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gynt Zvnwg`yj Bmjvg

tuhintahmid@yahoo.com
wmgU wbgvb mvgMxi GKwU AbZg Dcv`vb| Ze G wmgU KLb wKfve AvweZ nqwQj Zv Rvbv bv MjI cvPxb
Kvj nZB h GwU eeZ nq AvmQ G evcvi Kvb m`n bB| cvPxb wgkixqiv Awe wRcmvg cywoq (calcination)
GK cKvi c`v_ eenvi KiZv | cvPxbKvj Zix wgkix`i weLvZ wcivwgW jv cixv Ki `Lv hvq h ZvZ cvq 80%
Kvjwmqvg mvjdU Ges cvq 10% KvebU AvQ| Mxm I ivgvbiv Pybvcv_i cywoq Ges cieZxZ Pzb,cvwb, evjy Ges fvv
cv_i BZvw`i wgkb eenvi KiZv| cieZxZ Zviv AvMqwMwii AMycvZ m GKcKvi QvB (Volcanic ash & tuff) Pzbi
mv_ eenvi KiZv| GB QvB G mwq wmwjKv Ges Gvjywgbv _vKZv hv Pzbi msk Gm kwkvjx GK cKvi wmgU RvZxq
c`v_ cwiYZ nZv| BZvwji Pozzuoli Mvg GB cKvi QvB cvIqv hZv ej cieZxZ Dnv cvRjb wmgU bvg cwiPq
jvf Ki| eZgvb cvjbv bvg G wmgU Kwg fve Zix Kiv nq| cvPxbKvj G Dcgnv`k Pzb myiKxi cPjb wQjv|
Rb wmgUb(John Smeaton) 1756 mvj BwWvb jvBU nvDm (Eddystone Light House) cybt wbgvbi mgq
`Lb h,cvRjbv Ges Pzbvcv_i GKmsM wgwkq Ges ekx AbycvZ Kuv`vgvwUi bvq c`v_ eenvi Ki DbZgvbi ivmvqwbK
ag m^wjZ nBWvwjK wmgU cvIqv hvq| cieZxZ 1796 mvj AvRwjqvm Pzbv cv_i wc cywoq nvBWvwjK wmgU cvIqv
hvq| 1800 mvj chZ Dnv ivgvb wmgU bvg LvZ wQjv|
1824 mvji 21k Avei Rvkd GvmcwWb (Joseph Aspdin) Bsjvi
cvUjv bvgK xc cwi`kbi mgq GK cKvi c`v_i mvb cvb| wZwb k
Pybvcv_i Ges wgwn Kuv`vgvwU wgwkq dvibm cywoq Kveb-WvB- AvBW Mvm
ei Ki `b Ges ci Zv P~b Ki GKcKvi kwkvjx c`v_ Zix Kib|
eZgvb cvUjv xci bvgvbymvi GB wmgU cvUjv wmgU bvg LvwZ jvf
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wmgU g~jZ KZKjv ARe ivmvqwbK c`v_i mswgkb Ges Gi ga mvavibZt 65% Pzb (Kvjwmqvg AvBW),
19% wmwjKv (evjy), 4-5% Avvjywgbv, 3-4% Avqib AvBW Ges mvgvb cwigvb gvMbwkqvg AvBW, mvjdvi UvB AvBW
BZvw` _vK| wmgUi kwI wbfi Ki Pzb I wmwjKvi mshvRb MwVZ hMi Dci| Avevi AbKB ej _vKb wmgUi
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AvBWi cwigvb ekx nj mvavibZt wmgUi is Kvjv nq| Gic ebi ZviZg Lye ekx GKUv bMZgvb cfve co bv|
wmgU Drcv`b cwqv Kvji weeZbI AbK cwieZb
GmQ, c~e gvb mb wmgU Drcv`b Av`Zv cwZ
eenvi Kiv njI eZgvb cwZ eenvi Kiv nq|
eZgvb chyw GZvUvB DbZ nqQ h, cwZZ gvb
mb wmgU Drcv`b QvovI Rvjvbx LiP Kwgq Avbv me
nqQ|wmgU Drcv`b eeZ LwbR Dcv`vb Pzbvcv_i
c_g vkvii mvnvh Pzb Ki Kuv`vgvwU Ges cqvRb
Abyhvqx wmwjKv, evBU BZvw` wgwkZ Ki N~bvqgvb PzjxZ
1450 mwUMW Zvcgvvq D Kivi ga w`q wKsKvi
Zix Kiv nq| G wKsKviB g~jZ wmgU, GK P~b KijB
wmgU cvIqv hvq| wmgU wKsKvii mv_ mvavibZ
wmgUi RgvUKvj wbqbi Rb mvgvb cwigvb wRcmvg
eeZ nq _vK (5% mevP)| wKsKvi Ges wRcmvgi
mg^q Drcvw`Z G wmgU AwWbvix cvUjv wmgU ev
CEM I bvg AwfwnZ Kiv nq _vK|

wmgU Drcv`bi cevnwP

wmgU Drcv`b cPzi Pzbvcv_i eenZ nq Ges GK cvovbvi dj Kveb-WvB-AvvBW Mvm wbtmib nq, Zv QvovI
Kqjv Ges dzqj mvcgvbUvix wnmve AbK eR c`v_ Rvjvbx wnmve eeZ nq _vK| dj Kveb-WvB-AvvBW Mvm
QvovI wmgU Drcv`b bvBUvRb AvBW, mvjdvi WvB AvBW MvmI evZvm wbtmwiZ nQ, GZ cwieki `~lb nQ|
wnme Ki `Lv wMqQ h, 1 Ub wmgU Drcv`b cvq 0.80 Ub Kveb WvB AvBW Mvm wbtmib nQ| G `~lbiva K Ges
cw_exZ Pzbvcv_ii gRy` fwelZ wbtkl nq hvIqvi AvksKvq eZgvb wmgU Drcv`b wewfb AcRvZ c`v_i (By
product) eenvi Kiv nQ| G AcRvZ c`v_ jv eenvi wmgUi bvb ew QvovI cwiek KZK weic cfve _K
wmgU vKPviK myiv Ki| G aibi wmgU jv Mxb wmgU bvg AwfwnZ Kiv nq| eZgvb wek G aibi wmgUi
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wmwjKv wdDg DjLhvM| G mgZ AcRvZ wewfb AbycvZ wmgUi mv_ wgwkq wewfb iKgi wmgU Drcv`b Kiv nq
_vK| BDivwcqvb ev esjv`k vvW Abyhvqx G mgZ wmgU jv njv cvUjv KvwRU wmgU (CEM II), ev
dvibm wmgU (CEM III), cvRjwbK wmgU (CEM IV). KvwRU wmgU (CEM V)| Avevi cZK wmgU UvBcK
kwi wePvi wZb fvM fvM Kiv nqQ| hgb 32.5, 42.5 Ges 52.5| G`i A_ njv 28 w`bi kw AekB Kgc
h_vg 32.5 MPa , 42.5 MPa Ges 52.5 MPa nZ ne| ZvB wmgU eenvii c~e AekB evMi Dci kwi
evcviwU weePbvq AvbZ ne| mvavibZt 32.5 MWi wmgU evoxi QvU QvU bvjv b`gv ev Wb, cvvwis KvR BZvw`
nvjKv KvR eeZ nq Ges G wmgU w`q Kvb eo vKPvi ev XvjvBqi KvR Kiv hve bv| 42.5 MWi wmgU w`q
mvavibZt h Kvb evmvevoxi ev AvwjKvi dvDkb ev Kjvg, exg, Qv` XvjvBqi KvRmn mKj cKvi KvR Kiv hve| 52,5
MWi wmgU w`q eo eo exR ev mZz wbgvb ev hLvb DP kwi vKPvii cqvRb mLvb G wmgU eeZ nq|
eZgvb evsjv`ki AbK wmgU dvix wmgU Drcv`b dvB Gvm, ev dvibm vM, jvBgvb BZvw` eenvi
KiQ| DjwLZ AcRvZ c`v_i eenvi AbK ivRwgx Ges eenviKvix`i gvS weic cwZwqv cwijwZ nq Ges GB
cKvi wmgU eenvi AbKI Abxnv cKvk Kib| wK DjwLZ AcRvZ c`v_ cw_exi cvq mKj `kB eenvi nQ Ges
AvZRvwZK fve GjvK ^xKwZ c`vb Kiv nqQ| Melbvq `Lv wMqQ h G mgZ c`v_ jv wmgUi mv_ eenvi
vKPvi `xNvwqZ nq Ges wmgUi KvhgZv (Workability) ewi dj KbxU, cvvi BZvw`I KvR gmb, my`i Ges
mnRZi nq| ZvQvov D wmgU cvwbi cwigvb Kg jvMvq wbgvb KvVvgv Aviv `p I DbZ gvbi nq| ay ZvB bq, gvwU ev
cvwbZ DcwZ jeb viv vKPvi AvvZ nIqvq mvebv ejvsk nvm cvq|

evsjv`ki GKwU wmgU dvix

KbxUi mevP eenviB `ki Dbqbi gvcKvVx wnmve Mb Kiv

nq _vK| eZgvb evsjv`k wmgUi gv_vwcQz eenvi 107 KwR
Abw`K fviZ 210KwR, cvwKZvb 265KwR, kxjsKvq 310
KwR| wK `k chv Pybvcv_i bv _vKvq ^qs mc~b wmgU wgj
Mo DVwb| eZgvb Pvjy Aevq 46 wU wmgU dvixi ga gv
`yUv ^qsm~b wmgU dvix AvQ, hvi Pzbvcv_i Avg`vbx nq
cvkeZx `k _K| RqcyinvU Pzbvcv_ii mvb cvIqv MjI Zv
Dvjb Kiv me nqwb| eZgvb bIMuvq AvweZ Pzbvcv_ii cvK
mveZv hvPvB Kiv nQ| nqZ A`yi fwelZ cybv wmgU dvix
ne | `ki ekxi fvM wmgU dvixjv Avg`vbx wbfi
wKsKvii Dci wfw Ki Mo DVQ| G QvovI wKsKvii mv_
eeZ dvB Gvm, ev dvibm vM, wRcmvg BZvw`I Avg`vbx Kiv
nQ|

evsjv`k eocyKzwiqvq GKwU Kqjv wfwK _vigvj cvIqvi cvU _vKj bvbv RwUjZvi Kvib wmgU dvix jv H dvB Gvm
eenvi KiZ cviQ bv| `k eZgvb Kqjv wfwK _vigvj cvIqvi cvU nIqvi cwZ gvb mb dvB Gvm cvIqv hve
ej Avkv Kiv hvq| dvB Gvmi weK wnmve AbKB avbi Zzli QvB eenvi KiQb, hv eenvi hvM| Ze gvbi evcvi
AekB Zv mPZbZvi mv_ eenvi Kiv DwPZ|