Chapter 5 : Ratio, Rates and Proportions

Effectives notes :
1) The ratio of two quantities
a) is a comparison of two quantities with the same unit.
b) Is usually written as a : b and is read as ratio of a to b
2) If a : b = 3 : 2 , then
a) b : a = 2 : 3
b) a : ( a + b ) = 3 : ( 3 + 2 )
=3:5
c) a : ( a + b ) = 3 : (3 - 2 )
=3:1
3) A quantity is proportional to another quantity if they have equivalent ratios.
Example :
Given that m = 3 when n = 5 and m = 6 when n = 10
3 6
Since =
5 10
Thus , m is proportional to n .
4) The ratio of three quantities.
a) is a comparison of three quantities with the same unit.
b) Is usually written as a : b : c.
5) If the ratios of a : b and b : c are given , then we can find the ratio of
a) a : b : c
b) a : c
Example:

If a : b = 1 : 2 and
B: c =4 : 5,

a) Since a : b = 1 : 2
=2:4
And b : c = 4 :5
a:b:c=2:4:5

a
1
b
4
=
and
=
b
2
c
5
a b
1
4
Therefore x = x
b
c
2 5
a
2
=
c
5
a:c=2:5

b) Since