PIPELINE CONCRETE ANCHOR BLOCKSECTION CONTENTS DESCRIPTION Introduction Example — Design of Rectangular Anchor Block Example — Design of H- Shape Anchor Block PAGE1- Introduction a) For underground pipes, at locations where the pipe exits from or enters to the ground, concrete anchor blocks shall be provided in order to resist the horizontal force caused by the pipe. b) The horizontal force caused by the pipe is resisted by the following: - Friction force between the concrete block and the ground. - Passive earth pressure against the concrete block. c) Anchor blocks usually have a rectangular plan but for large forces H-shape plans may be used in order to increase the passive earth pressure. 4) No tension is allowed when computing the bearing pressure under the block. e) The factor of safety against sliding shall not be less than 1.20. f) The factor of safety against overturning shall not be less than 1.50.2- Example — Design of Rectangular Anchor Block Pipeline Data Dia. of the pipe = 16" Dia. of the anchor flange = 57.2 cm Force from the pipeline = 373400 kg CL Pipeline below ground level = 1.16 m Set the anchor flange at mid-length of the anchor block. Soil Data w= 1800 kg/m? qa=2.0 kg/cm? = 20000 kg/m? @=35° Coefficient of friction = = 0.67 * tan @ = 0.67 * tan 35° = 0.47 Concrete Data f'c=250 kg/cm? Allowable punching shear stress = 0.53 * f= = 0.53 * J250 = 8.38 kg/m” Reinforcement Data fy=4000 kg/em? (Grade A-3) Check for Punching 1 (min) = Min. required length of the anchor block to resist punching 373400 = 57.2 x * [ (min)/2] * 8.38\(min) = 496 cm Try a 8.5 * 6.0 * 4.0m anchor block. Allow 150mm projection of the anchor block above the ground level. 2 GL, 7 GL. | “|g pire "1 We &)—- ved g | : g 3 | 4 2.50 6.00 SIDE_viEw FRONT VIEW Check for S| ‘z Frictional Force Weight of the anchor block = We We =8.5 * 6 * 4 * 2400 = 489600 kg Fy = 0.47 * 489600 = 230112 say 230110 kg Active Pressure Depth of soil against the anchor block = 4, 1-Sin35 1+ Sin35. ae assess eeaoi ea P, = 1800 * 3.85 * ( }- 1878 kg/m?Passive Pressure 1+ Sin35 2 = 1800 * 3,85 * (1+5in35) _ P= 1800 * 3.85 (25) 25573 kg/m F,= 25573°3-85 «6 = 295368 say 295370 ke Sliding Check ET = 373400 + 21690 = 395090 kg. ZR= 230110 + 295370 = 525480 kg ZR>=ZT .. OK. s, = 525480 395090 ~ 1.33 > 1.20 -. OK. Check for Overturning Mo = 373400 * 2.69 + 21690 * 388 = 1032282 say 1032280 kgm Ma = 489600" S + 295370 * 38 = 2459858 say 2459860 kgm Mr >Mo -. OK. 2459860 = =2.38> 2. OK. FS. = Tpypggp 7238>150 «OK Check for Bearing Pressure M= 373400 * 2.69 + 21690 * 3:85. P= We = 489600 kg 85_ 423.85 Fn 295370 #5= 653223 say 653220 kgm = 653220/489600 = 1.33 m ° 1/6 =85/6 =1.42m>e=1.33m No Tension -.O.K. 489600 , 6* 653220 = 489600 , 6* 653220 _ g¢oq 4 R586 f gatag 7200049041 Pema = 9600 +9041 = 18641 Ke/m? < 20000 Kg/m? -.O.K. P(miny = 9600-9041 = 559 Kg/m NoTension ..O.K. Longitudinal Reinforcement The force from the anchor flange shall be resisted by a reinforced concrete core enclosed by ties. Dia. of the anchor flange = 572 mm Min. dia. of the core = 572 + 2 * 150 = 872 make 900 mm __ 373400 _ 2 Req. Ac = Fyer55p = 5974 em! 2g *6*2.54)2 nee = £190 ft sr2.s8) = 5064 cm? < 5974 cm? . Provide required reinforcement f, = 0.4* 4000 = 1600 kg/cm” 373400 = 0.85 * 5064 * ( 0.25 * 250 + 1600 * pg) p, = 0.0152As = 0.0152 * 5064 = 76.98 cm” Use 16 No. 25 (As = 78.56 cm?) = 2°90. 17.67 0m Spacing = 720 Ties : Use ® 12 bars Spacing = 16* 1.2 = 19.20 make 20cm c/e 16 No.525 90 cm, DIAL Check the clearance of main reinforcement from the anchor flange: (90 -57.2-2 x 2.5)/2 = 13.9em Check the clearance of the ties (core ) from the top of the anchor block: 131- 0.9/2 = 0.86m Temperature & Shrinkage Reinforcement Use 200 * 200 * 8 * 8 fabric mesh on all faces of the anchor block.3- Example ~ Design of H- Shape Anchor Block Pipeline Data Dia. of the pipe = 42" Dia. of the anchor flange = 206.7 cm Force from the pipeline = 870,000 Kg CL of the pipe below ground level = 1.43 m Set the anchor flange at mid-length of the anchor block. Data w= 1800 kg/m? qa=2.0 kg/cm? = 20000 kg/m? - @=35° Coefficient of friction = p = 0.67 * tan@ .67 * tan 35° = 0.47 Concrete Data f'c=250 kg/cm? Allowable punching shear stress = 0.53 * /f'e = 0.53* 250 = 8.38 kg/cm? Reinforcement Data fy=4000 kg/cm? (Grade A-3) Check for Punching 1 (min) = Min, Required length of the anchor block to resist punching. 870000 = 206.7 x* { (min)/2] * 8.38\gmin) = 320 cm Try an anchor block as shown below ( H-shape) 3.00 6.00 3.00 12.00 PUN 1 = 12.00 m> 1 (min) = 3.20m (punching is not critical) -. OK. Try a depth of 4.00 m Allow 150 mm projection of the anchor block above the ground level. oL. 3 gore] | 242 3.45, 300509 500 00 SIDE VIEW, 10.00 FRONT VIEW- Check for Sliding Fri nal Force Weight of the anchor block = We We = (12 * 10-6 * 3 * 2) * 4 * 2400 = 806400 kg, Fr= 0.47 * 806400 = 379008 say 379010 kg Active Pressure Depth of soil against the anchor block = 4.00— 0.15 =3.85m | = 1878 kg/m? 1+ Sin35, P, = 1800 * 3.85 * ( F, *(10+2*3) = 57842 say 57840 kg Passive Pressure 1878*3.85 2 Bem ta00 * 3.85 (Pes 25573 kg/m? Fp 5 ees + (10423) = 787648 say 787650 Kg Sliding Check 2 T = 870000 + 57840 = 927840 kg ZR = 379010 + 787650 = 1166660 kg ZR>IT «OK.1166660 FS.= “57840 = 1.26> 1.20. OK. Check for Overturning Mor = 870000 * 2.42 + 57840 # 2:89 = 2179628 say 2179630 kgm Mr =806400* 8 + 787650 =5849218 say 5849220 kg.m 2 385 3 Mr>Mor «. OK. = 5849220 FS. =2.68>1.50 -. OK. 2179630 Area = 12*10 - 6*3*2 = 84m? 10*123 4 3*6) _ 4 2 py 7 1332 M=870000* 2.42 + 57840 * 35 77650» 388 = 1168810 kgm * p = 806400 , 6*1168810 _ y6o9 4 3007 84 1332 Pimaxy) = 9600 + 3007 = 12607 kg/m? < 20000 kg/m? 2 OK. Pymisy = 9600-3007 = 6593 kg/m? —No Tension . OK. Longitudinal Reinforcement The force from the anchor flange shall be resisted by a reinforced concrete core enclosed by ties.Dia. of the anchor flange = 206.7 cm Min. dia. of the core = 206.7+ 2 * 15 = 236.7 make 240 em = 870000 _ 2 Reg. Ac = aeyos5 = 13920 om 2 2 oe ae i £22254) = 36300 cm?> 13920 cm* Allow min. req. As equal to 0.5% area of concrete. Req. As = 0.5 * 36300 * 0.01 = 181.5 cm? Use 38 No. © 25 As= 186.56 cm? > 181.5cm? ». OK. Spacing = a = 19.84cm = Ties : Use ® 12 bars Spacing = 16 * 1.2=19.20 make 20 cm c/e Check the clearance of main reinforcement from the anchor flange (240 — 206.7 — 2 *2.5 ) /2= 14.15 cmO.K.Check the clearance of the ties (core) from the top of the anchor block. 1.43 + 0.15 -2.4/2=0.38m OK. Wing Reinforcement Net pressure on wings = 25573 - 1878 =25695 say 25700 ke/om? 3.85 17200 [3.85/5 25700_ P(avg)= 17200 ke/m2 17200* 3? 2 M(avg) = = 77400 kg m/m fe = 0.45 f'c =0.45 * 250 = 112.5 kg/em? fs = 0.55 fy = 0.55 * 4000 = 2200° kg/cm? ao | 2200 y =0. 452m.) 315 j=1-( 0.315 /2) =0,895 _ U2.5 k= i * 0.315 * 0.895 = 15.86 kg/cm? Try © 20 bars‘emperature & Shrinkage Allow 7.5 cm cover Provided d = 300 — 7.5 — 2/2 = 291.5 cm Req. d = 15.86 = 69.86 cm <291.5cm -.O.K. 77400*100 2200*0.895*291.5 Use ® 20 at 20 cm c/c each way ( As = 15.71 cm?/m) Req. As = = 13.49 cm/m Use 200 * 200 * 8 * 8 fabric mesh on all unreinforced faces of the anchor block."PIPELINES" CONTINUOUS CONCRETE WEIGHT SSS» CONCRETE WEIGHTSECTION DESCRIPTION 1 Introduction 2 Thickness of C.C.W. CONTENTS PAGE1- Introduction For underground pipelines, at locations crossing muddy areas or areas subjected to flooding, Continuous Concrete Weight (C.C.W.) is used in order to overcome the effects of buoyancy. 2. Thiekness_of C.C.W. 27D T = Thickness of C.C.W. (mm) T (min) = 50mm D = Dia. Of Pipe (m) W = Weight of pipe and coating (kg/m) ‘yo = Density of reinforced concrete = 2400 kg/m? ym = Density of mud = 1450 kg/m?Factor of Safety =: F.S. (min) = 1.10 Area of Concrete (C.C.W.) = Ac *Q*T4+D) x*D? ea T+ Dy 2B aat(P ated) Concrete weight/unit length = x*(I?+T*D)*yc Total weight/unit length = W+ x*(1?+T*Dy*yc Volume of pipe plus C.C.W./unit length = Vg Vg= sorrsDy = (w/4)*(4*T? +D?-+4*T*D) Buoyancy Force = (n/4)*(4*T?+D?+4*T*D)ym_ Total weight = Buoyancy force We x *(T?+T* D)ye =(n/4)*(4*T? 4D? +4*T*D)*ym Re-arranging the above equation we will have : (4 re¥yo - 4* retym) *T? + ( 4* rt yo* D- 4* rym *D) * T+ (4*W- 1e*ym*D*) = 0 4*W—ntyc* D a*(ym-ye) 2 Apply a factor of safety of min. 1.10 to T.oot = + ‘|- Jalelealealsle)alale|s| sis worvisvao | |e lalalalals|ela]e|(s/e/8j2 sis'0 =} ‘lelelelelealesl|es|s|sle;/s/8]8 | swo>rrov0} 8) RA] AR] R/)R1R| S| a] ® 2/3|/&8|3/8 as = Be} ovo= | 8/8/ 8] R21 8/8) 8/8] ® g/e|s/8)8 Bs = =I e Se eS glE|_ove>s> so | 8 & alalale|al|s|s|/8|8/8)/8/& 2 OS] sevo = glelelelslalele/8/8|8)]8/2/ os s/s |8|e2/2/2 sl 2 3 2 S 3[g| wo>r-an [ef alala|sliale|8/2/8)2/8/ 8/8 g 3 o0s'o =} egleleslelielsle|/8}/8)/2/8/2)2 3 ae S/8§/ 2/8) 2)2)8 ele Els] oso > +> seco ee 1 “Fl acon. |alalalal|s|s|e]s|/s/3]2/2/ 218 SLEO>1> OSTO eglelele/sisi8/a/8)/8}/8)8/8/8 See eon | ee eee eo eon ease ee linct “ glelelelelsiale|/as}z2/s/s)/s}s 0szo =} B/S/S ;8(S S/S) 8/2)8) e181) 4 osz0 > 3 elelels{is]s/8}/3/}/2!12/8]8) 8] ° SIS/S)/S/2/2]/a]/a8/ 8 (qour) odtg lo le jo |x ls Je le Ie Ia la ls ig ie is ay JO “VIC [eUTHION, FR YR fe Rs me7 : elelsleslelslelalele2la 0001 = 4 S/S/2)2]/a {8} 8] aja] ala sletelslalelelslslele oormieuvo |S) 2) 8)8/ 8/8) a] ala] als - elelslslelelelslslislea sLs'0 =} S)/2Zl Zi ae{gj}al a] al alas etetseltslelelelalsliale seo>r>oco | 2) 2/RLRA[ S| Spal a} als] 4 3 A slelsletelelelslislsle qe] ovo-s [2/8 | R18] RR (eR 1815/8 /8 Be elelelelelslsislialels s|é| oorr>soo |B) RIAL R/S Ral al al ala an aESuleauleeh el Rea Nerlnauleshles Os} soo-> | S/R/R| RRR S| S| S| a] & = o ° es So e 2 ec es Ss eo eo e Ss s|g|_soorr-oro [RIA R|R | RL a| || | SS 3 eletelelelelealelalele Zl re glals|e alelale Gal owo-1 | 8[ 81818) 8/8) 8) 8) 8/8 |S 3 ulnee Rouleau Wen caal eeuleenlacene Ele] ore > +> se0 §/2)/8/28/8/8|s|/ a} a[a]s a | I ae BI slo =3 S1al/ ala axl apap al sayays SLEO >} > OSTO | & es gs se Se Se e 7 sc Ss. J R,8/8/8 |) 8/8/28) 8/8) 978 elelelelelelelele e oco-r |8/8)8/8/8/8/2/2] 2] 8) 2 osvo > 3 rye boda defo ded od ede de (gout) ada x lo le le lg lg fe le Ie Ia is Pe carmen ce aa le j@ |e ja 13:Reinforcement 2. Thickness of Mesh Reinforcement Notes C.C.W. (mm) (deformed) 50. Mesh 100x100 6x6 | High Strength Deformed 80_& 100 Mesh 100x100x8x8 | Bars Thickness of High Strength Deformed Reinforcement CCW. Lateral Ties Longitudinal Bars (mm) 120 & 150 @® 10 at 100 cle—1 layer | 10 at 200 c/c—1 layer 180 to 220 ® 12 at 100 cle —[ layer | 12 at 200 c/e—1 layer 250 to 300 ® 10 at 100 cle—2 layer | 10 at 200 c/e—2 layer 320 to 450 ® 12 at 100 che—2layer | 12 at 200 c/ce—2 layer