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Mc tiu ca chng
L.O.4.1 Khc bit gia li nhun thng v li nhun kinh
t
L.O.4.2 M t mt cng ty s s dng phn tch cn bin
xc nh mc ti a ha li nhun ca sn
lng sn xut.
L.O.4.3 So snh s ging v khc nhau gia cc loi hnh
cu trc ny. a ra v d cho tng loi cu trc.
Ni dung
Gii thiu 4 loi cu trc th trng:
1.
2.
c quyn
3.
4.
c quyn nhm
S ngi bn
Cnh tranh
hon ho
Rt nhiu
Ro cn gia
Thp
nhp/ rt khi TT
Cnh tranh
c quyn
c quyn
nhm
c quyn
Rt nhiu
Mt vi
Mt
Thp
Cao
Rt cao
Sn phm
ng nht,
chun ha
Khc bit ha
ng nht/
Khc bit ha
c nht
Thng tin
Hon ho
Bt i xng
Bt i xng
Bt i xng
Xc nh gi
Chp nhn
gi
Quyt nh gi
Mt vi
C s
khc bit
Ging nhau
hon ton
Monopoly
Oligopoly
Monopolistic
Competition
Perfect
Competition
c quyn
c quyn
nhm
Cnh tranh
c quyn
Cnh tranh
hon ho
Phn 1
2.
Sn phm ng nht
3.
4.
Chp nhn gi
TR = P x Q
AR =
MR =
TR
Q
TR
Q
=P
Doanh nghip
P
S
ng cu ca DN
$400
$400
D
V d
Q
TR = P x Q
$10
$0
AR =
TR
Q
MR =
TR
n/a
$10
$10
$10
$10
$10
$10
$20MR = P $10
$10
$10
$30
$10
$10
$10
$40
$10
$10
$10
$50
$10
Mc tiu ti a li nhun
Ti sn lng Q
m MR > MC,
tng Q s lm
tng li nhun.
Ti sn lng Q
m MR < MC,
gim Q s lm
tng li nhun.
TR
TC
$0
$5
$5
10
20
15
30
23
40
33
50
45
MR MC
= MR
MC
$10 $4
$6
10
10
10
10
10
12
Mc tiu ti a li nhun
Ti sn lng Q lm ti a li nhun, MR = MC
Ti Qa, MC < MR
Chi ph
MC
Tng Q lm tng
Ti Qb, MC > MR
Gim Q lm tng
MR
P1
Ti Q1, MC = MR
Thay i Q lm gim
Qa Q1 Qb
P = $10
Li
$6
50
Li nhun kinh t
= (P ATC) x Q
= $4 x 50
= $200
$5
MR
P = $3
30
L kinh t
= (P ATC) x Q
= $2 x 30
= $60
P < AVC
Tm tt cc quyt nh sn xut
MC = MR = P:
Li nhun t ti a
(hoc l t ti thiu)
P > ATCmin:
P = ATCmin:
Li nhun kinh t m
Doanh nghip tip tc hot ng
P < AVCmin:
Li nhun kinh t m
Doanh nghip ng ca
ng cung ngn hn
ng cung ngn hn ca DN cnh tranh hon ho l
phn MC nm trn ng AVC.
Chi ph
MC
Nu P > AVC, doanh
nghip sn xut Q
tha P = MC.
ATC
AVC
Trong di hn
Doanh nghip
MC
LRATC
P=
min.
ATC
ng cung
di hn
c li
nhun
cn bng
gia,cn
cubng
tng,lp
giligim
v trng thi
trong
ngn hn.
Doanh nghip
MC
Li nhun
Th trng
S1
S2
ATC
P2
P2
P1
P1
B
A
D1
Q1 Q2
Q3
D2
P = MR
Do , li nhun t ti a khi:
P = MC
Phn 2
TH TRNG C QUYN
c im ca TT c quyn
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hng ro
php l
Hng ro
k thut
Hng ro
kinh t
c quyn t nhin
Doanh nghip
cnh tranh hon ho
Doanh nghip
c quyn
D
D
Q
MR = P
MR P
TR
AR
$4,50
$0
n.a.
4,00
$4,00
3,50
3,50
3,00
3,00
2,50
10
2,50
2,00
10
2,00
1,50
1,50
MR
$4
P = AR,
3
2
1
0
1
MR < P
0 $4,50
1
4,00
3,50
3,00
2,50
2,00
1,50
MR
P, MR
$5
$4
2
1
-1
-2
MR
-3
0
Mc tiu ti a li nhun
$
MC
1.
S lng Q*
m ti MR =
MC lm cc i
li nhun.
2.
Xc nh P trn
ng cu ti s
lng Q*.
D
MR
Q*
Li nhun ca nh c quyn
$
MC
Li nhun kinh t
= (P ATC) x Q
ATC
ATC
D
MR
Q*
$
DWL
MC
P
P = MC
MC
S lng = QC
P = MC
Tng thng d cc i
TT c quyn
D
MR
Q M QC
S lng = QM < QC
P > MC
C tn tht v ch
Gim tn tht v ch
Phn 3
2.
3.
4.
Cnh tranh
c quyn
S ngi bn
nhiu
nhiu
Li nhun KT di hn
=0
=0
c im sn phm
ng nht
khc bit
ng cu ca DN
hng xung
nm ngang
So snh vi TT c quyn
c quyn
Cnh tranh
c quyn
S ngi bn
mt
nhiu
kh
Li nhun KT di hn
>0
=0
DN c quyn nh gi?
ng cu ca DN
hng xung
hng xung
khng
(ng cu th trng)
nhiu
Li nhun MC
MC
L
ATC
ATC
ATC
ATC
D
P
D
MR
MR
Q*
Q*
$
MC
ATC
P = ATC
MR
Q*
P = ATC
Li nhun kinh t = 0
Ti sn lng cn bng
th ATC khng t cc
tiu.
D
MC
MR < P
Cc i li nhun khi MC = MR
DN CTQ trong di hn
Phn 4
c im ca TT c quyn nhm
1.
C t ngi bn
2.
3.
4.
M hnh ng cu gy
MC1
MC2
MC3
D
MR
Q*
Sn lng
2.
Qung co
3.
Khuyn mi
4.
5.
Dch v hu mi
L thuyt tr chi
V d minh ha
Cng ty A
Q = 30
Cng ty B
Q = 30
Q = 40
Q = 40
LN ca A
= $900
LN ca B
= $900
LN ca A
= $1000
LN ca B
= $750
LN ca A
= $750
LN ca B
= $1000
LN ca A
= $800
LN ca B
= $800
V d minh ha
Delta Airlines
Gim gi
$400 million
Khng gim
$200 million
Gim gi
United
Airlines
$400 million
$800 million
$800 million
$600 million
Khng gim
$200 million
$600 million
2.
3.