2 :






2008
 






- :

!"#
$%&

:
'(

C6 H 8O6( aq )

:pH ( 
         1

+
:     .1.1
+ H 2O(l )
C6 H 7O6 ( aq ) + H 3O ( aq )
:  .2.1

C6 H 8O6( aq ) + H 2O(l )
C6 H 7O6

( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )

(mol) #  %#
ni (C6 H 8O6 ) = C1.V
0
*+
C1.V xq
xq
*+
C1.V xm

xm

*+

xq = nq ( H 3O + ) = [H 3O + ] q.V

# $&

x !
x =0
x = xq

0
xq

$ '  $

$() $

# $

x = xm
/0

:/ ,-. (* ! + )(.3.1
C1V xm = 0 xm = C1V + 1() xm

xq [H 3O + ] q.V
[H 3O + ] q
pH
=
=
=
= 10
xm
C1.V
C1
C1

= 10

= 10 2 9,8.10 2
: #%2 C1
10
.  @# ? > % <;8#)  : = 9,8.102 pp 1 :.*

[C6 H 8O6 ] q = n(C6VH 8O6 ) =

[C H O ]
6

7 6

Qr ,q =

3,01

pH

C1V xq
= C1 [H 3O + ] q
V

: Qr ,q   B #%2 * .4.1

= [H 3O + ] q

[H 3O + ] q [C6 H 7O6 ]q
[C6 H 8O6 ] q

Qr ,q =

106,02

10 2 103,01

[H 3O + ] q 2
10 2 pH
=
=
C1 [H 3O + ] q C1 10 pH
= 10 4

: .

K = Qr ,q = 104
C6 H 8O6( aq )

. : K  F #%2 .*

:C500 4#+ *6 /+   $0#( 

  2

+ HO(aq )
:     .1.2
C6 H 7O6 ( aq ) + H 2O( l )
:2J K!@ MN;  O@ . : C A H%I  #%2 .2.2
CB .VBE
VA
1,5.10 2 9,5
=
= 1,425.10 2 mol.L1
10

C A .VA = CB .VBE C A =

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 2 :






2008
 






- :

!"#
$%&

T. m = C A .V : n = m n = C A .V R/ + : m /;  #%2 . * .3.2

M
M

2
m = C A .M .V =1,425.10 176 0,2 = 0,502 g 500 mg
./@#  N U# 8#@  / V/ 500 #%!
:$(  $ ' ( ;3

+
[C H COOH ] [C6 H 7O6 ] = [C6 H 5COOH ][H 3O ] [C6 H 7O6 ] :  F I%* .1.3
K= 6 5
[C6 H 5COO ] [C6 H8O6 ] [C6 H 5COO ] [H 3O + ][C6 H8O6 ]
K (C H COOH / C6 H 5COO ) K A1
=
K= A 6 5
K A2
K A (C6 H 8O6 / C6 H 7O6 )
K = 10 pK pK
= 104, 20 4,05 = 1,41
. )  N %,  -+< Y Z %,%#%;  ## XN Qr , i = K  # .2.3
A2

A1

')%
:/&=>@ A B <#
X + 01e
14
7
14
14

2
= [ m( 7 N ) + m(e ) m( 6 C )].c
14C
6

14
7

: 14  *C D# (1
: +  ++2 K%*Y : \     .1.1
N :]%I%.  +   #  . XN %Y # 1()

= [14,0076 + 0,00055 14,0111].u.c 2

= 0,00295.u.c 2 ( u.c 2 = 931,5 MeV )
= 0,00295 931,5 MeV
= 2,74 MeV

: E .   2_ .2.1

: 14 *B <#( 2

= Ln 2 =

Ln 2
= 3,39.10 7. jours 1
: % bc d  #%2 .1.2
t1 / 2 5600 365
a (t1 ) = a (0).e( .t ) : R/ + a (t1 ) = a a (0) = a0 %Y # 1() :.%( 1eB I# t1  @.2.2
a
Ln( 0 )
a
a
a
(
t
)
a
e( .t ) = 1 e( .t ) = 0 .t1 = Ln( 0 ) t1 =
a (0)
a
a

28,7
Ln(
)
21,8
t1 =
= 8,11.105 jours 2222 ans
.
3,39.10 7
.J%#   2222 2000 = 222 : . .%( \ 2If .3.2
1

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 2 :






2008
 






- :

!"#
$%&

:
:RC G; /(AH

:J * $)* RC G; /(AH $'#( 1

dq
uC + u R = U uC + R.i = U uC + R. = U
dt
:%/h   # * F * .1.1
d (CuC )
duC
uC + R.
= U uC + RC.
=U
dt
dt
= RC
:]H  F I%* i.(+ *
duC d
= [U (1 e t / )] = U .e t /
. : uC (t ) = U (1 e t / ) @ ] K!@ .2.1
dt
dt

du
: uC + RC. C I%*  1(@+
dt
du
uC + RC. C = U (1 e t / ) + .U .e t / =U Ue t / + Ue t / =U
dt

du
:%/h   # 1() C = 0 ;: R, j.  N uC #%2 * .3.1
dt
du
uC + RC. C =U uC =U = 300V
dt
Ee = 1 CU 2 = 1 .120.106.3002 = 5,4 J
:kd;#  N +Hl#  2Y Ee )(.4.1
2
2
: ;kd;#  N +Hl#  2Y < E = 1,5V #  Y Ib* kd;# @] b ];# Z .5.1
.8 mbZ /Y#  2Y ] I%d; Im #%2  Ee = 1 CE 2 = 1 .120.10 6.1,52 = 1,35.10 4 J
2
2
:$C * $)* RC G; /(AH $'#( 2
( T*+; e Ij+ ) :1%I  +%* .1.2

' =1,2 ms =1,2.10 3 s :]H  F ]%% .2.2

rC = ' r =

' 1,2.103

=
=10 : r !#  #%2 . .3.2
C 120.106

:KL#A  $M ' /+ $ N6 $*

:KL#A  $M ' /+ OP * $ *$( 1
.I(  - %F )v y vx #-!!@] %/ ] %%/h ] % # * F .1.1
{I; }:#  ## *
P -+ - :## qU V/ !*Y# ! I*
mk.1957@hotmail.com

 2 :






2008
 






- :

F = m.a G P = m.a G m g = m.a G a G

dvx
= 0 (1)
ax = 0
dt
dv y
ay = g
= g ( 2)
dt

!"#
$%&

:h> I N ]%. +d  +! K%*Y*

= g (*)
: Ox !N<@ # V/ !c*
: Oy I @ # V/ !c*
:]%%.H ] % #/ NI@ I%*  * .2.1

dvx
= 0 vx = Cte = v0 cos( ) x(t ) = v0 cos( ).t
dt
x(t ) = 40 cos(20).t = 37,59.t (1) '

( x0 = 0)

:(1) 2J ]

: .

dv y
= g v y = g .t + v0 sin( ) y (t ) = 1 g .t 2 + v0 sin( ).t ( y0 = 0)
:(2) 2J ]
dt
2
y (t ) = 1 10.t 2 + 40 sin( 20).t = 5.t 2 +13,68.t (2)'
: .
2
:(#   # NI@ I%*   .*
:+ (1) 2J ]
: (2) 2J  N I%*  U  + t = x
37,59
y ( x) = 5.( x ) 2 +13,68. x y ( x) = 3,54.103 x 2 + 0,364 x
37,59
37,59
: xB = xK = 15 m  #/ B Y!.  yB )(.3.1
y ( xB ) = 3,54.103 xB 2 + 0,364 xB = 3,54.103 152 + 0,364 15 yB = 4,66 m
. yB = 4,66 m < HK = 5 m HK = 5 m  Ie <  Ie  I;  YO
: yQ = 0 xQ = 15 m . Q Y!.  . :%,*  I(  #%2 v'0  @.4.1
g
10
x 2 + tan( ) x y ( xQ ) =
xQ 2 + tan(24) xQ
2
2
2
2v'0 cos ( )
2v'0 cos (24)
gx
g
sin( )
Q
2

x
+
tan(
)
x
=
0

+
) xQ = 0

Q
Q
2v'0 2 cos 2 ( )
2v'0 2 cos 2 ( ) cos( )
gxQ
gxQ
gxQ
2

+
sin(
)
=
0

v
'
=

v
'
=
0
0
sin( 2 )
sin(2 )
2v' 2 cos( )
y ( x) =

:. 

10 120 = 40,18 m.s 1

: .
sin(2 24)
:/+ # T0 OP * $ *$( 2
:O! HI# %/h   # .1.2
{I; }:#  ## *
R = f + R n %) R !N<} Y( I%F~ - P -+ - :## qU V/ !*Y# ! I*
v'0 =

mk.1957@hotmail.com

2 :







 



2008


:

&!"#
$%

: -

)*( F = m.a G P + f + R n = m.a G

* K%*Y !+ %. +d] I N> :h
0 f + 0 = m.a m. dv = f
* c!  V/ @# <: Ox !N
dt
f
= m. dv = f dv   I@N I%m %#%!( G j+.
.2.2. _*I)  % = Cte : G
dt
dt m
.3.2@ #%2 ( ] : vI I  #  (! ] _I K ; @(  +  ( I  :%
f
= ) v(t
. t + vI
m
f
f
2,25.102
= .t + vI = 0 vI = .t
.4 = 2 m.s 1
 . I Y!. . I ;I:
3
m
m
45.10

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