e. test cope 02107020 FORM TP 2014141 MAYIUNE 2014 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL (CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION* BIOLOGY unr ~ Paper 02 2 hours 30 minutes READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULY, |. Thispaperconsiss SIX questions in two sections. Answer ALL questions. 2. For Section A, write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet, 3. For Section B, write your answers inthe spaces provided atthe end of each {question inthis booklet ‘You may use a sient non-programmable calculator DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. ‘Copyright © 2012 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved 02107020/CAPE2014SECTION Answer ALL questions. ‘Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet, 1. (@)_—_Using haemogtobin as an example, explain EACH of the following levels of structural ‘organization of proteins 0 «wy iy ww Primary structure Tr mark) Secondary structure Pmarks} “Tertiary structure Temarks Quatemary structure marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 021070201C APE 2014(b) With reference to its protein structure, explain how the haemoglobin molecule functions {nits essential role BS marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (2107020CAPE 2014(©) Figure 1 isa drawing of an electron micrograph ofa plant eel Ramesar Jones and Jones 2011, Fig Figure 1. Drawing of an electron micrograph of a plant cell (S600) (—Adentiy the organelles labelled A, B and C in Figure A 8 ¢ — - TS marks} Gi) Cateutate the actual maximum length of the organelle labelled X to the nearest micrometre (um). Show your working, Lengths i marks} ‘Total 1S marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02107020CAPE 20142 (@ Protein synthesis requires two steps, transcription and translation. Table | is an incomplete comparison of some features of transcription and transation in ceukaryotes, Complete Table 1 by writing the correet answers in the relevant spaces in the table ‘TABLE I: COMPARISION OF TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION Feature “Transcription ‘Translation Site Generally inthe nucleus Precursor molecule fee Enzymes and/or | RNA polymerase and other associated factors proteins Produces tho pepide sequence Function which is complementary tothe mRNA. Gi) Figure2isa diagrammatic representation ofthe elongation phase of tran the box labelled Ain Figure 2, sketch a diagrammatic representation ofthe (NA, molecule carrying the next amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain, BOXA, Source: latp:/iwew.motifolio.com/ 1021138 hem Figure 2. Diagrammatic representation of the elongation phase of translation 1S marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02107020/CAPE 2014— (©) Inhumans, the A, B, O blood groups are determined by multiple alleles ofa single gene. ‘The gene locus i usually represented by the symbol I and the blood genotypes may be represented as follows: BF or N= blood group A BT oF P= blood group Sood group O ood group AB (Briony explain the nature of the relationship between the alleles in the AB blood sroup. marks} Gi) Imapaterity suit, female with blood type O has accused male with blood type B of being the father of her child. The child has blood type O. 18) Deduce the blood genotype ofthe accused male which will clearly prove ‘that he is NOT the father of the child. Give a brie explanation to justify ‘your answer. Blood genotype of male (no symbols required) Justification: [8 marks} ) the male parent in (6) (i) a) above has blood type B, demonstrate the inbertance of the blood type (O) of the child, Use the given symbols and 4 Punnett square, [8 marks} “Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02107020/C APE 2014up: fiw pamccorg pk ‘ » Figure 3. Photomicrograph of « Figure 4. Part of Tubule A section ofa seminiferous tubule (Make a detailed labelled drawing of the region highlighted by Box X in Figure 4B, [6 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02107020/C APE 2014os. Gi) Using Figure 3 or Figure 4 as a guide, outline the key development stages of spermatozoa within the seminilérous tubule, 1B marks} (b) An experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of sucrose concentration on the germination of pollen grains fora particular plant species, The results are shown in Figure s. 20 ° 7 7 ° 5 ‘Sucrose concentration (nis) Figure S. Effect of suerose concentration on germination of pollen grains GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE ‘o210720/CAPE 2014cy (021070201CAPE 2014 9. Briefly describe the results ofthis experiment shown in Figure S. marks} Explain the significance of this response for the pollination process ma) ‘Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE=19- SECTION & Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided atthe end of each question. 4. (a) Outline she structure ofa molecule of water and explain how this structure allows water tobe an excellent solvent [S marks} (b) Discuss TWO major roles of water in cell function. [4 marks} (©) Distinguish between endocytosis and exoeytosis, and briefly comment on ONE cellular process that involves exocytosis [6 marks} Write the unswer to Question 4 here. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (210 7020/C APE 2014=1a< S (@)_ State FOUR observations and THREE deductions that formed the basis of Darwin's ‘theory of natural selection, 1S marks} © Gas theory of natural selection to explain how a new species can evave from an ‘existing one by allopatric (geographical speciation H marks} (©) Discuss THREE potential threats to humans, and othe organisms of the uscof genetically ‘modified crops. Include a definition ofthe term “genetically modified usniont [6 marks} ‘Total 15 marks Write the answer 10 Question § here, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (2107020/CAPE 2014-16 6 — G@__@_Explain why vegetative propagation is NOT considered a form of sexual reproduction, Include in your explanation a brief definition of “vegetative propagation’ [3 marks} Gi) Comment on why vegetative propagation is especially beneficial wo agicultursts and horticulturists, Limit your commentary 19 FOUR main poins. [4 marks} (©) (Give concise explanation of how combined oral contraceptives work to prevent pregnancy. 1B marks} Gi) A young, recently married couple scoks advice at family planning clinic, The 23-year-old female explains that her last normal menstrual eycle tated two weeks ‘go and they both confirm that they have not engaged in sexual intercourse since then. ‘She would like to begin using combined oral contraceptives imme as she has been advised that there are no medical reasons which prevent het from sing tis form of contraception. ‘Suugest what advice should be given tothe couple about the most appropriate ay to use combined oral contraceptives. Include in your account, justification ‘of your adviee in relation tothe physiologial details provided bythe couple and. Your knowledge ofthe menstrual eye, [S marks} ‘Total 15 marks Write the answer to Question 6 here, eee eee See eS ee GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107020/CAPE 2014