Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Materi Perkuliahan
Slide 2
3 SKS
Evaluasi
5%
50%
20%
25%
Slide 3
Slide 4
IP
Addressing
How
many
IP
address?
IPv4:
2^32
=
4.3
*
109
(Billion)
IPv6:
2^128
=
3.4
*
1038
(Undecillion)
Slide 5
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
To
reduce/slowdown
IPv4
address
deple@on
Classless
Inter
Domain
Rou@ng
(CIDR)
Network
Address
Transla@on
(NAT)
Slide 11
175.45.190.1
Global
IP
address
Space
192.0.0.1
Private
Address
Space
NAT
NAT
Private
Address
Space
175.45.188.1
MK:
Jaringan
Komputer
Lanjut
192.0.0.2
192.0.0.1
192.0.0.2
Slide
12
Slide 13
Slide 14
Slide 15
IPv6
started
in
1994
Slide 17
Slide 18
IPv6
Addressing
00101010000100100011010001011100
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000011110000000100110101011
00001100000011011110000011110000
A
128
bit
value
Represen@ng
an
interface
on
the
network
MK:
Jaringan
Komputer
Lanjut
Slide 19
2A12:3456:0:0:78:9AB:C0D:E0F0
Slide 20
2A12:3456:0:0:78:9AB:C0D:E0F0
00101010000100100011010001011100
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000011110000000100110101011
00001100000011011110000011110000
MK:
Jaringan
Komputer
Lanjut
Slide 21
2A12:3456:0:0:78:9AB:C0D:E0F0
00101010000100100011010001011100
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000011110000000100110101011
00001100000011011110000011110000
MK:
Jaringan
Komputer
Lanjut
Slide 22
2A12:3456:0:0:78:9AB:C0D:E0F0
00101010000100100011010001011100
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000011110000000100110101011
00001100000011011110000011110000
MK:
Jaringan
Komputer
Lanjut
Slide 23
2A12:3456:0:0:78:9AB:C0D:E0F0
00101010000100100011010001011100
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000011110000000100110101011
00001100000011011110000011110000
MK:
Jaringan
Komputer
Lanjut
Slide 24
Slide 25
Slide 26
Mul@cast
Set
of
interfaces
Packets
delivered
to
all
interfaces
Anycast
Set
of
interfaces
Packets
delivered
to
one
(the
nearest)
interface
Slide 27
Binary Value/Prefix
IPv6 Notation
Unspecified
0000 (128bits)
::/128
Loopback
0001 (128bits)
::1/128
Multicast
11111111
FF00::/8
Link-local unicast
1111111010
FE80::/10
Global unicast
(everything else)
Slide 28
Interface ID
64 bits
Slide 29
Network Prefix
Interface ID
64 bits
64 bits
Slide 30
2001:df0:ba::/48
16
bits
for
links
network
prexes
=
65k
Slide 31
Interface
Iden@er
Interface
ID:
manual
or
automa@c
Automa@c:
Modied
EUI-64
of
MAC
address
Complement
2nd
LSB
of
1st
byte
Insert
0xfe
between
3rd
and
4th
bytes
MAC:
00-12-34-56-78-9a
Interface
ID:
212:34ff:fe56:789a
Slide 32
Slide 33
Prefix
1111 1111
8 bits
FLAGS SCOPE
4 bits
4 bits
Flags:
LSB
=
0
well-known
mcast
address
LSB
=
1
temporary/transient
mcast
address
Group Identifier
112 bits
Scope:
1
interface-link
scope
2
link-local
scope
5
site-local
scope
8
organiza@on-local
scope
E
global
scope
Slide 34
ff18::100
Temporary
address,
organiza@on-local
scope
Slide 35
A Nodes Address
Loopback
Address
Link-local
Address
for
each
interface
Addi@onal
Unicast
and
Anycast
Addresses
All-Nodes
Mul@cast
Addresses
(02::1)
Solicited-Node
Mul@cast
Addresses
Mul@cast
Addresses
of
groups
it
joined
Slide 36
A Routers Address
A
nodes
address
Subnet-Router
Anycast
Addresses
All
other
Anycast
Addresses
All-Router
Mul@cast
Addresses
(02::2)
Slide 37
HL
TOS
Datagram-ID
TTL
Protocol
32 bits
Datagram Length
Flags
Flag Offset
Flow label
20 bits
Next Hdr.
8 bits
Hop Limit
8 bits
Header Checksum
Source Address
128 bits
Source IP Address
Destination IP Address
IPv4 header
Destination Address
128 bits
IPv6 header
MK:
Jaringan
Komputer
Lanjut
Slide 38
Header
checksum
Because
Transport
layer
and
data
link-layer
have
handle
it
Op@ons
xed-length
40-byte
IP
header
no
longer
a
part
of
standard
IP
header
but,
there
is
next
header
MK:
Jaringan
Komputer
Lanjut
Slide 39
Slide 40
Transi@oning
to
IPv6
Many
techniques,
basically
fall
into
three
approaches:
Slide 41
Dual-Stack
ApproachApproach
Dual Dual
StackStack
Approach
IPv6-enabled
IPv6-enabled
Application
Application
Application
Application
TCP
TCP
UDP
UDP
TCP
TCP
UDP
IPv4
IPv4
IPv6
IPv6
IPv4
IPv4
IPv6
Pre
Pre
fer
f
A
red
e
p
r
Ap
r
p
e
l
plic d m ica met
UDPatio eth tion hod
ns od o s se on
ser n
rve
ver
rs
s
IPv6
Frame Frame
0x0800
0x86dd
0x0800
0x86dd
ID
Protocol Protocol
ID
x0800 0x0800
0x86dd 0x86dd
Data Link (Ethernet)
Data Link (Ethernet)
Dual
stack
node
means:
Dual
stack
node
means:
Dual stack
node
means:
BothIPv6
IPv4stacks
and IPv6
stacksIPv4
enabled
Both
and
IPv6
stacks
enabled
Both IPv4 and
enabled
Applications
to both
Applications
can talk to can
both
talkApplica@ons
can
talk
to
both
Choice
of the is
IPbased
versiononisname
basedlookup
on name lookup
and application
preference
Choice of the
IP version
application
preference
Choice
of
the
IP
vand
ersion
is
based
on
NANOG 42
2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
S72lide 42
72
Dual-Stack Approach
www.a.com
=*?
DNS
Server
IPv4
2001:db8::1
10.1.1.1
IPv6
2001:db8:1::1
On a system running dual stack, an application that is both IPv4 and IPv6
enabled will: with
IPv4
and
IPv6
enabled
will:
the
DNS
(AAAA
for
an
record)
IPv6
address
(AAAA
record)
Ask the DNS
for Ask
an IPv6
address
If that exists,
IPv6
will be Iused
If
transport
that
exists,
Pv6
transport
will
be
used
Slide 43
73
across an IPv4 network to the other side where the IPv4 packet is removed and the IPv6 packets
continue on their way. 88 Conversely, IPv4 packets can also be tunneled across IPv6 networks.
Tunneling Approaches
Manually congured
Tunnel
b
roker
91
and difficulty acquiring additional IPv4 addresses. A business that delays transition could find
it costly to achieved on a compressed schedule. 92
Semi-automated
Automa@c
Slide 44
IPv4 conservation has dampened the pace of IPv4 exhaustion. In the early days of the
NAT-PT Concept
Transla@on
Approaches
IPv4
NAT-PT
Interface
IPv6
Interface
IPv4 Host
IPv6 Host
2001:db8:1987:0:2E0:B0FF:FE6A:412C
172.16.1.1
Techniques:
NAT64
NANOG 42
82
Slide 45
END OF LECTURE #2
46