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Introduction
1.2
1.1
General
1.2.1
Scope This standard presents a system of
graphicsymbolsforfluidpowerdiagrams.
1.2.1.1
ScopeandPurpose
Elementaryformsofsymbolsare:
Circles Rectangles
Arcs
Dots
Squares Triangles
Arrows Crosses
Symbolsusingwordsortheirabbreviationsareavoided.
Symbols capable of crossing language barriers are
presentedherein.
Component function rather than construction is
emphasizedbythesymbol.
1.2.1.4 Themeansofoperatingfluidpowercomponents
areshownaspartofthesymbol(whereapplicable).
1.2.1.5 Thisstandardshowsthebasicsymbols,describes
the principles on which the symbols are based, and
illustrates some representative composite symbols.
Composite symbols can be devised for any fluid power
componentbycombiningbasicsymbols.
Simplified symbols are shown for commonly used
components.
1.2.1.6 This standard provides basic symbols, which
differentiatebetweenhydraulicandpneumaticfluidpower
media.
1.2.2
Purpose
FluidPowerSymbols
design, fabrication, analysis, and service of fluid power
circuits.
1.2.2.3 Thepurposeofthisstandardistoprovidefluid
power graphic symbols, which are internationally
recognized.
1.2.2.4 The purpose of this standard is to promote
universalunderstandingoffluidpowersystems.
Page2of24
FluidPowerSymbols
2.
Symbol Rules
2.1
Symbols show connections, flow paths, and
functionsofcomponentsrepresented. Theycanindicate
conditionsoccurringduringtransitionfromonflowpath
arrangement to another. Symbols do not indicate
construction,nordotheyindicatevalues,suchaspressure,
flowrate,andothercomponentsettings.
2.5.1
CircleandSemiCircle
2.5.1.1
Largeandsmallcirclesmaybeusedtosignify
thatonecomponentisthemainandtheother
theauxiliary.
2.5.2
Triangle
2.5.3
Arrow
2.5.4
Square
2.2
Symbols do not indicate locations of ports,
directionofshiftingspools,orpositions ofactuatorson
actualcomponents.
2.3
Symbols may be rotated or reversed without
alteringtheirmeaningexceptinthecasesof:a.)Linesto
Reservoir, 4.1.1; b.) Vented Manifold, 4.1.2.3; c.)
Accumulator,4.2.
2.4
LineTechnique
Keeplinewidthsapproximatelyequal. Linewidthdoes
notaltermeaningofsymbols.
2.4.1
SolidLineMain
2.4.2
DashLinePilot
(Pilotlineforcontrol)
2.4.3
Rectangle
DottedLine
(ExhaustorDrainLine)
2.4.4
CenterLine
(EnclosureOutline)
2.4.5
SensingLineSameaslinewhichitconnects.
2.4.6
or
2.4.7
LinesJoining
or
2.6
Letter combinations used as parts of graphic
symbolsarenotnecessarilyabbreviations.
2.7
Inmultipleenvelopesymbols,theflowcondition
shownnearestanactuatorsymboltakesplacewhenthat
controliscausedorpermittedtoactuate.
2.8
Eachsymbolisdrawntoshownormal,atrest,or
neutralconditionofcomponentunlessmultiplediagrams
are furnish shown various phases of circuit operation.
Show an actuator symbol for each flow path condition
possessedbythecomponent.
2.9
Anarrowthroughasymbolatapproximately45
degrees indicates that the component can be adjust or
varied.
2.5
Basicsymbols.Maybeshownanysuitablesize.
Sizemaybevariedforemphasisorclarity.Relativesizes
shouldbemaintained.(Asinthefollowingexample.)
Page3of24
FluidPowerSymbols
2.10
Anarrowparalleltotheshortsideofasymbol,
within the symbol, indicates that the component is
pressurecompensated.
2.11
A line terminating in a dot to represent a
thermometeristhesymbolfortemperaturecauseoreffect
SeeTemperatureControls7.9.Temperatureindicatorsand
Recorders 9.1.2 and Temperature Compensation 10.16.3
and10.16.4.
3.6
Line,Pneumatic(OutlettoAtmosphere).
3.61.1
Plainorifice,unconnectable
3.6.2
Connectableorifice(e.g.Thread)
3.7
LinewithFixedRestriction
3.8
Line,Flexible
3.9
Station,Testing,measurement,orpowertakeoff.
3.9.1
Pluggedport.
3.9.2
QuickDisconnect
3.9.3
WithoutChecks
2.12
External ports are located where flow lines
connect to basic symbol, except where component
enclosuresymbolisused.
Externalportsarelocatedatintersectionsofflowlinesand
componentenclosuresymbolwhenenclosureisused,see
Section11.
2.13
Rotatingshaftsaresymbolizedbyanarrowwhich
indicatesdirectionofrotation(assumearrowonnearside
ofshaft).
3.
Conductor, Fluid
3.1 Line,Working(main)
3.2 Line,Pilot(forcontrol)
3.3 Line,ExhaustandLiquidDrain
3.4
Line, sensing,etc.suchas gaugelinesshall be
drawnthesameasthelinetowhichitconnects.
3.5 FlowDirectionof
3.5.1
Pneumatic
3.5.2
Hydraulic
Page4of24
CONNECTED
3.9.4
WithTwoChecks
DISCONNECTED
FluidPowerSymbols
CONNECTED
3.9.5
WithOneCheck
CONNECTED
3.11
DISCONNECTED
4.1.2.1
BelowFluidLevel
4.1.2.2 AboveFluidLevel
DISCONNECTED
(Thereturnlineisdrawntoterminateattheuprightlegsof
thetanksymbol.)
RotatingCoupling
4.1.2.3 VentedManifold
4.
4.1
Reservoir
VENTED
PRESSURIZED
4.2
Accumulator
4.2.1
Accumulator,SpringLoaded
4.2.2
Accumulator,GasCharged
4.2.3
Accumulator,Weighted
BelowFluidLevel
Showlineenteringorleavingbelowreservoironlywhen
suchbottomconnectionisessentialtocircuitfunction.
4.1.2
Simplifiedsymbol
Thesymbolsareusedaspartofacompletecircuit.They
areanalogoustothegroundsymbolofelectricaldiagrams.
.Severalsuchsymbols maybeusedinone
diagramtorepresentthesamereservoir.
4.3
Receiver
4.4
etc.)
EnergySource(Pump,Compressor,Accumulator,
Thissymbolmaybeusedtorepresentafluidpowersource
whichmaybeapump,compressor,oranotherassociated
system.
HYDRAULIC
Page5of24
PNEUMATIC
FluidPowerSymbols
SimplifiedSymbol
Example:
5.
Fluid Conditioners
Devices,whichcontrolthephysicalcharacteristicsofthe
fluid.
Page6of24
FluidPowerSymbols
5.1
HeatExchanger
5.1.1
Heater
Insidetriangles
indicatethe
introductionofheat.
5.1.2
Outsidetriangles
showtheheating
mediumisliquid.
Outsidetriangles
showtheheating
mediumisgaseous.
5.4
FilterSeparator
5.4.1
WithManualDrain
5.4.2
WithAutomaticDrain
5.5
Desiccator(ChemicalDryer)
5.6
Lubricator
5.6.1
LessDrain
5.6.2
WithManualDrain
6.
Linear Devices
6.1
Cylinders,HydraulicandPneumatic
6.1.1
SingleActing
6.1.2
DoubleActing
Cooler
or
Insidetrianglesindicateheatdissipation.
or
(Cornersmaybefilledintorepresenttriangles.)
5.1.3
TemperatureController(Thetemperatureistobe
maintainedbetweentwopredeterminedlimits.)
or
5.2
FilterStrainer
5.3
Separator
5.3.1
WithManualDrain
5.3.2
WithAutomaticDrain
6.1.2.1 SingleEndRod
6.1.2.2 DoubleEndRod
Page7of24
FluidPowerSymbols
6.1.2.3 FixedCushion,AdvanceandRetract
7.2.1
PushButton
7.2.2
Lever
7.2.3
PedalorTreadle
7.3
Mechanical
7.4
Detent
6.1.2.4 AdjustableCushion,AdvanceOnly
NONCUSHION
6.2
6.3
CUSHION,ADVANCEAND
RETRACT
PressureIntensifier
ServoPositioner(Simplified)
Hydraulic
6.4
Pneumatic
DiscretePositioner
PressureCompensated
7.6
Electrical
7.6.1
Solenoid(SingleWinding)
7.6.2
ReversingMotor
Combinetwoormorebasiccylindersymbols.
7.
7.1
Spring
7.2
Manual
M
7.7
PilotPressure
7.7.1
RemoteSupply
FluidPowerSymbols
Page9of24
FluidPowerSymbols
7.7.2
InternalSupply
7.9
Thermal A mechanical device responding to
thermalchange.
7.7.3
ActuationbyReleasedPressure
ByRemoteExhaust ByInternalReturn
7.7.4
7.9.1
LocalSensing
7.9.2
WithBulbforRemoteSensing
PilotControlled,SpringCentered
7.10
Servo
SimplifiedSymbol
CompleteSymbol
7.7.5
PilotDifferential
CompositeActuators(and,or,and/or)
Basic..Onesignalonlycausesthe
devicetooperate
SimplifiedSymbol
7.8
SolenoidPilot
7.8.1
SolenoidorPilot
CompleteSymbol
And.;Onesignalandasecond
signalbothcausethe
devicetooperate.
ExternalPilotSupply
Or..Onesignalortheothersignal
causesthedevicetooperate.
InternalPilotSupplyandExhaust
7.8.2
SolenoidandPilot
Page10of24
And/Or..Thesolenoidandthepilot
orthemanualoverridealone
causesthedevicetooperate.
FluidPowerSymbols
Thesolenoidandthepilot
Thesolenoidandthepilot
orthemanualoverride
oramanualoverrideand
andthepilot
thepilotoramanual
overridealone.
Page11of24
FluidPowerSymbols
8.
Rotary Devices
8.1
BasicSymbol
8.2.3
VariableDisplacement,PressureCompensated
8.2.3.1 Unidirectional
8.1.1
WithPorts
8.1.2
WithRotatingShaft,withcontrolandwithDrain
Simplified
Complete
8.2.3.2 Bidirectional
8.2
HydraulicPump
8.2.1
FixedDisplacement
8.2.1.1
Unidirectional
Simplified
8.3
HydraulicMotor
8.3.1
FixedDisplacement
Complete
8.2.1.2 Bidirectional
8.3.1.2 Bidirectional
8.2.2
VariableDisplacement,Noncompensated
8.2.2.1 Unidirectional
8.3.2
VariableDisplacement
8.3.2.1 Unidirectional
Simplified
Complete
8.2.2.2 Bidirectional
8.3.2.2 Bidirectional
8.4
Simplified
Page12of24
Complete
PumpMotor,Hydraulic
FluidPowerSymbols
8.4.1.1 CompleteSymbol
8.6
Motor,Pneumatic
8.6.1
Unidirectional
8.4.1.2 SimplifiedSymbol
8.4.2
Operatingonedirectionofflowaseitherapump
orasamotor.
8.4.2.1 CompleteSymbol
8.6.2
Bidirectional
8.7
Oscillator
8.7.1
Hydraulic
8.7.2
Pneumatic
8.8
Motors,Engines
8.8.1
ElectricMotor
8.4.2.2 SimplifiedSymbol
8.4.3
Operatinginbothdirectionsoffloweitherasa
pumporasamotor.(Variabledisplacement,pressure
compensatedshown.)
8.4.3.1 CompleteSymbol
8.4.3.2 SimplifiedSymbol
8.5
PumpPneumatic
8.5.1
Compressor,FixedDisplacement
8.5.2
VacuumPump,FixedDisplacement
IEC
8.8.2
HeatEngine(E.G.internalcombustionengine.)
9.
9.1
IndicatingandRecording
9.1.1
Pressure
9.1.2
Temperature
9.1.3
FlowMeter
9.1.3.1 FlowRate
Page13of24
FluidPowerSymbols
9.1.3.2 Totalizing
Page14of24
FluidPowerSymbols
9.2
Sensing
9.2.1
Venturi
9.2.2
OrificePlate
9.2.3
9.2.4
10.4
Envelopes
105
Ports
10.6
Ports,InternallyBlocked
PitotTube
Nozzle
Hydraulic
9.3
Accessories
9.3.1
PressureSwitch
9.3.2
Muffler
10.
10.3
Multiple envelope valves capable of infinite
positioning between certain limits are symbolized as in
10.2abovewiththeadditionofhorizontalbars,whichare
drawnparalleltotheenvelope.Thehorizontalbarsarethe
cluestotheinfinitepositioningfunctionpossessedbythe
valverepresented.
Pneumatic
Valves
SymbolSystem10.1
SymbolSystem10.2
10.7 FlowPaths,InternallyOpen(SymbolSystem10.1
and10.2)
Symbol
Symbol
System
System
10.1
10.2
10.8
FlowPaths,InternallyOpen(SymbolSystem10.3)
10.9
TwoWayValves(2PortedValves)
10.9.1 OnOff(ManualShutOff)
Simplified
Off
Page15of24
FluidPowerSymbols
Page16of24
FluidPowerSymbols
On
10.92
10.10
ThreeWayValves
10.10.1
TwoPosition
10.10.1.1 NormallyOpen
Check
Simplified
CompositeSymbol.Flowtotherightisblocked.Flowto
theleftispermitted.
10.10.1.2 NormallyClosed
10.93
Check,PilotOperatedtoOpen
10.10.1.4 TwoPressure
10.94
Check,PilotOperatedtoClose
10.9.5
TwoWayValves
10.10.2 DoubleCheckValveDoublecheckvalvescan
bebuiltwithandwithoutcrossbleed.Suchvalveswith
twopoppetsdonotusuallyallowpressuretomomentarily
crossbleedtoreturnduringtransition.Valveswithone
poppet may allow cross bleed as these symbols
illustrate.
10.9.5.1 TwoPosition
NormallyClosed
NormallyOpen
10.10.2.1 WithoutCrossBleed(Onewayflow).
10.9.5.2 InfinitePosition
10.10.2.2 WithCrossBleed(Reverseflowpermitted).
NormallyClosed
NormallyClosed
NormallyOpen
NormallyOpen
Page17of24
FluidPowerSymbols
10.11
FourWayValves
10.11.1 TwoPosition
TypicalTransitionSymbol
Normal
Actuated
10.11.2 ThreePosition
(a) Normal
(b) ActuatedLeft
10.12
InfinitePositioning(betweenopenandclosed)
10.12.1
NormallyClosed
10.12.2
NormallyOpen
10.13
PressureControlValves
10.13.1
PressureRelief
(c) ActuatedRight
SimplifiedSymbol
Denotes
Normal
10.11.4 TwoPosition,SnapActionwithTransition.
Asthevalveelementshiftsfromonepositiontotheother,
itpassesthroughanintermediateposition.Ifitisessential
tocircuitfunctiontosymbolizethisintransitcondition,
itcanbeshowninthecenterposition,enclosedbydashed
lines.
Page18of24
Actuated
(Relieving)
10.13.2
Sequence
FluidPowerSymbols
10.13.3 PressureReducing
10.13.4 PressureReducingandRelieving
10.16.2
Flowiscontrolledto
theright.Flowtothe
leftbypassescontrol.
10.14
AdjustablewithBypass
InfinitePositioningThreeWayValves
10.15
10.16
InfinitePositioningFourWayValves
FlowControlValves(See3.7)
11.
11.1
ComponentEnclosure
Componentenclosuremaysurroundacompletesymbolor
agroupofsymbolstorepresentanassembly.Itisusedto
convey more information about component connections
and functions. Enclosure indicates extremity of
componentorassembly.Externalportsareassumedtobe
onenclosurelineandindicateconnectionstocomponent.
Flowlinesshallcrossenclosurelinewithoutloopsordots.
Page19of24
FluidPowerSymbols
11.2
Airline Accessories (Filter, Regulator and
Lubricator)
Composite
Simplified
Page20of24
FluidPowerSymbols
11.3
PumpsandMotors
11.3.1
Pumps
11.3.1.1 Double,FixedDisplacement,OneInletandTwo
Outlets.
11.3.1.2 Double,withIntegralCheckUnloadingandTwo
Outlets
Page21of24
FluidPowerSymbols
11.4.6
TwoPositions,FourConnectionSolenoid,andPilotActuated,withManualPilotOverride.
SimplifiedSymbol
CompleteSymbol
Page22of24
FluidPowerSymbols
11.4
Valves
11.4.1
Relief,BalancedType
11.4.4
PressureReducingwithIntegralCheck.
11.4.5
PilotOperatedCheck
11.4.5.1 DifferentialPilotOpened.
11.4.2
RemoteOperatedSequencewithIntegralCheck
11.4.5.2
Page23of24
FluidPowerSymbols
11.4.7
TwoPosition,FiveConnection,SolenoidControlPilotActuatedwithDetentsandThrottleExhaust.
SimplifiedSymbol
CompleteSymbol
11.4.8
VariablePressureCompensatedFlowControlandOverloadRelief.
Page24of24