APMO 1991

1 Let G be the centroid of a triangle ABC, and M be the midpoint of BC. Let X be on AB
and Y on AC such that the points X, Y , and G are collinear and XY and BC are parallel.
Suppose that XC and GB intersect at Q and Y B and GC intersect at P . Show that triangle
M P Q is similar to triangle ABC.
2 Suppose there are 997 points given in a plane. If every two points are joined by a line segment
with its midpoint coloured in red, show that there are at least 1991 red points in the plane.
Can you find a special case with exactly 1991 red points?
3 Let a1 , a2 , , an , b1 , b2 , , bn be positive real numbers such that a1 + a2 + + an =
b1 + b2 + + bn . Show that
a22
a2n
a1 + a2 + + an
a21
+
+ +

a1 + b1 a2 + b2
an + bn
2
4 During a break, n children at school sit in a circle around their teacher to play a game. The
teacher walks clockwise close to the children and hands out candies to some of them according
to the following rule:
He selects one child and gives him a candy, then he skips the next child and gives a candy to
the next one, then he skips 2 and gives a candy to the next one, then he skips 3, and so on.
Determine the values of n for which eventually, perhaps after many rounds, all children will
have at least one candy each.
5 Given are two tangent circles and a point P on their common tangent perpendicular to the
lines joining their centres. Construct with ruler and compass all the circles that are tangent
to these two circles and pass through the point P .

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http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/

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