CONTENTS

FOREWORD
PREFACE

v
xi

CHAPTER ONE
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15

Introduction
Electric Charges
Conductors and Insulators
Charging by Induction
Basic Properties of Electric Charge
Coulombs Law
Forces between Multiple Charges
Electric Field
Electric Field Lines
Electric Flux
Electric Dipole
Dipole in a Uniform External Field
Continuous Charge Distribution
Gausss Law
Application of Gausss Law

1
1
5
6
8
10
15
18
23
25
27
31
32
33
37

CHAPTER TWO
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13

Introduction
Electrostatic Potential
Potential due to a Point Charge
Potential due to an Electric Dipole
Potential due to a System of Charges
Equipotential Surfaces
Potential Energy of a System of Charges
Potential Energy in an External Field
Electrostatics of Conductors
Dielectrics and Polarisation
Capacitors and Capacitance
The Parallel Plate Capacitor
Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance

51
53
54
55
57
60
61
64
67
71
73
74
75

2.14 Combination of Capacitors

2.15 Energy Stored in a Capacitor
2.16 Van de Graaff Generator

78
80
83

CHAPTER THREE
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16

Introduction
Electric Current
Electric Currents in Conductors
Ohms law
Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity
Limitations of Ohms Law
Resistivity of various Materials
Temperature Dependence of Resistivity
Electrical Energy, Power
Combination of Resistors Series and Parallel
Cells, emf, Internal Resistance
Cells in Series and in Parallel
Kirchhoffs Laws
Wheatstone Bridge
Meter Bridge
Potentiometer

93
93
94
95
97
101
101
103
105
107
110
113
115
118
120
122

CHAPTER FOUR
MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11

Introduction
Magnetic Force
Motion in a Magnetic Field
Motion in Combined Electric and Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Field due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart Law
Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop
Amperes Circuital Law
The Solenoid and the Toroid
Force between Two Parallel Currents, the Ampere
Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole
The Moving Coil Galvanometer

132
133
137
140
143
145
147
150
154
157
163

CHAPTER FIVE
MAGNETISM AND MATTER
5.1
5.2
xiv

Introduction
The Bar Magnet

173
174

5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7

Magnetism and Gausss Law

The Earths Magnetism
Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
Magnetic Properties of Materials
Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets

181
185
189
191
195

CHAPTER SIX
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10

Introduction
The Experiments of Faraday and Henry
Magnetic Flux
Faradays Law of Induction
Lenzs Law and Conservation of Energy
Motional Electromotive Force
Energy Consideration: A Quantitative Study
Eddy Currents
Inductance
AC Generator

CHAPTER SEVEN
ALTERNATING CURRENT
7.1
Introduction
7.2
AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor
7.3
Representation of AC Current and Voltage by
Rotating Vectors Phasors
7.4
AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
7.5
AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor
7.6
AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit
7.7
Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor
7.8
LC Oscillations
7.9
Transformers

204
205
206
207
210
212
215
218
219
224

233
234
237
237
241
244
252
255
259

CHAPTER EIGHT
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4

Introduction
Displacement Current
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum

ANSWERS

269
270
274
280
288

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