/ / /19 34/8/139327

)(Acanthopagrus latus
*2

- 1
alivaboonian@yahoo.com :
- 2
amovahedinia@yahoo.com :
92/8/20 :

93/4/15 :

1393 .

.
.

. 9 6 3 1 12
2 . 7 14
. .
) (T3 T3/T4
) (T4 .

' -5 T3 T4.

: .

) .(Sharma, 2003



) Turkmen et al., 2009; Demiark
.(et al., 2006

.1


.

27

 / )(Acanthopagrus latus

.

) (Evans, 2009

.


.

) .(Kumar et al., 2007


).(Zadorozhnaja et al., 2000; Hatzer et al., 2006


) .(Howdeshell, 2000



) Ishihara et
.(al., 2003 -
) (Snyder et al., 2004
) (Deane and Woo, 2001
.



) .(Boas et al., 2006; Ishihara et al., 2003
) (Iodothyronine deiodinases

T3
) Boas et al., 2006; Zoeller

.2

.1-2
1390
)( .
72
100-120 ) (
.

)( 1
6 ) 12 ( 200
) -47 ppt
8/4-8/6 pH 45 24-25C )-6/9 mg/l
(6/8 12 /
.
20
2
) .(Evans, 2009; Chapman, 1998

.(et al., 2007

) .(Zoeller et al., 2007

.

) Di
.(Giulio and Hinton, 2008

.

30
.

.
5
) (LC50=34 /970mg/l 9 6 3 1 12
2 .
.
28

 / / /19 34/8/139327

.2-2

.3

7 ) (14
.
10
0/2 ) (Merck, Germany .

.
) 0/01( .

.
.

.

) 4000 10(
.
1/5
-80C
) .(Waring et al., 1996

(Radioimmunoassay Kit) T3, T4 RIA
Immunotech .

) (T3/T4 T4 T3
) 7 14
(
2 1 3
. ) T3 (1
7 14

T3 )
1 (14 ).(P<0/05

.3-2

.
SPSS 16
.
Duncan
).(P<0/05


Y=ax+b
.

) :1( T3
7 ) .( T3

14 .
).(P<0/05

29

 / )(Acanthopagrus latus

T3
1 .

T3

T3
.

) :2( T4
Cd 7 ) .( T4
14
.Cd
).(P<0/05

2 T4

.

T4
T4
.
3
T3/T4
7 14

:1 T3 .( 7
( 14

2
T4
. 1 3

T4 ).(P<0/05
30

 / / /19 34/8/139327

).(P<0/05

) :3( T3/T4
7 ) .(
T3/T4
14 .
).(P<0/05

3

T3/T4 .

:2 T4 ( 7
( 14

:3 T3/T4 ( 7
( 14
31

 / )(Acanthopagrus latus
Anguilla

.4

anguilla .

T4 T3

) .(1392
Carletta ) (2002 ) Thangavel (2005


T4 T3 ' 5
T3
T4 T3 .
Thangavel ) (2005 T3


.

T3

.



.



.

).(Janz, 2000

) .(Plisetskaya, 1983; Shameena et al., 2000


) .(Brown et al., 2004; Scott and Sloman, 2004

.
Hontella .
) (1996
30

.
T4
T3 .
T3
) .(1
T4
) .(2 T3

T4 T3
T4
T3 ) Eales and Brown,

.(2005



) (T3
T3 ) ;Zhang et al., 2006
.(Veldhoen et al., 2006
Pratima ) (1997
T3 T4
) (Clarias batrachus
Teles ) (2007

.5


)(


.
32

2734/8/1393 /19 / /
T.W., Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 397-412 pp.

Evans, G.O., 2009. Animal Hematotoxicology. CRC

Press. 204 P.

. . . .

Hontela, A.; Daniel, C.; Ricard, A.C., 1996. Effects of

.1392 .

acute and subacute exposurs to cadmium on the

interrenal and thyroid function in the rainbow trout,

(Acanthopagrus latus)

Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquatic Toxicology, 35: 171-

.32-23 16

182.

Boas, M.; Feldt-Rasmussen, U.; Skakkebaek, N.E.; Main,

Howdeshell, K. L., 2002. A model of the development of

K.M., 2006. Environmental Chemicals and thyroid

the brain as a construct of the thyroid system.

function. European Journal of Endocrinology, 154:

Environmental Health Perspectives, 110: 337348.

599-611.

Ishihara, A.; Sawatsubashi, S.; Yamauchi, K., 2003.

Brown, S.B.; Adams, B.A.; Cyr, D.G. and Eales, J.G.,

Endocrine disrupting chemicals: interference of thyroid

2004. Contaminant effects on the teleost fish thyroid.

hormone binding to transthyretins and to thyroid

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23: 1680-

hormone

1701.

receptors.

Molecular

and

Cellular

Endocrinology, 199: 105117.

Carletta, M.A.; Weis, P.; Weis, J.S., 2002. Development

Ishitobi, H.; Mori, K.; Yoshida, K.; Watanabe, C., 2007.

of thyroid abnormalities in mummichogs, Fundulus

Effects of perinatal exposure to low dose cadmium on

heteroclitus,

thyroid hormone related and sex hormone receptor gene

Environmental Research, 54: 601-4.

expressions in brain of offspring. Neuro Toxicology,

from

polluted

site.

Marine

Chapman, P.M.; Dexter, R.N.; Long, E.R., 1998. Synoptic

28: 790-797.

measures of sediments contamination, toxicity and

Janz, D.M., 2000. Endocrine system. In: Ostrander, G.K.

infaunal community composition (the Sediment Quality

(Ed.), The Laboratory Fish. Academic Press, SanDiego.

Triad) in San Francisco Bay. Marine Ecology Progress

Kumar, P.; Prasad, Y.; Patra, A.K.; Swarup, D., 2007.

Series, 37: 75-93.

Levels of Cadmium and Lead in Tissues of Freshwater

Deane, E.E.; Li, J.; Woo, N.Y.S., 2001. Hormonal status

Fish (Clarias batrachus L.) and Chicken in Western

and phagocytic activity in sea bream infected with

UP (India). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination

vibriosis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.

and Toxicology, 79: 396-400.

B, 129: 687693.

Plisetskaya, E.; Woo, N.Y.S.; Murat, J.C., 1983.Thyroid

Demirak, A.; Yilmaz, F.; Levent Tuna, A.; Ozdemi, N.,

hormones in cyclostomes and fish and their role in

2006. Heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of

regulation of intermediary metabolism. Comparative

(Leuciscus cephalus) from a stream in southwestern

Biochemistry and Physiology . Part A: Physiol, 74:

Turkey. Chemosphere, 63(9): 1451-1458.

179187.

Di Giulio, R.T.; Hinton, D.E., 2008. the toxicology of

Pratima, G.; Chaurasia, S.S.; Anand, K.; Maiti, P.K.;

fishes. Taylor and Francis Group. 1101P.

Gupta, P.; Kar, A., 1997. Influence of cadmium on

Eales, J.G.; Brown, S.B., 2005. Thyroid hormones. In

thyroid hormone concentrations and lipid peroxidation

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes. Vol. 6.

in a fresh water fish, Clarias batrachus. Fresenius

Environmental Toxicology, Mommsen, T.P. and Moon,

33

(Acanthopagrus latus) /
Thangavel,

P.;

Sumathiral,

K.;

Karthikeyan,

S.;

Environmental Bulletin, 6: 355358.

Ramaswamy, M., 2005. Endocrine response of the

Sa, R.; Pousao-Ferreira, P.; Oliva-Teles, A., 2006. Effect

freshwater teleost, Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters)

of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth nickel on

to dimecron exposure. Chemosphere, Vol. 61, 1083-92

glycogen reserves and protein levels in and feed

pp.

utilization of white sea bream (Diplodus sargus)

Turkmen, M.; Turkmen, A.; Tepe, Y.; Ates, A., 2009.

juveniles. Aquaculture Nutrition, 12: 310-321.

Determination of metalsin fish species from Aegean

Scott, G.R.; Sloman, K.A., 2004. The effects of

and Mediterranean Seas. Food Chemistry, Vol. 113,

environmental pollutants on complex fish behaviour:

No. 2, pp. 233237.

integrating behavioural and physiological indicators of

Veldhoen, N.; Boggs, A.; Walzak, K.; Helbing, C.C.,

toxicity. Aquatic Toxicology, 68: 369392.

2006. Exposure to Tetrabromo bisphenol-A alters TH-

Shameena, B.; Varghese, S.; Leena, S.; Oommen, O.V.,

associated gene expression and tadpole metamorphosis

2000. 3, 5, 30-triiodothyronine (T-3) and 30, 50-

in the Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla. Aquatic

diiodothyrone (T-2) have short-term effects on lipid

Toxicology, Vol. 78, 292-302 pp.

metabolism in a teleost Anabas testudineus (BLOCH):

Waring, C.P.; Stagg, R.M.; Fretwell, K.; Mc Lay, H.A.;

evidence from enzyme activities. Endocrine Research,

Costello, M.J., 1996. The impact of sewage sludge

26: 431444.

exposure on the reproduction of the sand goby,

Sharma, P.D., 2003. Environmental Pollution. In: Ecology

Pomatoschistus minutus. Environmental Pollution, Vol.

and Environment (7th Edition) Rastogi. Publication.

93, 17-25 pp.

Meerut, India, 415-489.

Zadorozhnaja, T.D.; Little, R.E.; Miller, R.K.; Mendel,

Snyder, E.M.; Snyder, S.A.; Kelly, K.L.; Gross, T.S.;

N.A.; Taylor, R.J.; Presley, B.J., 2000. Concentrations

Villeneuve, D.L.; Fitzgerald, S.D.; Villalobos, S.A.;

of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, andzincin

Giesy, J.P., 2004. Reproductive responses of common

human placentas from two cities in Ukraine. Journal of

carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed in cages to influent of

Toxicology and Environmental Health, Vol. 61, 255-63

the Las Vegas Wash in Lake Mead, Nevada, from late

pp.

winter to early spring. Environmental Science &

Zhang, F.; Degitz, S.J.; Holcombe, G.W.; Kosian, P.A.;

Technology, 38: 6385-6395.

Tietge, J.; Veldhoen, N.; Helbing, C.C., 2006.

Teles, M.; Pacheco, M.; Santos, M.A., 2007. Endocrine

Evaluation of gene expression endpoints in the context

and metabolic responses of Anguilla anguilla L. caged

a Xenopus laevis metamorphosis based bioassay to

in a freshwater-wetland (Pateira de Fermentelos-

detect thyroid hormone disruptors. Aquatic Toxicology,

Portugal). Science of the Total Environment, 372: 562-

76: 24-36.

570.

(Acanthopagrus latus) /
2734/8/1393 /19 / /

34