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Recall the
Rolles Theorem
Let a < b. If f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b] and
differentiable on the open interval (a, b) and f (a) = f (b), then
there is a c in (a, b) with f 0 (c) = 0. That is, under these
hypotheses, f has a horizontal tangent somewhere between a and
b.
Recall the
Rolles Theorem
Let a < b. If f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b] and
differentiable on the open interval (a, b) and f (a) = f (b), then
there is a c in (a, b) with f 0 (c) = 0. That is, under these
hypotheses, f has a horizontal tangent somewhere between a and
b.
Rolles Theorem, like the Theorem on Local Extrema, ends with
f 0 (c) = 0. The proof of Rolles Theorem is a matter of examining
cases and applying the Theorem on Local Extrema,
Rolles Theorem
Let a < b. If f is continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b)
and f (a) = f (b), then there is a c in (a, b) with f 0 (c) = 0.
f (b) f (a)
.
ba
Rolles Theorem
Let a < b. If f is continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b)
and f (a) = f (b), then there is a c in (a, b) with f 0 (c) = 0.
f (b) f (a)
.
ba
f (b) f (a)
(x a).
ba
f (b) f (a)
g (x) = f (x) f (a) +
(x a) .
ba
f (b) f (a)
g (x) = f (x) f (a) +
(x a) .
ba
f (b) f (a)
g (x) = f (x) f (a) +
(x a) .
ba
f (b) f (a)
g (x) = f (x) f (a) +
(x a) .
ba
f (b) f (a)
.
ba
Both f and the line go through the points ha, f (a)i and hb, f (b)i.
Both f and the line go through the points ha, f (a)i and hb, f (b)i.
So the difference between them is 0 at a and at b.
Both f and the line go through the points ha, f (a)i and hb, f (b)i.
So the difference between them is 0 at a and at b. Indeed,
f (b) f (a)
g (a) = f (a) f (a) +
(a a) = f (a) [f (a) + 0] = 0,
ba
and
f (b) f (a)
g (b) = f (b) f (a) +
(b a)
ba
= f (b) [f (a) + f (b) f (a)] = 0.
f (b) f (a)
.
ba
f (b) f (a)
.
ba
f (b) f (a)
ba
Example
Example
Example
Example
3c 2 = 13 iff c 2 =
13
3
q
iff c = 13
3 .
Example
q
13
3c 2 = 13 iff c 2 = 13
iff
c
=
3
3 .
q
q
13
3 is not in the interval (1, 3), but 13
3 is a little bigger than
q
q
12
4 = 2. So 13
3 =
3 is in the interval (1, 3).
Example
q
13
3c 2 = 13 iff c 2 = 13
iff
c
=
3
3 .
q
q
13
3 is not in the interval (1, 3), but 13
3 is a little bigger than
q
q
12
4 = 2. So 13
3 =
3 is in the interval (1, 3).
q
So c = 13
3 is in the interval (1, 3), and
r
0
f (c) = f
13
3
!
= 13 =
f (3) f (1)
f (b) f (a)
=
.
31
ba