chuyn v ti B:

E Eb 27 103 (MPa )
I

b h3 150 2503

195312500(mm 4 )
12
12
P(N)
0
1950
4000
5950
8000
10050
11900

2.5.7

B (mm)
0
0.152
0.311
0.463
0.622
0.781
0.925

th P- B

NHM 3

25

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

A
th quan h ti trng vng P- B (theo l thuyt SBVL )

2.6 So snh vi kt qu l thuyt tnh ton SBVL, l thuyt BTCT v

s liu thc o. Khi ti trng tng kt qu l thuyt no ph hp
vi kt qu thc nghim hn? Gii thch ti sao?

(mm)
th so snh kt qu l thuyt tnh ton SBVL, l thuyt BTCT v s liu thc o
NHM 3

26

TH NGHIM CNG TRNH

2.7

GVHD: NGUYN MINH LONG

So snh vi thc nghim t th:

Gia l thuyt tnh ton chuyn v v thc nghim o c c s khc nhau

nhng khng ng k.
Trong qu trnh th nghim mc phi nhng sai s: sai s do dng c o,

sai s do ngi o
Quan h gia lc v chuyn v l tuyn tnh.

2.8 Khi ti trng tng kt qu l thuyt no ph hp vi kt qu thc

nghim hn? Gii thch ti sao?
Khi ti trng tng kt qu l thuyt TCXD 356- 2005 s ph hp vi kt qu
thc nghim hn v:

Ti trng cng tng trc trung ho ca cu kin cng dch chuyn v

pha chu nn, lc tit din ngang ca cu kin c chia lm 2 vng chu
ko, nn.

Trong khi , l thuyt SBVL, li quan nim phng lc tc dng i qua

trc trng tm ca cu kin.

Theo l thuyt SBVL, vt liu cu to cu kin l ng cht, trong khi

cu kin ang xt l dm b tng ct thp gm 2 loi yu t cu thnh: b
tng v ct thp. Do , nu dng l thuyt SBVL s gp kh khn trong qu
trnh tnh ton s lm vic chung ca 2 loi vt liu ny.

NHM 3

27