Foe Onlineinfo. an eaay approach to Futermediate r CIRCULAR MOTION | | | “When a particle. ome vas in : i a civeee, Ys moti ty catled civ cular motion. For example : 61) Motion of ths wheel ef. a Car, Gb) Motion of planets around ts win, di) Motien of Aekethilis around the tart, (BH) Motion of electrons arotmd ‘the melees ck. idem a body es cooving alang & crear fatk asith Ureform rperd,, it hes actcbhration dus. b Contin ucsesly chepicg diveclan. Dh this | Babe of omotin veboeiby 7? em eee Rare alongs feipendientay b anoh Bier. ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT Dag “He us the aang le Ni btinded. at tte Conive ef Be civeke dg an ate along which a pailicte mneles from gre fysition te the citer, in a fen: tuna? : Ex phon dion: Covsicher th rastin if & Aig h parkete ‘? af mass “on? tage Mie cxvtulay pot ap pedis a Suppase Ris emotion os taking pie bey otasching the pavlicle P' at ite god of a omasshes vpih vad af of hengh * 7’ these Chay tna is footed a Reque Ofte cixtabeypak, as, shown im fg-46). As He parlicbe ob omoving- on We civeulay pe, the ved. ‘op’ yolalis “us The plans. “f His Civcbe. The. artes of vetedion passes Thyouph itt pitot 0” anc. is vormid. b te Phare f volation, : Not? tmsicley a Apslan af anes as shown . in F9- 10). The z-axis jg taken along tix axis. *f alate wath pivet 0” as origin oF Coordinates. Axe x- and y- ave taken Im the plane af yokzkon. While “op” a volating, fet at ay instant 4") uk pesition 2s‘op” omeking angle O° wi nian. pe Aalix ime “tral, fet i position #22 | wbx “op? making Apt rae ath wane 28 thown im fg-to. The angle ‘sa Aakwseain hoo poritians 22 tha particle a y displecament: of “op” eleeving the Femn inten val bE2 De, Bip Convention Jor “as” is a3 follows s ; a ¥ Heap hacam oot “307 “6 taken as pve. when the tation af ‘op’ Cor potticley is Cottey cLockw3e and is bken as ‘ve’ ham the rotation is Clock wre” i Te egsbny displacement ‘s0° ws a _vechy BPamtily and. ht divectin is tong. We anes of |jl Right Hamd Rule - “Grasp te axis volation ‘In raph tard wik frgers curhig in the divecton of . relation, The erected. thumb poise in the ctvection of ang lay displacement , as Ahown in a ppt Unis ; we Free uni ave fenerally ped ts eapross amguday disphacement ; mamely’ w Depress es, un Revolution ail Radvisp (sz- wil td Degree w- “KH us He gta Mabtnaad at | | the Couctve orf The civets ty an are of engi epal te deh ef abe civeuniperence” di Revolution e “one, templite round tip ¢ the bedy about a eitartar fotk is cated one. venbutst T vey. “= 360". ii) Reglian i “Ub ts Be angle Arblinded at Ns Coutve. a Ke cick 4g an are tf feng “Pe bts vadius ag te. etvete” : Rébation Between Linear and and Anguba Disphocamer - consider a particle moving tm a Ciyche of i -yadkius*y” ax shown im fanz. Let the Langit.te ave Alas 5 Angle Hb fan dad. 4 are : Ac’ Cin ‘radians ) =O, Now Take am ave. AB’ cagial m Leng to te radios of te : cinche ine. WB av . e aefpinilien , te) eagles Aoblinged Ay are AB Ab 1 vadlian, Nol y He avez ave proportanal. b ang ns thal hay anake. at Ts cautve of Cxthe 0”, Reka 4 angles = Ratio others ie ZAC L Are Ae LAoB Are AB oy. o = 2% (rad, ae. bengh 7 Are. a Radins 4 eircbe x ea ln vad. omade fy ths ave. act te Cestte. ReLation between ee, Rad. amd Rev, i ' Tex. civenm ference *f civeke “anv? makes an sarctse of Bbe" at Ha centre of te cinch. | S278 , Converbhy « id oye 5. = ZAR i BL’ = 2% ved -~ ae ) ° 2% 6 Ew L£ = 2haEm, oO = 27 rad, { Boo 180: 20 vad = Bb” | poe ST 4 rake 3& = 182°) "Prev ss br or 4 ¢not nie | bray. 22m vad,| ANGULAR VELOeI TY: = Dt “The vate ap Change of angular Fe displacement 14 tolled angular velocity. Sis denoted 4y 3B Comega). Explanation - ansdey a becty Ves. ‘velating around a tinenbay pot Ht teverses an LY Maplecarnadt * bo” Se Ten Fume avter- “' val ‘Bt’, then the aver. rv veboaty ag daring tis Minis satevvad “8 gen Py wy = 43. 1 a oe “% The _inthawtaneous am veloely te. The velocity at a fartizubay F< Af Lemme 4, a 25 Vike ‘wm the Limik op Un rattio “Je a "proaches bo Bex “end. 28 covitten ae BO = £28 . best bbe. AE Direction + i few egtar reboot “3 & veil Yprontzdy anh Me divection js taken, farrell & te agate daplacament ee. along thn. ans © of volation wand Les Giver 4y rept Rand whe, KT diyectin of anpatar vebotity Teh anpos cad the Change ap dtveckon Af vlation of ta. beady. Unik. The SI- Uyut of angubay vebocily A red fs, Aut sometimes it us aby rycteace bn vev/s or vevfmin (rpm), PaWGuLAR ACCELERATION » Date, we "The vate of Change of angular veboekl 18 Cabbad y acacbevakor, Hs derctad /4 x Cathe). Explanation :- Consider a rotating * beady (ap ehetric fam) whese angular whet ys On teveating , ethem if is get Awitehsol on, be, Any cod Aas an awguclar aecebsratio. Jf ‘ay and ‘ey ave Tix values of yO oad y veloettes og a rotating Heady at vastauts ‘t? aunck "ty Aespectivaly , en tea A Ag Angeter acechiadion on Ws 3 ieilerral.” et tale finn Op xe Be tg 2 = ARN x a = Moe The_swalavtane sus, pepetar aecebavation, os the Linck of Te Rates © $2. as ‘at’ rain te pov, aud \ 28 \e 4y ; rf c= Aion Bb). Director :2" he augulay ME atin ob aby . a valley Geaeatily , whose. divecton Js taken Powvablel or antipavallel b te divectin “fF aeogubey veloady te. as along ts. axis Ff alation, fren Ay KER. eS SF a body “8 Apeectieg “py Han: Las pavelbel tS” and kts Taken 05 positive. Jf the ae: & is antiparabtel | ba” od Re ae Taken as ‘ve’, 9 Unids .- The sr- unit af engubay ace, ved.-/s" ft Bometimes at 8 mnaasuvad. tn rey/s™ oy Fev] mine RELATION BETWEEN ANGULAR AND LINEAR VELOCITIES :-_~ By fund. ta -velation between autem and fimear vebociles we must Corscble¥ a vod feooly pile abotkh 2—axcg uth an ay webasity * 00” as sehoeon ta fig— 20). Smagine a pt. "P' in Hh vigid dey * @ ata feifeadicntar distance “4? fron 4 2 axe of velakon Sop’. Aapres cuts oD ‘the. wepevence Kove og Tee ved. ; bady. ‘A _whevence Sone ce a ». FRO zephace ment &f rotabion ef a z igi bo New, a8 es pect volales , the fee? moves atong a eanrtte vedius Y wht a Simeny veleeney ” v ettovend Be. foo Pg. Sop’ tales cack angelar velsaby Sea” as sholdn “un 9-3 Oh - 1 Let during Ua Course of Lomotion ite PEP?moves through a. distimee pp=ss in a Kine inlev yal Sat) while He vaferemce. Aone. ay displacement “sa (radéans) daveng This terval. ‘op’ hos an Ae we Kmow that : Sm 7a. on AS = 748 ming feotk Aides oy “st, we have, a = % 48. —7 Taking hicks bot _anoles ; Ate Ee aa ees, a “> The. LHS. “unr 4. 2 Aspe: of joast,.” Lineny vekocily “u Dude. 0f Tin vebacely with which pt. “P pr rotons oon) The Be resimeferrence, . Gas crvcee. Stinihay Ay on RH.S ef 4.2 © him 68." represents tars vast, agile velocily arias “BE " og His SR ee Reina" op. So 2g.) foots MS ere ——> C3 SE ton fer tsearr fiom Fe 3) hat the pe. 7? xs ono yung larg aye ‘f - Jn the Lemit whan perro , thee Avg np are Bh becomes very Yrrale and ibs dKrection ve presents te divecton of tang ent to Te crvele at FEB Thus thks vebocly ie pe. P? along fer Bienes fin Cuttle has a onagnibie * Vand ‘ds di , eck Aa ebroagys along tee Tangent te Hen. Cveke.Tat is wby the Linaar volocly og Ra pl. P 28 abso Kron 25 ‘tangential velocidy” 2 city “| Relation between fimeay and angi fax acceebovatimneg 13 : : The squation : “yayveo” shows that a Change in augulay velocity Sea” vibe. produce ch @ uw Lweary veloeity “y" Thege Changes ‘we bok = vebedrtizs itll veselt im enguilen Orda fineay aceclerations.So te velahin jeetweem too acc. 8 derived as follows. we Know that: Vs veo Ms DY =v be) ; Cx =4eutl) Dividing Leoth sioles fap “at” cae get: By ye . _ bt St: Taking fimk, Anoth grictes , ae chave: hic BE Ue vy fin 50 Sto! BEa0 4b 84 Mog afinibions of mat. anguclar awh hunadi ace. Ww above “eZ. we. gc: Aare This 4. ves To velatconstup between Be mag nillcds of dinent ana prgt lax accelerating The Mineat Roe. A 4s abe Cabs tengentiak nts j ace. “a: Thavafore. « a =Te,The eqwations Bon thy He Aame te these in Lineay onokin ashen we vephace “6°, ‘o)” and ‘x’ Aespeckvely. A Comparison +f the Tao 2 fe y mol ave 2xac. ‘SV and ‘a7? reve: Lineay Moton Angular Moti ro) Bom Wat Vd Gh = Ce » ont Gh Ss ayteget™ [Gy @ a at that? ti) 2as aytiye (ii) 2a0 =o HO ot. The aagecsy. guakions of. oe rhobd then thee axis 44 lato Hs Faced. Example Sti AnwkchifYa, rotatin at Breys 2 AatkbrAd otf Me tomas te vest in 18°S. Assuming deerlavaten t jee Aniforin, find ib vals. Hole 7 aM vevolutions aA ik Hin Aefore Coning bo vest ? Ske Given tat by, tive : = 3 vev/s, ©, =o t= 18S, La? vets Fora” sing

Mekon ef mucheay) parbebes i, accebry., alors , onelion sf fiputecls, ele, Xs due b Coutipetal Fores... Equation Contripetal force i Cmnsiday. a parbele. A Fe Which \qrover from ft.A- th fb B git tmperon speed, Vas thon ta Fy-4@. The vebocty ap the Porticte fi-1@) i Changes wk divection ut i ont omagnilide The Change ‘m velocity “5Shown ‘wn F9-1- Hente. The ace. oe es | perkete wea x av a= — a whare “AV” is the henge oa Rav ig velocity duz te Change ‘un dltveckon YW ie: deeriong Fim ‘intarval ‘at’, ai raring te particle from pt. 4 ts F- -fe | pe. ‘B) Lt He velocities at fis. A, ancl ‘g* ae Vawdk i Axspachvely an foun ben ie way Sinta, Te Spork $farticke os" > ae We Kone taken te travel a distance ‘s’ as -shown In F#- -4(ad 48 es Ag: re) Pathing Hs Valier Av a> Sy ve wn ey WD, We have: gar S ex a= VL) ——+(» Crider Troed titan Le POR Auch Hat Pa. ca parallel and egal thy” and “PR” x parable and ajrak to Yas Shown “an fa- 4 (3). be Kno that ta» radius e Tis. Chvebe as beans pare Perckoulay te the pe’, 80 ‘con “8 parpecdlinty to "Wy aad. “op” 2s perraaree a BY oS an Fip-yia). Jlave fore : LACB = L&PR Litivoss Vad y. furtiy as. |W] =|2] = and OA =OB, Gr Wewav) Ae both triangles ave isorcelas . From Feomeliy,AS favallel ty ‘yy’ ‘ Leite, SUB) hoo Fasten Triacgles ave. FejsiDey. 4 te | avghes between dheiy gual ares ave 2qual. Hence, Wee “s0AB og Fieve Us Aema'hay te “a par” of Fa-1e- : So we Can rif fh = AB ty. of tee pee B is Lose to we. fe oy on Ba! cycle te, when bt— 0, he are AB 25 po- apeh & te a tha Ame 48. 4 on Ae = af ers AB = Thewepore. ~%.(4) becomes 4 = & ¥ " = 3 (tee YE): Pethinng tes vadite bn 29.033, We jet: a= 3S AV = v ( zB 2 = a Lae — &) Te. -4,. (6) ie Lee accehevation. AS “Hrs ace. 45 Caused My the Centripetal Pe aot Zé Called the Contnpatal ace. derolid =k __, oy This pedi us divected along The rackius Tate Tks Cacti oF Tee chycle. From F4- 4A) ard 4th), since ‘fe. ce By te oA and PR is Lhavt op » 20 OR 2s thy tad AS The ace, ef te object. moving tn a civele | than AB—s0, 5 Coulvipetalace. 18 Atvetted along the vadiue twarcs thea Cenrtye. ef Ths tyche. Thus it js eoncluded that -. : "es Aes ches Of Aon object travelling asthe “om peed. wiai treble xs diyethd bwaids “te Codye o¢ ta Circle aud. 1a cabtd Contnpetal accelerakion’ The Cunctyepertiah pores. hes The Rance diy ection as the Coutvypeteal nee and i valus “& fiver Jy : le ¥ Y VE VO, Bon fo MIS) sored a4 Eo = mr : 2 Sn vector form * aay cr) Seay fg = ya2 4 7 wo oe Z or &% estoy -4r C: YeF), => y aw cE o - act : a (= (sr Gvivecton -? x6 2 Te 2 Cant, and Eo sl omvy Nas bes me te. Ta Aso: E\e— mae Exccon ple. LER A bookg Cae de Timing ote, a Corney at lomfs-as it Traveds long an ave of a Cincher Te. yedivs Of Thx Civele is lom, how Hage a Force omust hee enervted fry thn Povaonent on the Tyres h Fold te- Cay om Civerbay pay Sob. :- The required force is Contipetal free f. ; 2 le onl = (eer (ed = fcoo Ny fe tw,d For Class X1 | 1 oacellbe. Example Sidi A ball ted & ter. hapa. Ahing » 28 Aileng in verlicle eivele af racks VY under the action 4 grauly as “asian, mw fa-* What wile he the Jirston in The Bt ving sothen © he belle aa ot the pe W” op He path and ili peed aa “y" ok thas pot % v oA Sol 48 shown ‘om figs, both forces, ive. Lemsion “Tanck exapbt es” ave. acting clotonware. abeng tha vadiiis bowels He cenne. at hiphact ps9” Fis. im the Verkele “Civelr. so Hey vectw . Aum must provide the veg ved Coucteopalal fore. 2 . 2 =m onus 7 ar "4 oT ony? ly) = on omg ee y T= ae —_— * ho te couspect of ths ib MOMENT of NERTIA . ' Defy.» “The. prcvntily * YAS Known a, He . roment of paths ank 1s dandted feet” > The amoment of imeylia jYgs tee Aone - role un anger lay omation ax Th “onasg in Aineat onglion,> (2) The moment op jnevita Atpends fon Explanation - Constdey a masy “mn” attached ......4 hb a massless vod at ‘0° as Bhawan “un Fa-6. kek th moi Ayplem: at fe. ‘0° (Pivt), 2s ‘frickin hss. Let ths Fipehane hee wm a horizontal foes: A fra Spo cs acting on thee amass peypendinter to tke od, According te amd\ flaws aap rmotion: tgs 6 Fema (np Sn dow 40 The Force alk cause. ta mass to -wtat about ‘ao’. a = HX oO F se mre = —> 03) AS Hacrniong affect oa produced. fy Forges t} Ao for bor Eing Lay (38> in Tevoms of Torque, we. anaktiplg ik \ ty "von both Axdes. Thus . > (%) C4 =a) YF = mrnk() = one ie, C= Fe or C= mis a C2 Tu (: m¥s ID Moment of Snavha Of eo _ igid. body - Mest vigid bodies have Aiffevert mass eh Centvatios at different clistounces from Ba ances°F Yolahon , which means the mas distributn vas ou Uniform. Tie vigid. body a ee of ‘n” Aonabe eas ue masse8 om, , mm ab distances 7, ta es from He ances ap ratation > OO 88 Shown “uw Fie ab). week a Tg-1)y, Ch aie be? pres of mess gutlkin La pe rigid Aeooly Onda goes tie Bane argulay ace, about The pived pont]. Let te body Aer wwilating wat The angular ace. "to the ere mt Te acting on mm, wae: = ™,7% ee, —— Stoni lavby, ths Tovgue anim les : c= om, —>@) Stute “tha hed oo “eats Ao abe ths masses ave. wolating cath Her Borns. me ace, be, Aye ee eee a . Tate ss os piven fy: Trae (mt me I) =( z mi 9) of ov Terese A eS) where, “Le Zmine” is the moment of inertia aftke vigik body. ¥— The omement, of tela “ vaylets bodiss about tha ancs volatom that posses Rrougt Beiv Contra Pointe (fags) ave giren belo: Thin ved. : Lakme “", Gla lng), 2 Thin ving (rhe): Le emt ° Gre vediia) (2 Sebi Dise (or ee how EGO (Sphere £ Da me Oy. Umit Te sr- uct ef moment of Shaka org ANGULAR MOMENTUM :- Dy. an “A parhcke is pac to posses am i Bon ¥ omoratnlion about a Veference as if “ut Bo moves that ‘ats emguley positon Changes velative ty that vinte 2X8” OR, “Te cxess frodact op povten | vediey 7 owl Limeay pmo 97 duckie fp +4 Cabbak Angela onoonedlium Aarcled ne Pye ye ‘ Exphonation sy 2 Conticdey a particle of Oa emass Son? oraving gaat volotily F mis cto.Foe Onlineinfo. an eatoy approach to Intermediate having Atveay cmomentim P as Shown ‘mm | Fa-8- Sh aw ¥ omementum L vebahire t He origin oO os rte, as; fet Cos ¥xPF ———> there Fx 1 posibion recs op te favbele at Hat instant velatinn tb He ovigen fo Ay y amomertim js a vector, Gportily ond. its divechion hs Pecfendiaheaen tthe plans. formed fy 7 amo Py Uebel, Con ba Fim fey ight hind yale if vectey product, The. mnagicisde ef Pgs arnpmectim xs given Ag: . L = ypsme = YM Seno or. Eos mBysin&® +e , whave. $9? cate Sanalf feetaeon Y and. P Une. Thee ST angular ooo Tis AB Kg S) ov Ts | he s- jf a particle as roving im a ceveke racbius”y” wth frien an an veboeity ‘ay ™) them angle Latlreon ty amd ‘Vv? na: 90. Honea: Los mvvsi.go = my But ; ve 40 4, l= m(4a)¥ = myn L = me ——+(3) Abo: L=Tw 5 yy C: Lamy)PW athe ro ha ACO Angubay Momenticm a a vip body. . Connider a Aifmmetvic. nigh feody abating about a es axis. trough nl Contve Bf mass 28 Shown ‘wn 4-4. Each particle op the rigid Jody wlakes about tie Acme avis Fee wm a crete eth an angutay velecly eo A The rigid. Body 4A omade. of ne Amable peeces Of omasbes om, ,™ at dishantes 44s from he. axis volation ‘O°. Hence The. repre. of angular Freie due tem Similarfy : se. 4 o “ and Bo an, and: : yi ” 53 1 Mt gh Emre 0 » ” 1 Mah? ve State the’ divedtios of Li 4 seme 28 that . Blak “PN trremnotim tf the rigid belles Basham ely ves E+ Se . se Ate REIS te 22 Se MC Vis ve s = he 2 ¥, 20 Ao Tap = 742 Fmreo + ™ me my 5 et (omy, fm + tomy Neo = Tote Cee see = Le 2 Bye Z Lip TO, cxheve. Fi seen Inga oF vii body,Tgpes of angubay rmominiim i | Angetar ememeritum 4s of Tio Ayfoes ci) Spin angular momentiom ha Apr angular momentum AS The apne momen tum fa Apiorni ng Pody. tk xs dented : Ay 2 . for cen pte an acrobat Apo are! amd a fined aris AK, have. opin ang. | amg mention, * ay hocon A 10 (4) Fp-20 mt i) osbitel angular. momentum + The. orbtfat YY wmomentim is Bsbotald, walk the motion Po bocky along a cvenbay - pek. SE js denoted. fy Stes fov ram ple: A Aproter yeeing arvotimd a thterbay track fan orbital argubay amernention . Usiably ‘ua orbital aungilay onomentum Cesen orbital vadius ts a as Comprved to fhe AB of te wey he 5.4 The onass af earth 8 xi aa ener from eayh fo Te Ain UB HER M, MS Leen from Te diveckion “f Norik Stay, The encthWa one yor Ao tt ovbifal apeed Ye vy, = 2A¥ Cz Sout) /o 5 ee Ao, orbital angular onomanticm ef byt we ah, amyr } a 2a a 2a fin > bL = mC )ros am 243: iS ae ) ee xe oy z = 2.49% 10% kgs. tee Aa ali teint es Sram 7s Cantey obackwihen Laso Consevvaton of An Momerntimn : é stitement i "is Law statis hat iff mo ext- : ernae brpe ach ma Aplon, the. toll angular mo martin of the Apstem “remains constant ” Mabsmaboabhy : A eeSPRAIN oy omomention Jo ome of be faumda mantel; prwciples of Papper Jt tas feeon vert Bead | for recta and amerehavel ie. for veg Aavge as well as fe vew Arable objects. Ds. *Hect Of tha Laws ep Corseyiahion of ans Y Mementinn Led veadsby offarect 4% a Aogle X80 bated. Pinning Aeody hilb ri: bb moment ef inarba fer example ; Molen of a chkiver » ; The “diver” prshes oe Kn hioavd ust A wind se aagebay vehocity abut a horigontabes axes Krouge, tis Ceuhe og pr ‘6. Uta heFling eg from ta eoasd, the Aivars Legs and arns are ft extended which areang Kat Ue diver has a Lege omomet of wnertia F absad. es asp Tha onpment Of weiia is araclavahhy, vedected ba new Valet. "Zo cham rhe. gs aod arms ava dyawn wilh hn Chesed "Mer Potekion, AA tha. angela, omementiim us Corserusal , so: l= Le, Gib sre) Le Fe ethene 0 8 angular Geko ow fey = te, Hence, Ha divey onust opin faster ahey mat 14f Inerka feecgmes uraller b Cranyeer. Angatay aanomewtum, is enables the diver th take eee BomerSantt, Sn thes ecataies we. ticgutiy Captain Ditechon of An maular Mo mention r The am y anpmentin A a Vecliy Gran tly wih drecko along. tee anis of volation , which Temams pine. fis Xs cheay frm The following fack: , “Te! ais of volakon ep am object web not Change WB ovtentation Un bss an extirnal targus causes ut t do &" fact is of fret tedforlance for te Bart as “tk omoves ctoimds the Aum. No otter Ageabhe Tovqur Ae ex perirnceal sti arth, because. The mayor fores acing ont 3s thks publ of tice Ate. The Earth's ants. . af Yolation, therefore) wemams finadt in ome diveckion wath Tefevence % the Universe Aree wethe yz2418.) As, Apphicaticis’ of this Law: Thee Law Congeyestion of has onan Afphicabors. For tamper : dm creation 4 lars (i) $n omohm af tee Akalers tit) Sn Leallet hancel®) In jfmnostes, Y Onomedtiim ayROTATIOWAL KiwETic ENERGY: | “Sf a Arody 18 pinning xbout om aris with carstant acgutar velocity ‘es’, each post a he doodly “5 omoling im a cixeulay pom and, iker 2, tas Aome K.E.” Ths K€. Chled ytatimal ke, : Echressiom for Rotetionnd K.&, To devine an expression for te fetal Yolabioral. Ke. of a Pinning Ardy , we Imagine tt hee Combos ot Hing pecs Of MAK om, yon eos of a piece af mma ‘one 4s at v a distance “yy,” jrem Ha Anis e < Tolaton as hye ‘on Fp a omeving wi A tyehe put peed: Vi = tes aa Ths He ke. of this po Ey KE am Wee home (nea ORM Soni yt —» 0 The ylakieal e.g. op ths whofe Heody is the Aun og thn Kinetic. energies Pp al pos, So we fave ; es th Re ak ae EG eC ge LS = dns mary =~ =es sei, ao pp = moment of tnevba of te hood of ebbing or pinning Aeodis are preset i in a Aepham, their volabionnl KiB, onnst bw | imekudad as part of the toa KE. Use of volational KE, i Rotakimal Ke. 2s put t prackial ast by ft urheels, which ave Peuntiae parks “f mang engines. A t% wheel lores anegy fictwenm the passer Abkug op thn Pickens. Rotational KE, of a Dise anda Hoop. CD The _volationeR KiB. ef a dise » 3 we Know that: kK. e.= 4 re +01) for a_dises Let mr* Boe OR Gape LC bmi date bola Ly are =» Ve er Ke, = pov + (2 The. rolabionel KE. ef a hoo Hoop A hoop con. few eu ht of as a vere WK tes weabke.A- roblous Cyhinclar. For a hoof, Smee: ZD= mr” b a Be Nd ai 2 Tham : Ke = pte =tonr jo ts Ao: =i™ vee Verve ae Vee bel ee KE, a emv — 68)Fac Ontineinfo. an eaay approach to Intermediate || Accord TTR Altai moving down tnebined plane +4 Aight OR) their & cmotin Consists op foot fe-i2. volabonal ard tyansfakiomal omdtims AS “bois rs F9-/2. He me cnegy wa fest agama t Friction , the total KE. of ths hse ox boop on teaching the bottom ap The danchines “onst Ae ypeh te i pl. at te Dop-n\ Pes KG tke, ov ogh abot bret s+ —_, For Dise: | ange = bony Sy = tmp my amy” * va fF. —> &)... Example G5 5 disc without hipping talbs down. a Bide rg. height tom. OF tke dise sfarti Fo ist ot the typ op the Bibl, sakat is ili -apead at ke bolo ? 2 vafEGe ajieraxio » Soh. as Fiver: he lom,Ve? » Ve ied ms. , ; ' ‘“Avtpianl Aatttits ave object that orbst arourd the each, Mang oman- made fate. hela ave. orbiting Brolma ts eayt jm civentey ovbis . Bey ave whed for for different Parposes. They, are. pul mls orb by. vockels and are . Ath un orbié fy franitatiorak pull of the ark. once mm orbits, Thag dwt ned ang prpelting _ fore & Keep ther tere. ‘ Tha. Low FY Bayh Satebhks have Ace. = 9.9 Ys Touayds the Contve et the Earth, J; 0 aot, Louk. offiurn & Ax eit at vie Eavik.. a a a Critical, Vebocity s- sm “Tce oviinicntion velotely mecessory te put a patella im tha ake “5 Cablad the Critical Veloarty? Eypotion. of \ Critical bose rie Consider a Batis is roving in @ cythe chose. th cay, te Coutupetal force aoting on aos “fiven Ay: - = eu eee OD whore Vv = orbie vobocily og The alee R = Radius of Earth 2 base fae ™, This Cotrpedal Govee as sufplied by ie‘ f£=& . - oe , S 7 7 | ee . ap | Se Gee Wet ge F gi \ex v= JOR ATT 4K 279 x10 Ys Ve 79 Km/s i which Ls ‘the mumerical yalus of cribtal velocity. Time pexcod we Se «5 the dma efi red. ig Ha Actkehhit. th Sompliie one vretolution around the Eayh? Stuee velocdy “f % Aateltile un an ovbee as constant , Ao Abwe : Savt t= AAR DHA BAY KEY KIO ov S%727 = =osceue 7 = Y TX te = 8078 § = BY.SE & 84.6 minuhis, Ty = 84.6 minutes, Jf : Awwever, a Aelillle tn & Ce tulay pybit ws at Qn afprecable Aistance “R' @..) above Hn Earls Aur Face, Fy, we omust take int account 1 he eoperinental fact that Ma freviletonal acs nelle- eae PS ho Neamt. fron The Cache op Eavik( FR). ; The. Aighar the Adtech, Wa. shower we faa. vepired. apead and. 4onger a, we take t Complete. one Tevobution around te -eark, Chase orbiting Ackibbilis oybit the faxk at a Aegat ef about Yooksn. Globat Pesitioning Sytem :- Tesemby four chose orbiting ate bhites : C Re Yookm) form the Global (etition img Spin. . WIK the Ralph of this Ayshem, Am fix Rina” Pilot, a Aaloy ox othr parton Can mold mae a fockel Atge instrament! cr .onobile [hore bt find a potttion om Earths nr face sb Thue. loom Accuracy. REAL AND “APPARENT WE EIGHT soa ser The force wit eshieh Eestk attracts on ciel tpomdy ot seeds ReabWeight “Te wight ef am ofpct dex & te fravi'tebional pace Of Tee Exxk on Tee object i Called veal we™aht” Stu sual denoted fy Weng. St. vale depends upon tes. valice oF Sas “f fro, Wao. i Ke a Vedlar Gramtily and ‘ds wit 25 'N-A Class Xt ® Apparent Weégst “The. neigh eraasured fy a Aprig balance is Cabled afferent werght Sk As eyyak tet fonsion uw te —abring of string. | LF 8 demoted dy “Ww!” or 7" Sts value dapends | ttfon omaguilads and divectom of omolen Ff the ody « ‘ Appavant weight of am object. in an thevator (ov Lift) :- rs Congidey an object mags “on” tad ty a thing Aalanea tet 13 atchsd b Tha ceilicg op a Lt. The vending om The spring bakamce athows Te Hemsion in tin shying , demotid by’ TV and. is Called affavent coeight j i | | i of tea object. Sts vabue depends wpm tke ace. og te hfe. We shale | discus it un foblstii fetter, Cpses: ci) When tye ws “aaah » When the LYE deat vest or moving ath Le cforen vehoccdy then According be Aekeed. fans of omdion He ace. a=o and Arce met forcr i6 Bro. Jf Gad the fravitalioral force atweight) — Hgt® aching on it and “Tis hewston in Te firing tla tie Aare: kag = T-W ° a het =e, = T-NW oo T= Wem, |Apparenk ot. = Real wt. Gi) When the Aye 25s moving uptdards whan the Aft Cor ekevalv) bs “moving upwards wit am ac, a, them upward fensiom x4 Preis i [ T, than downward force C Fq_11)). 1 he. fret = TOW, hope net A § dla W R > To-W = ma femelle KT = Wtma emigre, — figetics pe amoving op. . App. wt. 7 Read cot, by ca engi AP Git) When The Lge ws omeving downwerds x When the bpe onc chance, He olgect a onoving downwards “with s an eee, ‘a’ CPA=NO, fhe fH We have: fg-M ©) Lge meting f, = wHr E. 1 Bape ma Cand Raa of mtn” > W-T = ma, ar T= Wma emg-ma ez 7 =emOF-4) ——> # “AP wt << Reak wt Ag am aametint “oma”, CY) when the Lift tales. freely unday peaviti. Mike te LH As pig freely under fravly, hin a =9, and Aven; T= Womp, or fier - Ye T= m™(G-9) =0 , T= App. wt. =oThus Hes apparent cot. of the object Ahewwn 4y Tks Aenke wise pee Zero ice. Comdikin Of waeigat hanress. Se is clear Fram the above déscussion. tat » the app. wt. og Ha object 2s mot necessarily espa Uk te or real wt. tn an accelerates Agption, WEIGHTLESSNESS _IN_ SATELLITES AND GRAVITY FREE SYSTEM 3 When a Aatellita ns falling freely a spade, eveng thing cathin thes freely felling Agpitem wile appear 4 Lee wegttless. Sk does mot mailer where” te object ia, arkeflay it As falling Htrdter te force of attraction of Eaythy, Hi. Sitm a Aome2. Atlant Alar. “An _Eavh’s Aatithite 2s Freaky falling object. . dis Alaliorent onay, fen Aurprising at fro, fot ie 28 2atily Been “flo fe. nest from The. Plain example : ansider the feebayiouy ef a Prpettite stot frra- Mee te te origotel Aarfoce. Of es. eavth in, The absence, Af air friction. Jp the Propectite 2s tyoum at Arccessively Anger Apeeds, thay duvig ak free fable to tha Zark, tks. euyeaticye af the pot dec Yeates wsitk Imeveatung hovigental speeds. If Tha j object as Thrown fost enough parallel to te Earth, | te curtratine op ah pat ite onateh Min tunalareof the. aye as shown un Fa" Sn this Case He face slip site Aimphy Circle te Eavfh, , The Apace Alup is accebe rating Towards the Contre a the Eark 7 at abe fimes Aroce it cincbes yrs. Peat . wound. the Ear. I vedial acceleration is Atopy “Gin. ths fee fale acceleration \ Sn fack, te Apace Ship “8 Falling Treads eee Contre of the Eavh at ate Wea, Zimes ) Sent ke cunpature ef the tart prevewts the Space . AbD from tilliog Since thee pace llip “sm free Fell, ate Bn objects eoifhin, nt Appear to fu ereeget. bs. Ts 0 forte 18 veguihed 4 told am obgeck felling bo The Frame of Whfeverce oe Re. Apece. Craft ex hatelicles. Suck a Ayshem As Cabbad. “Gravel free Hystem. ORBITAL \VeLocirTy + Defy. te “When a Aeody 8 moving im an ovbil Ctivewkay or biptiont | ues anion 2 Called. orbit emotion aud as veloc 3 Cabladk “gybital velocily.” Excphamation Be cart and all ollir Phamelb Ww eur AoLay Agsham vevolve arxolimd. He Atm “in mealy Civeulay paths. The artificial635) Adiethiis Launched Ary men alto adapt nearly Cr ukay frhs avound. the Ear. This Ape, ot t groin 2 Cabted orbilet omolin, | Epation of orbital velocity ~ Considay The. Fy ls, in which an ark pieiek Aelabtile a Circling avound. th Eavh, Let He mass of Aalelhile 8 "9, anc “V" us ibe orbital Aperd. The onass Of Earth is'm" fp tb - aud “x? vepresauts The yachivs 66 tee oxbit. 4. Centripetal Frree. “ Map 2 equived Rola the AaB uv. orbit, Tes free Ls provided. Ay the fravilakional. force ef attracton Astaeen ee Ear and tha Aateleilet.sn "GM." . Eqnalling tk too Fforte swe Ge: i * Av SM oe ~ % ve SM r oy w= (aM Y The above 2%, shows Kat the ovbifae Apecd is sndapcslect mp the omass ofa Aateblite Thus ay AdLii orbiting at a Athrmen.' x? fam Earth, Ceitive oust Rave the ovbifag peed as Given fy. absre. yaks, Ang Speck L035 tha. this veel Arving Wi Antelleti Aumbhing eack tb Earth,Aakllibs sm civeutay| orbit at a distance. of 384,000 km from the Eayth’s' Aurfoce. What us ib pextod. of one vevolution ‘Im : dows % Take oman of Eavk Ma bx 10! kp, Awd ub yadius R= b4ookm. Sol. w Given tet; Ms bxio'kg Rx bho Em ReBMrookm 5% ¥ R+h = b4o0 + 38¢000 = 3F0G00 Km a Fans bhp eal a A ae Mug 2Y- v 2 fOM cf etry + bX10. v 7 BIouooxso™ Vie ofa m/s a fel Kons! i 3 ; Als T= FAY 2 243-144 B4ehon xXl0 { ae : e - v yop *Wconds # 1 T= 28-4 days. . Defi. te Na Provitetonal actelerabion producad im a Apate. Cragt ly ritating at about v& caniaxn us Called art- ip” pratt | Explanation te Astronauts with respect b thay space evagis (ox Aate hits) aye un te Alete f weight less nsas. Thee. coeagirt Lassnsys erveates a fot of Problems for the. astronauts while perfor- oning theiy dlutes im He rae compa: Te jet f rid op this Afpenbly an “arhfieial frovly “3 2 Created. “wn the space slip 4 rateting A around UE own ants. Te astronauts then ave pressed frwards the pulev vom avd exerts a Ffrrea on TixFaocOntineinfo| —- Chapter No. 5 an eaay appraach to Jutermediate PRoor FF tha Pace. eeep In much The Bama woo as on the Eavth.. Exchression for frequen Comscdey a face cv f of fia thape OS Bhawan “mn F9- 17. The puter radius 4 Kee paca craft as R) and ik volats around ji coon Cerntval axis ah aopalay ped “ca”, Hen ih eogetay, ace, “a, ay a, = Ros ——> Ace ee Bat = 2h | have 4 ts ! = Ue period. of revolution of “tats or pee Rom Hence : a= RGBY = RES mogek eg eee en ae Ii Sees wy fH [ae As te Fover f pry provides ths vive: Contiiptad ace, A, =F Hence. Ff =F jE —> (2) when The Hpace ship rotates ctth thes frapensy, Ke. ath fierat gravy keke Eavth js provided t tha ‘im-fabttants a Rs Space ship, GEOSTATIONARY ORBITS + Geo Stabonary Satelite r- “A Aateleele whose orbital ometion Xs Aynckeponiged with the rotation of The eavK 18 called geo- synchronous or Geo~ .Atakcona ry Ale Mde. ; A jorynchronous Aaleile wemans alaays over the same powt an te -eyrdlor as ta Earth int gn ide ants, Such a Aatelile Us veg. Mee ful wold wide tammuniestion, Weolker observation, mavi sign , and hex mibilary Aes, Geow Stabionavy ovbie w 4 feo-alattonary orbit, 4s Auch an orbit in which an ati fined Addle- Mi remais at vest with respect t Eark” Excprsssion eoe Stationary orbital yadines ae Knots hat Wee orbital speed mecebsory for the Cuenta, orbit of a Anlelbie «5 given Jy: v & [eg a> tohere ‘772s ths distance ef Aate thie from he Conttve of amir GV. (ey? oy x Ga, D\ 7 Fe The. above. 24. (3) fires ten ovbiled vacdius of a fee-shatonay Aadstbits.. pultthe Vabiccs We get: > ye [steatb a sx ieeencones”)? sa nil votasxid ae ke which ns Me orbitals radius meassved from the Coutye. of te eayk, fora fee Stabonary Ate leils , A Aaleblite ot this teight wilt abesays Alay din ectly above x, Prvtculayr Pout on tha Aur face of the Eavky Tis Pegg bt above tha equally os Bbp00knt COMMUNICATION SATELLITES :- G20 Stationary Aatelrlisi are used for Commumication purposes. A Sat ttile Communication Aplam Can fee et op +4 (escog Aeveral pea Alabonay Aatliilis 'm orbit pay defperent PottsCovers Ido of Aongiluds , Actkat grhols of Tea populated tarts Attfece cam fax Covevad Ay thee Correctly Positioned AateLbitis PS hoon nn F9-'7. fi Since Hage fee atationary . ate Aalellilis £2em to —thovey oe (Overy ne place on ta Ear, Fi-19. a Kee Contentious esmomanieatin ysith ang (place Voit Avrdace og he Eayi Can. fee omnade., Meera crryeg AYe Ated . feecause They Travel Im a mayo beam, : Ina atyasget Aine and pass easily Worougee The. | alongs phave ot the Eayth> The -enerpy needeot & Bop Lif and ve tydrsmit Be Agnals a5 provid Ag Aage Aokay tebe panels fitted. on The Aad Mitey, Theve ave ovey Boo Eavte Atakons pehieh teansmt Aynals te Aatelbitig avel yecaive. Aignals via. Aatebbiter from Chay Courteios, Yor Cam alg Pick top the Aypnak from Wn Aeteblita Asing a dist antema on gory Beare, The. APargest Adtalhila Agstem a managed fy 126 Cotertritsy Inteynational. Tetecommunication Satellite onpanigation (INTELSAT). An INTELSAT-TL satellite operates at microwave Frequences af 4,6, and GHZ, and hos 2 Capacity of 30,000 eso coay Lolepoone.. Civeuits plus Rree TV. channels.3 Class EX ample 37 © Rada and Tv. Agate botnee | from a Aynelronous Aatelects . This sateteiti cyycles os ths. Eavit mee in 24-hys, $0 Af Hie Aatilite Civebs, _ Cestward. Abe The ppeliv, it alags over ta Aame Apo on the Eav feccause the Ear Js volating at he ame vate. (a) What Jes Me. orbital yadius | pr a Agnehwnous Aatrlili ? &) What is A peak? Sol, te@we Know hat: 6 = 6.67xI0" Aw EF, M=éx tot kg, t = 24 Xborbos a Gbhooe . » 7% : ee a ott: » Pithixg vablies ) we get: . m y Yom [Ebr ni8e bate (Bht00} Ze 4.2.3x10 ™ Y = 42a x lo? m/s. 7 3 5 F = PAY SPHERE Lg ory cb) a tak # feo ate or VV = Bf km/s) : NEWTON's AND EINSTEIN'S Views OF GRAVITATION According & Weivion , The Prariteton as «He ‘nbrimsce preperly of omattey That evey partite ca matter attack eve cther particle pik a Force that Js diectly proportanal a te Prodock of Tein masses ard vs Inver asty proportional b te Apere 4 ta. distances. fectieen them. According % Ejindlain’s Tory, Apacs Cine as Cuived , Aspeciably Focally Neay massive eodin. To visualise His, Coricer the apace as a this yabperAboot, ¥ a heavy eight “38 hung pa HE, 5 ae ured as. shown tn FG_-R0 a). Tae woergact Cones Ponds ba = age mass at Costes spc Ueselp to carer, Ths , im Etns tens thoy we do mt (Hrrew y weight Aperk of Tes five. 4 fark | "Rubber shot analy for acting on bodies, instead we sap enrand nS Tot by ods and apat rays Pees omove along Gcodewes Ca tarred Pritiny Aunt -equivelent to Alragtt Ames in phane feomety), WM curivsed Ge l-7ts see, Apace time. hut, a ba at rest or omoving ALowhy near Fig- r0cb) ta grewk rats CHj-reled)) Pengo tit by fe weutd. follas a geodsrte toward, ta boty. y Einstenn”s Kaory jie AS fugsicnt pectere. of Foto Party corks . Newton discovered Te inverse sgnare Aan of fray faut Ae could rot axphain cohge Groutly follete On tnverse Aypare. has, Einstemn As =i Theory abso Aaya Kat fravily follows aa iwverse Aypare, Law (except in Along Provitelmal jislts), “rut 1 tells as why this Atowld fue Ao. That ns csty Etrstn.”s thoy “a hellar than weston 7 Baovg Etastaim Inferred that if gravity aod aceebeyatio:an eaay approach to Jutermediate lass XI are precisely eypevaled , Growily must fend Light, Aig a predise amount thet Coutd. fee Cabeutated. This Was mot entirely a tart ing Auf partion « Mecolins: tezory » heased on Ha idea of Aght as 2 slyeam af Bing povticees, abo Auggestad That a Apat beam poubd. fee deflect d Ay ford. Bat im Ejmatern’s Tory , tee daplection of agit rs predeblh % be exactly tice as freat as ot las accvrding te Newslen 4 Teory. When ta bending of Atakight caused. hy cra fraviy of Tie Sun was oraasiuxed daring a Avlay ectipse in 1919, (FG-robedfoind te mateh Etnatains prediction yotker thes Newton's , ten Ejmatatn’s theowy ak aided AS a Aderkifa Tricemph. QUESTIONS : Mote :- The answers tft puestions at the end of the Chaphy ave Given feelows. far questions tee fost pge. QSL s Tangentiak velocity frgulay vebor Ww Sas the Liar veboaly eal Se 2s he vate 4 Change / porkicle aroving abng a curve | Of engelay displacement ov & Cats kyeckd abeng Tho of a porticle onoving tog Tamgent at any Pe. om Tie curve. | a Civeukay fr. ; DW Skis dena ty Vp,» ® JStis dented + Seats 3) Ib wha We: Ved, 113) Jb formule are: w= Af e fore Moved, e fleoseon, 2 OD St unt cs ms, CIB units ad].