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Parameters Calculation of Single- and DoubleCage Models for Induction Motors from
Manufacturer Data
L. Guasch-Pesquer, L. Youb, A.A. Jaramillo-Matta, F. Gonzlez-Molina, J.A. Barrado-Rodrigo
I. INTRODUCTION
This paragraph of the first footnote will contain the date on which you
submitted your paper for review.
This work was supported by: the Batna University; the Spanish Ministerio
de Economa y Competitividad under Grant DPI2013-47437-R; the
Facultad de Ingeniera and the CIDC, Centro de Investigaciones y
Desarrollo Cientfico of the Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos de Caldas,
Colombia, with project 1105, conv. 08-2013.
L. Guasch-Pesquer, F. Gonzlez-Molina and J.A. Barrado-Rodrigo are
with the Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain (e-mail:
luis.guasch@urv.cat).
L. Youb is with Batna University, Batna, Algeria. (e-mail:
youblamia@yahoo.fr).
A.A. Jaramillo-Matta is with the Research Laboratory in Alternative
Energy Sources (LIFAE), Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos de Caldas,
Bogot, Colombia (e-mail: ajaramillom@udistrital.edu.co).
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Is
Rs
Xsd
Im
Ir
Xrd
Xm
Vs
Rr/s
Is
+
Vs
Rs
Xsd
Im
Xm
I1
I2
X1d
X2d
R1/s
R2/s
V. PARAMETERS DETERMINATIONS
There are many different techniques to determine the
equivalent circuit parameters. In this research, the direct
determination (without algorithms) of those parameters from
data provided by the manufacturer (without any laboratory
test) has been selected.
This technique has been evaluated using all motors from the
sample, with two different models of the induction machine:
single- and double-cage, following the mathematical
expressions shown in [1] to determine the set of initial values
of the parameters. In the cited work, this set of parameters is
the initial point for the iterative algorithm used to determine
the final set of parameters.
The two models have the same equations for parameters Rs,
Xm and Xsd. In all cases the parameters correspond to a star
connection reference.
R s = 1 .5 R r
D. Manufacturer Data
The distribution by manufacturer is: ABB, 573 motors;
CMG, 47 motors; Leroy Somer, 336 motors; Marelli, 206
motors; Rossi, 171 motors; Siemens, 454 motors; WEG, 380
motors.
E. Synchronous speed
The distribution by synchronous speed is: 3600 min-1, 125
motors; 3000 min-1, 514 motors; 1800 min-1, 125 motors;
1500 min-1, 523 motors; 1200 min-1, 102 motors; 1000 min-1,
Xm =
(1)
Vs
QFL
X sd = 0 . 05 X m
(2)
(3)
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shown below.
3 V / 3 sFL
Rr = s
PFL
(4)
X rd = 0 . 05 X m
(5)
B. Double-cage model
Expressions for the calculation of the rotor parameters are
shown below.
3 V / 3 sFL
R1 = s
= Rr
PFL
R 2 = 5 R1
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
X 1d = 1 . 2 X sd
X 2d = 1 . 0 X sd
VI. RESULTS
From the calculated parameters the simulated values for the
different variables (torque, current, power, etc) can be
obtained with a new set of expressions. The expressions are
different for single- and double-cage models.
A. Single-cage model
Expressions for the single-cage model are shown in (10)(14).
TSC =
3 Rr 2
Ir
s s
(10)
Vs
Z in, SC
(11)
I s,SC =
1
PSC = 3 1 R r I r2
s
cos SC =
SC
real (Z in, SC )
Z in, SC
2
1 Rr I r
s
100
=
1
R S I S2 + R r I r2
s
(12)
(13)
(14)
TDC =
Z in, SC = R s + j X s +
I s, DC =
1
1
1
+
j X m R r + j X r
3
(R1 I 12 + R 2 I 22 )
s s
(15)
B. Double-cage model
Expressions for the double-cage model are shown in (16)(20).
239
Vs
Z in, DC
1
PDC = 3 1 (R1 I 12 + R 2 I 22 )
s
cos DC =
real (Z in, DC )
Z in, DC
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
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Fig. 11. Torque errors for star point (ST) and the maximum torque (M).
Fig. 12. Torque and speed errors for the full-load point.
Fig. 10. Torque versus mechanical speed. Manufacturer, Rossi; 5.5 kW;
8 poles; 50 Hz.
DC
2
2
1 R1 I 1 R 2 I 2
s
100
=
1
R s I s2 + R1 I 12 + R 22
s
(20)
Z in, DC = Rs + j X s +
1
1
1
1
+
+
j X m R1 + j X 1 R2 + j X 2
(21)
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TABLE I
ERRORS (%), FOR FULL-LOAD POWER
1 < P 10 kW
10 < P 100 kW
598 motors
804 motors
0 < P 1 kW
224 motors
Error
mean
Start torque SC
Start torque DC
Start current SC
Start current DC
Max torque SC
Max torque DC
Rated torque SC
Rated torque DC
Rated speed SC
Rated speed DC
Rated current SC
Rated current DC
Rated power SC
Rated power DC
Rated power factor SC
Rated power factor DC
Rated efficiency SC
Rated efficiency DC
-26.10
-33.67
-37.31
-37.31
-23.44
-27.86
-3.12
-2.49
-5.62
-3.87
-27.26
-25.65
-9.28
-6.88
23.01
22.32
3.99
5.16
std
26.68
23.36
18.05
18.05
23.26
20.96
6.21
5.71
4.22
3.70
13.15
13.33
9.37
8.53
13.45
13.98
15.08
15.19
mean
-21.84
-22.70
-13.15
-13.15
-4.78
-15.30
-0.20
-0.07
-1.55
-0.71
-8.76
-7.18
-1.86
-0.85
5.76
4.49
2.03
2.60
std
mean
36.24
29.55
45.40
45.40
27.20
24.72
0.49
0.64
1.31
0.92
6.19
6.45
2.05
1.65
7.13
7.39
5.12
4.95
-53.70
-29.06
-8.08
-8.08
14.89
-3.71
-0.14
0.11
-0.41
-0.07
-0.73
1.19
-0.57
0.03
-1.48
-2.95
1.76
1.97
std
mean
26.92
22.13
23.17
23.17
26.68
23.50
1.33
0.98
0.23
0.09
2.96
3.18
1.43
1.11
2.80
2.99
1.54
1.48
-74.94
-38.78
-7.16
-7.16
31.64
6.82
-3.15
1.54
-0.16
-0.00
0.53
5.09
-3.30
1.55
-4.37
-4.97
1.62
1.73
std
14.67
28.12
14.37
14.37
30.85
27.82
5.67
1.31
0.73
0.02
23.36
1.64
5.64
1.26
4.79
1.80
1.87
0.91
TABLE II
ERRORS (%), FOR RATIO START TORQUE VERSUS MAXIMUM TORQUE
0.800 < TO/TM 0.900
0.900 < TO/TM 1.000
1.000 < TO/TM 2.273
0.300 < TO/TM 0.800
716 motors
654 motors
630 motors
167 motors
Error
mean
Start torque SC
Start torque DC
Start current SC
Start current DC
Max torque SC
Max torque DC
Rated torque SC
Rated torque DC
Rated speed SC
Rated speed DC
Rated current SC
Rated current DC
Rated power SC
Rated power DC
Rated power factor SC
Rated power factor DC
Rated efficiency SC
Rated efficiency DC
ex =
-39.34
-18.53
-6.05
-6.05
11.00
-6.23
-1.55
0.50
-0.73
-0.27
-3.76
-1.36
-2.33
0.19
0.46
-0.47
2.57
2.89
std
44.05
33.30
40.40
40.40
27.45
24.00
4.16
1.41
1.42
0.95
21.60
8.66
4.48
2.32
9.23
8.42
4.75
4.57
xsimulated xdata
100
xdata
mean
-48.28
-31.36
-12.43
-12.43
9.35
-7.09
-0.75
0.25
-0.92
-0.39
-4.22
-1.72
-1.71
-0.18
1.45
0.18
1.92
2.26
std
mean
30.53
21.13
21.82
21.82
28.31
23.72
2.84
1.16
1.43
1.00
7.87
8.38
3.35
1.97
7.73
7.89
5.03
5.03
(22)
A. Start point
The speed is zero in this point, nST = 0 min-1. The
manufacturer provides ratios: IST/IFL and TST/TFL (and IFL and
TFL values).
In this case, the torque and current errors are calculated. In
Fig. 11, the torque error for the start point is shown.
B. Maximum torque
At this point, the manufacturer provides only the torque
value, TM, but not the speed or current values.
In Fig. 11, the error for the maximum torque is shown.
-52.51
-38.29
-16.97
-16.97
7.75
-7.88
-1.26
-0.18
-1.80
-1.07
-7.86
-5.37
-3.20
-1.37
4.64
3.48
1.80
2.27
std
mean
25.73
18.85
25.14
25.14
36.69
29.20
4.07
3.25
2.94
2.31
12.80
13.34
6.02
5.10
11.90
12.20
7.22
7.30
-58.69
-45.28
-20.58
-20.58
12.65
-3.76
-1.46
-0.51
-2.08
-1.32
-7.44
-5.07
-3.76
-2.04
5.05
3.91
1.07
1.52
std
21.61
18.21
22.86
22.86
48.31
39.31
4.61
3.99
3.54
2.90
13.23
13.50
7.50
6.65
13.76
14.26
5.58
5.58
Total
2167 motors
mean
std
-47.35
-30.21
-12.27
-12.27
9.68
-6.78
-1.22
0.15
-1.21
-0.62
-5.37
-2.92
-2.51
-0.55
2.33
1.21
2.03
2.42
34.48
26.67
30.50
30.50
32.59
26.96
3.84
2.34
2.24
1.72
15.39
10.72
5.03
3.81
10.26
10.21
5.73
5.70
Total
2167 motors
mean
-47.36
-30.21
-12.27
-12.27
9.68
-6.78
-1.22
0.15
-1.20
-0.62
-5.37
-2.92
-2.51
-0.55
2.33
1.21
2.03
2.42
std
34.48
26.67
30.50
30.50
32.59
26.96
3.84
2.34
2.24
1.72
15.39
10.72
5.03
3.81
10.26
10.21
5.73
5.70
C. Full-load point
It is the point where motors are designed to work in steady
state. At this point, the manufacturer provides: TFL, nFL, IFL,
PFL, FL, cos FL.
In this case, the point of the torque-speed characteristic that
determines a smaller square error with respect to the full-load
operating point, eFL, was searched following the expression
(23).
(23)
Where eT,FL and en,FL are the torque and speed errors at the
full-load point respectivily. All errors are represented in
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Fig. 12.
Once the algorithm determines the minimum square error
fixed, the errors calculated are: torque, speed, current, power,
power factor and efficiency.
IX. DISCUSSION
Each of the calculate error for the 2167 induction motors
are shown in Table I for results organized by full-load power,
and in Table II for results organized by the ratio TST/TM.
In this work, the analysis of errors has been divided
considering four different aspects: operating point,
mathematical model, full-load power, ratio TST/TM.
A. Operating point
Large errors are observed in the start and maximum torque
points for all cases. However, the errors in the full-load point
are small, except sometimes, when the motor has a fractional
full-load power.
The speed for the maximum torque point is not provided by
the manufacturers (only the torque). For this reason, it is not
possible to know the real torque-speed characteristic between
the maximum torque point and the full-load point, and it is not
possible to know the limits of the zone around the full-load
point where the simulated torque-speed characteristics are
close to the real characteristic. Nevertheless, the simulated
torque-speed characteristics of the eight motors selected from
the set of section VII (Fig. 3 to Fig. 10), show a very similar
performance between the single- and double-cage models
around the full-load point. However, it is not possible to
define this zone without having additional information about
the motor, but the simulated torque-speed characteristics looks
like a good adjustment between a synchronous speed point and
a theoretical middle point between the maximum torque given
by the manufacturer and the full-load torque.
B. Mathematical model
In general, the double-cage model presents lower error
compared to the single-cage model. Differences are smaller in
the full-load point.
C. Full-load power
Most of the errors, for the fractional full-load power, are
large when using motors with PFL > 1 kW. However, the
errors behavior when the full-load power is analyzed is not the
same for the different kind of magnitudes: torque, current,
efficiency, etc.
D. Torque Ratio TST/TM
Initially, Table II was made to see whether TST/TM is a good
ratio to make a classification for the errors. The expectation
was that the single-cage model provides large errors when
TST/TM are high, and small errors when TST/TM are small. On
REFERENCES
[1]
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