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isaIntroduction
‘When lly declared war on France and Great Britain on 10 June 1940, the
Mediterranean nation had on paper a formidable army of 73 divisions. This
Impressive figure concealed one of the main weaknesses ofthe Italian Army.
however, that each division kas only two infantry regiments strong instead of
the standard three regiments in all other armies. Also, in each division there
va only one regiment of anillery. which compared unfexarably with other
semis that had atleast four atlery groups per division
Again on paper the Italians had an impressive armored force of several
‘toakand tanks, Unfortunately this force was overwhelmingly made up of
‘woman ight tanks armed with tin machineguns, Mos aillery pisces Were
‘ld and out of date with urge number of guns being Austro-Hungarian war
tnoty taken a reparations in 1918. The Halians also had the disadvantage of|
‘many ofits soliers having already Fought in Ethiopia in 1935-86 ane Spain
in 1937-39, A lot ofthese soldiers were thus war weary. These veterans of
several conflict had received litle home leave, and so were not mivated or
ready for the kind of war that was to face them in 1940-43,
‘The Kalians did have many superb units with 12 regiments of the famous
Berseliet light ity and ten of Alpi, “crack mouotain tops recruited
from the hardy peor of Kaly’s mountainous regions. Some infant visions
vere regarded as elite units ~ for instance, the Lup dé Toscana (Wolves of |
Tuscany) were favorite of Mussolini, while the Gruinien’ di Savoia
(Grenadiers of Savoy) had a ong a ilistrious history. At the start ofthe War
Iuly had 39 infamy divisions, four Alpini, two motorized, three trick
‘uanspotae, ‘wo armored and wo Ceere light divisions at home. In Albania
there were thie ifanty, one Alpin and onc rrr divisions with funher
Infantry division inthe Aegean islands. The rest of the Kalian Army. along
with lange numberof colonial units, wes stationed in North and East fica
lely’s fest entry operation in WWIL involved the inwusion of southeast
France along the mostly mountainous Wester Alps horder. With the French
‘the verge of defeat in June 1940 and only a few days ay from