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Design and Construction of Rotary Dryer for Fertilizer Drying Using Waste Heat
from Electrical Generator and Biogas as a Heat Source in a Pig Farm
1 , 2* 3
. . 40002
: : 043-202845, : 043-202849
E-mail: krissada_nam@hotmail.com1, ratchaphon@kku.ac.th2, wasakron@live.kku.ac.th3

400
1 10 2
0.5 5 2
2 2
66 %

: , , ,
Abstract
This research were studied to design and construct of rotary fertilizer dryer machine by using
waste heat from electric generator, cooperated with biogas. The rotary dryer were designed and
constructed by using a waste heat from electric generator at the temperature of 400oC , cooperated
with biogas fuel. The designed capacity of rotary fertilizer dryer was 1 ton per day. A couple drying
pipes can be divided to hot dryer pipe and cold dryer pipe, it had a length of 10 meter and 0.5 meter
of diameter. The power transmission of couple drying pipes and couple blowers were selected to be
5 Hp and 2 Hp electric motor, respectively. The designed thermal efficiency of the rotary fertilizer
dryer was 66%. The designed calculation of thermal efficiency is close to that obtained from the
experiment.
Keywords: Rotary dryer, Electrical generator, Waste heat, Fertilizer

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1.

[1]

10-12%wt

M.H. Lisboa
et al. [2]
roto-fluidized

E.B. Arruda et al. [3]

N.J. Fernandes et al. [4]

125
[5]

2.
2.1

[6]

1
2.2

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2.3.4 (Hold up)

Keey, 1995 hold up

8 12 % [10]
2

2.3.5

[7]

NDT 7 12 m / min

N
DT

( m)

' G
G m
A

(2)

Gm VA

(3)

Gm

2.3.2

(kg gas / m 2 hr ) [8]

= (m / s )
= (kg / m3 )
= ( m 2 )

2.3.3

DT

6.56 9.84

-0.5

(6)

Fa

= (min)
= (m/m)
= (RPM)
= (m)
= (m)
=
(kg / m2 hr )
=
2
( kg / m hr )

DP

= (mm)
= 6

2.3.6 (P), HP [6]

P DT L
(7)
2.3.7 (Pb), HP
2
(8)
Pb 5 10 DT

(n f )

Friedman and Marshall

[9]
nf

Dp

(5)

DT

= (RPM)
=

2.0 LGm
DT
Fa

-3

0.9

5 10

(1)

0.23L

2.3
2.3.1 [6]

(S )

(4)

2.3.8
Miller et al.
[8]
'0.46
(9)
Ua KS G
4.3 K S 6.4

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2.3.9
(Residence time: ) [4]

0.1962 0.00036G f

0.9 D
Gs D0.5
T
p
SN

(10)

4
[3]
W (1) W0 ; M (0) M 0 ;
T f (1) T f 0 ; Ts (0) Ts 0

Gs
Gf

= ( kg / min)
= ( kg / min)

2.4 (Heat
and Mass transfer)
2.4.1

3
(Arruda, 2008)

[11]

effective time factor

15,
(Total number of cycles) 16
(effective contact time)
17
(Drying total load) 18
tq N
N tq
Ci Ci
ftef

tCi NCi
L
L
NCi
l Yq sen( )

X (L)

R H
- w
dz
Gf

dW

R H
- w
dz
GS

dM

U vaV (T f - Ts )

Rw H * ( C pvT f )

dT f
U p DL(T f - Tamb )

dz

G f (C pf WC pv )

U V (T - T ) R H *C T
w
pl s
va f s
- R H C (T - T )
pv f
s
dTs w

dz

Gs (C ps MC pl )

(11)
(12)

(15)
(16)

tef ftef

(17)

*
H Gs

(18)

2.4.2
(Equilibrium moisture: Meq)

Halsey (Osborn et al., 1989)
Arruda (2008)
1

- exp(-0.45Ts 2.08) 1.435

M eq

In ( RH )

(13)

(19)

M eq

(14)

Ts

RH

= ( kg water / kg drysolid )
=
= Relative humidity

(C )

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(Drying Rate: MR)

Page
(1949) Arruda
(2008)
MR exp Kt 0.424
(20)
128.282

K 0.304 exp
Tf

(21)

Tf

=
=

= (s)

MR

(C )

(Heat transfer
coefficient: Uva)
0.289 0.541
U va 3.535G f
Gs

3.2
3.2.1
4

1. (%O2,
%CO2 CO)
2.
(%CH4, %CO2 %O2)

(22)

Gf

= (W / m3 K )
= (kg / min)

Gs

= (kg / min)

U va

Granulated
simple super-phosphate fertilizer (SSPG)
3 mm. 1.1
kg/m3 , 1.02 kJ/kgoC
( ) 0.984
(Arruda,2008)

4
3.

3.1

3.
10

5

0.5
B
A
E
5 2
D
128 kW . .
.
C
o
3
450 C 1.5 m /s

Biogas Check
Geotech 340
5
testo

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- A () Solid
feedrate, Inlet moisture,Solid temp.,Wet bulb
temp
- B
( ) Outlet
federate,Outlet temp,Outlet humidity,Outlet
flowrate
- C () Solid
federate, Exit moisture, Solid temp.
- D () Inlet federate,
Inlet temp.,Inlet humidity,Inlet flowrate, Flue
heating value
- E
3.2.2
[6]
q qs
th d
100%

Q
Q
Q
qd

qs

m e

C ps

C pa

Tsen

= (oC)
= (oC)
T1
o
T2 = ( C)

Tm1

(24)
Q Q Q
Q Q Q

3.2.3
()

[13]
M

Mw - Md

100

Md

(25)

M
= %
Mw
=
(23)
=
Md

= (kW)
=
= qd qs
=
()

= mL
=

ps (Tsen T )
= mC
m1
=

= m e C pa (T1 T2 )
= (kg/s)
= (kg/s)
=
= 2,260 kJ/kg
= = 1.02 kJ/kgoC
= (kJ/kgoC)
= = 100 oC

3.3


1
1

350,400,450
C
3

1.5
m /s
2270
kJ/kg

o
100 C

0.0369
kg/s

60
%RH

1.1
kg/m3

3
mm

125
kg/h
Mass velocity gas
687.6
kg/m2.h
Volume of dryer
1.963
m3

0.470
kg/m3

36
m/s

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4.
4.1 (Drying rate : MR)

6
350,
o
400, 450 C

4.3 (Exit
temperature)

8
350, 400, 450oC

4.2 (Moisture Content)

4.4

2, 3, 4

7

o
350, 400, 450 C

2
350oC

210.28
kW
(Heat load)
(Latent 137.08
kW
heat)

1.94
kW
(Sensibility heat)

1.11
kW

66.11
%
(Thermal Efficiency)

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3
400oC

220.97
kW
(Heat load)
(Latent 137.08
kW
heat)

1.94
kW
(Sensibility heat)

1.28
kW

62.92
%
(Thermal Efficiency)
4
450oC

231.66
kW
(Heat load)
(Latent 137.08
kW
heat)

1.94
kW
(Sensibility heat)

1.44
kW

60.02
%
(Thermal Efficiency)
5.

0.5
10 5
2

350, 400, 450
5

350, 400, 450
5

o
350 C , 400oC 450oC 210.28 kW ,
220.97 kW 210.28 kW

66.11% , 62.92% 60.02%
6.

(.) . .
.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

7.
. 2550.

. .
. 82 .
M.H. Lisboa, D.S. Vitorino, W.B. Delaiba,
J.R.D. Finzer, M.A.S. Barrozo. 2007. Study of
the performance of the rotary dryer with
fluidization, Braz. J.Chem. Eng. 265374.
Arruda, E.B. 2008. Experimental and
Simulation Study of Fertilizer Drying in
Rotary Dryer. Brazilian Journal of Chemical
Engineering, Federal University of
Uberlndia, Brazil
N. J. Fernandes, C. H. Atade and M. A. S.
Barrozo. 2008. Modeling and experimental
study of hydrodynamic and drying
characteristics of an industrial rotary dryer.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Federal University of Uberlndia, Brazil

ETM2053

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[5] .
2535.

.

, 50-59
[6]
. 2525.
. 2.
(-),
[7] . 2554.

.

.
[8] Miller, C. O., Smith, B. A., Schuette, 1942.
Factor Influencing the Operation of Rotary
Dryers. Trans AIChE, 38, 841
[9] Friedman, S. J. and Marshall, W. R. 1949.
Studies in Rotary Drying, Chemical
Engineering Progress, 45, 482-573
[10] Keey, R.B. 1978. Introduction to Industrial
Drying Operations, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
[11] Baker, C.G.J , 1983, Cascading Rotary Dryer
in Advance in Drying, 1,Mujumdar, A.S.
(ed)(Hemisphere), New York, USA.
[12] Page, G. E. 1999. Factors Influencing the
Maximum Rates of Air Drying Shelled Corn
in Thin-Layer. Indiana-USA, Purdue
University.
[13] . 2540.
. 7,