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Page 1
References
TS 25.104 UTRA (BS) FDD Radio Transmission and
Reception
TS 25.201 Physical layer-general description
TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of
transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)
TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)
TS 25.308 UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
(HSDPA); Overall description; Stage 2
TR 25.877 High Speed Downlink Packet Acces (HSDPA) Iub/Iur Protocol Aspects
TR 25.858 Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed
Downlink Packet Access
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Iu
RNS
RNS
Iur
RNC
Iub
NodeB
Iub
Iub
NodeB
NodeB
RNC
Page 5
Iub
NodeB
Nt
DC
Duplication avoidance
Nt
GC
DC
C-plane signaling
U-plane information
control
L3
Radio
Bearers
control
control
control
control
RRC
UuS boundary
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
L2/PDCP
RLC
BMC
L2/BMC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical
Channels
MAC
L2/MAC
PHY
Transport
Channels
L1
Page 6
Nt
DC
Duplication avoidance
Nt
GC
DC
C-plane signaling
U-plane information
control
L3
Radio
Bearers
control
control
control
control
RRC
UuS boundary
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
L2/PDCP
RLC
BMC
L2/BMC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical
Channels
MAC
L2/MAC
PHY
Transport
Channels
L1
Page 7
Nt
DC
Duplication avoidance
Nt
GC
DC
C-plane signaling
U-plane information
control
L3
Radio
Bearers
control
control
control
control
RRC
UuS boundary
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
L2/PDCP
RLC
BMC
L2/BMC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical
Channels
MAC
L2/MAC
PHY
Transport
Channels
L1
Page 8
Nt
DC
Duplication avoidance
Nt
GC
DC
C-plane signaling
U-plane information
control
L3
Radio
Bearers
control
control
control
control
RRC
UuS boundary
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
L2/PDCP
RLC
BMC
L2/BMC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical
Channels
MAC
L2/MAC
PHY
Transport
Channels
L1
Page 9
Spreading Technology
Spreading consists of 2 steps
Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into chips. Thus
increasing the bandwidth of the signal, The number of chips per data
symbol is called the Spreading FactorSF.The operation is done by
multiplying with OVSF code.
Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal .
Chips after
spreading
Data bit
OVSF
code
Scrambling
code
Page 10
Channelization Code
OVSF code is used as channelization code
The channelization codes are uniquely described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is the
spreading factor of the code and k is the code number, 0
C ch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
C ch,2,0 = (1,1)
C ch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
C ch,1,0 = (1)
C ch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
C ch,2,1 = (1,-1)
C ch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
SF = 1
SF = 2
SF = 4
All rights reserved
Page 11
SF-1.
Scrambling Code
Scrambling code: GOLD sequence.
Scrambling code period: 10ms ,or 38400 chips.
The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of
either long or short type, There are 224 long and 224 short uplink
scrambling codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher
layers.
For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 = 262,143 scrambling
codes can be generated. scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used.
Page 12
Set 1
Secondary
scrambling code 15
Set 511
Scrambling
codes for
downlink
physical
channels
Set 0
Primary
scrambling code
511
16
8192 scrambling
codes
512 sets
Secondary
scrambling code
511
16
15
Page 13
Group 1
Primary scrambling
code 15
Group 63
Primary
scrambling
codes for
downlink
physical
channels
Group 0
Primary
scrambling code
8*63
Primary
scrambling code
63*8
7
512 primary
scrambling codes
64 primary scrambling
code groups
Page 14
Page 15
Page 16
Page 17
Logical Channel
Dedicated traffic channel
(DTCH)
(CTCH)
(BCCH)
(PCCH)
(DCCH)
(CCCH)
Traffic channel
Control channel
Page 18
Transport Channel
Dedicated Channel
(DCH)
Broadcast channel
(BCH)
(FACH)
Paging channel
(PCH)
(RACH)
Dedicated transport
channel
Common transport
channel
Page 19
Physical Channel
A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code
(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreading
code) can distinguish the channels.
Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radio
frame consists of 15 time slots.
Two types of physical channel:UL and DL
Physical Channel
Page 20
(Downlink DPCH)
Downlink Common Physical Channel
(SCH)
(PICH)
(AICH)
Downlink
Physical Channel
Page 21
Uplink Physical
Channel
Page 22
Paging channels
S-CCPCH-Secondary
S-CCPCH-Secondary Common
Common Control
Control Physical
Physical Channel
Channel
PICH-Paging
PICH-Paging Indicator
Indicator Channel
Channel
PRACH-Physical
PRACH-Physical Random
Random Access
Access Channel
Channel
UE
AICH-Acquisition
AICH-Acquisition Indicator
Indicator Channel
Channel
Dedicated channels
DPDCH-Dedicated
DPDCH-Dedicated Physical
Physical Data
Data Channel
Channel
DPCCH-Dedicated
DPCCH-Dedicated Physical
Physical Control
Control Channel
Channel
Page 23
Primary
SCH
Secondary
SCH
Slot #1
ac p
ac p
ac si,0
ac si,1
Slot #14
ac p
acsi,14
256 chips
2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame
Page 24
Group 61
Group 62
Group 63
#0
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
slot number
#6 #7 #8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
5
1
3
16
8
16
15
1
6
9
7
5
8
6
10
3
5
6
11
15
14
12
5
15
8
16
16
2
5
10
3
6
5
12
16
10
11
8
1
2
5
2
4
15
7
12
16
4
12
15
14
11
6
16
7
12
15
3
11
16
10
12
7
2
9
9
9
10
11
12
13
12
10
10
15
15
11
12
13
15
9
14
15
13
9
9
13
14
16
11
15
12
14
11
14
10
11
13
16
13
16
15
12
14
14
16
11
16
10
Slot # ?
Slot #?
Slot #?
P-SCH
acp
acp
acp
S-SCH
16
11
#9
..
Group 2
Slot 7, 8, 9
256 chips
2560 chips
Page 25
Slot #0
Slot # i
Slot #1
Slot #14
1 radio frame: Tr = 10 ms
Page 26
SCH
18 bits
T
Slot #0
Slot #1
slot
Slot #i
Slot #14
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
Page 27
12 bits (undefined)
b 287 b 288
Page 28
b 299
SF =256 - 4.
Data
TFCI
N TFCI bits
Pilot
N Pilot bits
N Data bits
T slot = 2560 chips,
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i
Slot #14
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
Page 29
Preamble
Preamble
Preamble
4096 chips
Preamble
Message part
10 ms (one radio frame)
Preamble
Preamble
4096 chips
Message part
20 ms (two radio frames)
Page 30
radio frame: 10 ms
5120 chips
#1
Access slot #0
Access slot #1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
#13
#14
Access slot #7
Access slot #8
Page 31
Data
Pilot
N Pilot bits
Control
TFCI
N TFCI bits
Slot # 0
Slot # 1
Slot # i
Slot # 14
Page 32
AS #14
AS #0
AS #1
Unused part
a30 a31 a32 a33
a38 a39
AS #i
AS #14
20 ms
Page 33
AS #0
Page 34
Data
N databits
DPDCH
DPCCH
Pilot
Npilot bits
TFCI
NTFCI bits
FBI
NFBI bits
TPC
NTPC bits
Slot #0 Slot #1
Slot #i
Slot #14
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Page 35
Page 36
DPCCH
DPDCH
Data1
Ndata1 bits
TPC
NTPC bits
TFCI
NTFCI bits
DPDCH
DPCCH
Data2
Ndata2 bits
Pilot
Npilot bits
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i
Slot #14
Page 37
Data
N Data 1 bits
T slot = 2560 chips, M*10*2 k bits (k=4)
Slot #0
Slot#1
Slot #2
1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
Page 38
Data
N Data 1bits
T slot = 2560 chips, 40 bits
Slot #0
Slot#1
Slot #2
1 subframe: T f = 2 ms
Page 39
s lo t
2T
= 2 5 6 0 c h ip s
s lo t
H A R Q -A C K
= 5 1 2 0 ch ip s
CQI
O n e H S -D P C C H s u b fra m e (2 m s )
S u b fra m e # i
S u b fra m e # 0
O n e ra d io fra m e T
S u b fra m e # 4
= 10 ms
Page 40
Page 41
Transport channels
Physical channels
BCH
P-CCPCH
FACH
S-CCPCH
PCCH
PCH
S-CCPCH
CCCH
RACH
PRACH
FACH
S-CCPCH
FACH
S-CCPCH
DCH
DPDCH
HS-DSCH
HS-PDSCH
BCCH
CTCH
DCCH, DTCH
RACH, FACH
PRACH, S-CCPCH
Page 42
Page 43
Page 44
CRC of TB
Error detection is provided on transport blocks through a Cyclic
Redundancy Check (CRC)
CRC size is informed by higher layer signal
08121624(optional)
If no TB are input, no CRC bits should be attached. If TB are
input with TB SIZE=0,CRC bits shall be also added ,but all
CRC are zero
Page 45
Page 46
Channel coding
The following channel coding schemes can be applied to TrCHs:
Convolutional coding, coding rates 1/3 and 1/2 are defined
Turbo coding, The coding rate of Turbo coder is 1/3
No coding
Usage of coding
BCH, PCH and RACH1/2 Convolutional coding
DCH and FACH1/2 or 1/3 Convolutional coding ,1/3 Turbo
coding, no coding
Page 47
Rate Matching
Rate matching means that bits on a transport channel are repeated or
punctured.
The number of bits on a transport channel can vary between different
transmission time intervals(TTI). In the downlink the transmission is
interrupted if the number of bits is lower than maximum. When the
number of bits between different transmission time intervals in uplink
is changed, bits are repeated or punctured to ensure that the total bit
rate after TrCH multiplexing is identical to the total channel bit rate of
the allocated dedicated physical channels.
Page 48
Interleaving
Function: reduce the influence of fast fading.
Two kinds of interleaving: 1st interleaving and 2nd interleaving
The length of 1st interleaving is TTI of TrCH, 1st interleaving is
a inter-frame interleaving
The length of 2nd interleaving is a physical frame, 2nd
interleaving is a intra-frame interleaving.
Page 49
Page 50
Multiplexing of TrCH
Every 10 ms, one radio frame from each TrCH is delivered to the
TrCH multiplexing. These radio frames are serially multiplexed into
a coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH)
The format of CCTrCH is indicated by TFCI
TrCH can have different TTI before multiplexing
2 types of CCTrCH:Common and dedicated
Common CCTrCH should be multiplexed by common TrCH;
Dedicated CCTrCH should be multiplexed by dedicated TrCH
There is only one CCTrCH in uplink and one or several CCTrCH in
downlink for one user
Page 51
Page 52
Page 53
data
dataCRC dataCRC
CRCdata
CBL
CBL
d CRC
a t a
data
TrCH-i+1
102040 or 80ms
data
data
TrCH-i
0816 or 24bits
dataCRC
CRC
CBL
data
Size Z
CedBL Rate
CedBL
Coded
matched
data
data CedBL
Channel Coding
or
DTX
or
Data
Databefore
after 11stst interleaved
interleaving
Number of Rado frame
Radio frame
Radio frame
124 or 8
Radio frame
TrCH-1
TrCH-1TrCH-2
TrCH-2
DTX
CCTrCHTrCH-ITrCH-I
Ph-1
data1 TPC TFCI data2
Spreading
Scrambling
pilot
Ph-P
Ph-2
data1 TPC TFCI data2
10ms
pilot
Spreading
Scrambling
10ms
Page 54
pilot
Coding
TTI
20 ms
Parameters for
3.4kb/s control channel
Transport block size
148 bits
148 bits
CRC
Coding
16 bits
CC, coding rate = 1/3
TTI
40 ms
Page 55
TrC h # 2
81
TrC h # 3
103
60
CRC
Tail b it attac h m en t
81
12
103
Ta il
C o n v o lu tio n a l
c o d in g R = 1 /3 , 1 /2
93
Ta il
103
R a te m atch in g
303
333
1 st in terle av in g
3 0 3 + N RM 1
3 3 3 + N RM 2
R a d io fram e
se g m en tatio n
3 0 3 + N RM 1
#1a
#1b
N R F1
N R F1
60
Ta il
60
136
1 3 6 + N RM 3
3 3 3 + N RM 2
#2a
N RF2
1 3 6 + N RM3
#2b
N RF2
#3a
#3b
N R F3
N RF3
N R F 1 = (3 0 3 + N R M 1 )/2
N R F 2 = (3 3 3 + N R M 2 )/2
N R F 3 = (1 3 6 + N R M 3 )/2
To T rC h M u ltip le x in g
Page 56
C R C a tta c h m e n t
C R C
148
T rB k c o n c a tin a tio n
1 6 b its
B T rB k s ( B = 0 ,1 )
164*B
T a il b it a tta c h m e n t
T a il
164*B
C o n v o lu tio n a l
c o d in g R = 1 /3
8*B
516*B
R a te m a tc h in g
In s e rtio n o f
in d ic a tio n *
st
D T X
(5 1 6 + N
in te rle a v in g
R a d io fra m e
s e g m e n ta tio n
#1
[ (1 2 9 + N
R M
)* B + N
R M
)* B
(5 1 6 + N
R M
)* B + N
D I
(5 1 6 + N
R M
)* B + N
D I
#2
D I]
[ (1 2 9 + N
R M
)* B + N
#3
D I]
[ (1 2 9 + N
R M
#4
)* B + N
D I]
[ (1 2 9 + N
R M
)* B + N
D I]
T o T r C h M u ltip le x in g
* I n s e rtio n o f D T X in d ic a tio n is u s e d o n ly if th e p o s itio n o f th e T r C H s in th e ra d io fr a m e is f ix e d .
Page 57
#2a
#1b
12.2kbpsdata
#2b
#1c
#2c
#1a
#2a
#1b
3.4kbpsdata
#2b
#1c
#2c
#1
#2
#3
#4
TrCH
multiplexing
#1a
#1b
#1c
#1
#2a
#2b
#2c
#2
#1a
#1b
#1c
#3
#2a
#2b
#2c
#4
2nd interleaving
Physical channel
mapping
30kspsDPCH
510
1 2
slot
510
15 1 2
CFN=4N
slot
510
15 1 2
CFN=4N+1
slot
510
15 1 2
CFN=4N+2
slot
15
CFN=4N+3
Pilot symbol
Page 58
TPC
Page 59
D P D C H
d ,1
d ,3
c
D P D C H
d ,5
lo n g ,n
or S
s h o rt,n
I+ jQ
D P D C H
D P D C H
D P D C H
d ,2
d ,4
d ,6
Up to 6 DPDCH
for one user
j
c
D P C C H
Page 60
cd
PRACH message
data part
PRACH message
control part
cc
Sr-msg,n
I+jQ
Page 61
Downlink Spreading
Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-to-parallel
converted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by a
complex-valued scrambling code.
The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frame
boundary of P-CCPCH.
Each channel have different gain factor
I
Data of
physical
channel
except
SCH
S dl,n
S
I+jQ
C ch,SF,m
Page 62
Downlink Spreading
Different physical
hannel come from point S
G1
G2
P-SCH
GP
S-SCH
GS
Page 63
Page 64
Uplink Modulation
The chip rate is 3.84Mbps
In the uplink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by the
spreading process is QPSK modulated
cos( t)
Complexvalued
sequence
after
spreading
Split
real &
imag
parts
Re{S}
Pulse
shaping
Im{S}
Pulse
shaping
-sin( t)
Page 65
Downlink Modulation
The chip rate is 3.84Mbps
In the downlink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by the
spreading process is QPSK modulated
cos( t)
Complexvalued
sequence
after
spreading
Split
real &
imag
parts
Re{S}
Pulse
shaping
Im{S}
Pulse
shaping
-sin( t)
Page 66
Page 67
Slot synchronization
Scrambling-code
identification
Page 68
S-CCPCH,k
k:th S - CCPCH
PICH
PICH for k:th S
AICH access
slo ts
#0
#1
#2
#3
DPCH,n
#4
-CCPCH
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
n:th DPCH
10 ms
Page 69
#11
#12
#13
#14
START
No AI
Send a preamble
Get negative AI
Y
Counter> 0 & Preamble powermaximum allowed power<6 dB
N
Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
END
Page 70
Page 71
Page 72
Page 73
TSTD
STTD
Mode 1
Mode 2
applied
applied
S-CCPCH
applied
DPCH
applied
applied
applied
PICH
applied
HS-PDSCH
applied
applied
HS-SCCH
applied
AICH
applied
P-CCPCH
SCH
Page 74
Transmit Diversity-STTD
Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity(STTD
4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding
b0 b1 b2 b3
Antenna 1
b0 b1 b2 b3
Channel bits
-b 2 b 3 b 0 -b 1 Antenna 2
Page 75
Transmit Diversity-TSTD
Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH channel.
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #14
Slot #2
ac p
(Tx OFF)
acp
ac p
i,0
(Tx OFF)
acsi,2
aci,14
s
Antenna 1
ac s
(Tx OFF)
acp
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
Antenna 2
(Tx OFF)
i,1
acs
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
Page 76
Page 77
Page 78
Thank You
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