G.C.

E Advanced Level

A.M. JAHAN
Revision
UNIT 01 & 02

Way to the A
gy;Nju;T tpdhf;fs;.

1) rhu;s;]; gNg[; fzpdpapd; je;ij vdr; rpyuhy; $wg;gLfpd;whu;.

Vnddpy; mtu;>
(1)g];fiyd;
(Pascaline)
vDk;
nghwpKiwf;
fzpg;ghidf;
fz;Lgpbj;jjhy; MFk;.
(2)kPs; nra;epuw;gLj;jf;$ba (re programmable) KjyhtJ
,yj;jpudpay; fzpf;Fk; ,ae;jpuj;ij fz;Lgpbj;jjhy; MFk;.
(3)IBM epWtdj;jpd; KjyhtJ jdpegu; fzpdpia cUthf;ftjpy;
jiykj;Jtg; gjtpia tfpj;jhu; vd;gjdhy; MFk;.
(4)etPd fzpdpfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; cs;sPl;Lr; nrad;Kiw
kw;Wk; tUtpisT vDk; vz;zf;fUf;fis Kjd; Kjyhf mwpKfk;
nra;jhu; vd;gjhyhFk;.
(5)KjyhtJ ,yj;jpudpay; ,af;fKiwf; fzpdpahd ENIAC (Electronic
Numerical Integrator And Computer) ,d; ];jhgfu; vdgdhy; MFk;.
2) fzpg;Gr; rhjdq;fspd; (Computing Devices) gupzhk tsu;r;rp
njhlu;ghd rupahd $w;W gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
(1)ntw;wplf; Foha;fisg; gad;gLj;jp gpnsa;]; g];fhy; %yk;
g];fiyd; (Pascaline) ,ae;jpuk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
(2)g];fiyd; Kjyhk; jiyKiwf; fzpg;Gr; rhjdkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
(3)ntw;wplf; Foha;fs; %yk; cUthf;fg;gl;l fzpdpfs; ,uz;lhk;
jiyKiwf; fzpdpfshf fUjg;gLfpd;wd.
(4)(ENIAC) Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer fzpdp
ntw;wplf; Foha;fisg; gad;gLj;jp cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
(5)mg;gps; I, mg;gps; II vd;gd ,uz;lhk; jiyKiwf;
fzpdpf;Fupa ,U cjhuzq;fshFk;.
3) gpd;tUk; g+uzg;gLj;jhj trdj;ijg; g+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1980 N[hrg;
[f;Fthl; vd;gtu; jd;Dila nerT miyia jd;dpaf;fkhf;Ftjd; %yk;

juTfisg; gjpT nra;tjw;F

gad;gLj;jpdhu;.
(1)$l;lw; nghwp (adding machine)
(2)Jisaplg;gl;l ml;ilfs; (punch cards)
(3)xyp ml;il (sound card)
(4)ghFghl;Lg; nghwp (Difference engine)
(5)gFg;Gg; nghwp (analytical engine)

vd;gjidg;

4) gNg[pd; Difference Engine mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;lJ. NkNy cs;s $w;wpd; ntw;wplj;ij epug;g nghUj;jkhd
njhopEl;gk; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
(1),ae;jputpaw; njhopEl;gk; (Machinery Technology)
(2)ntw;wplf; Foha; njhopEl;gj;ij (vacuum tube technology)
(3)jpupjilaj; njhopEl;gj;ij (transistor technology)
(4)xUq;fpize;j $w;Wf;fspd; njhopEl;gj;ij (IC technology)
(5)mjpNgusT xUq;fpizg;G Rw;Wj; njhopEl;gj;ij (VLSI Circuit
technology)
5) gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fSs; cz;ikahdJ vJ?
(1)Herman Hollerith vd;gtu; gFg;Gg; nghwpapid tbtikj;jhu;.
(2)Pascaline vd;gJ $l;ly; kw;Wk; fopj;jy; nra;iffSf;fhf rhu;s;];
gNg[pdhy; tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ.
(3)g];fiyd;
vd;gJ
gpsapy;
g];fhypdhy;
Jisaplg;gl;l
ml;ilfspypUe;J jutpid thrpg;gjw;F tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ.
(4)ghFghl;Lg;
nghwpahdJ
gpsapy;
gh];fhypdhy;
tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ.
(5)mlh yt;N]; vd;gtu; KjyhtJ fzpdp nra;epuyhsuhff;
fUjg;gLfpd;whu;.
6) jfty;fis Nrkpg;gjw;fhf epfo;r;rp epuyhf;fg;gl;l KjyhtJ vz;zpay;
tiff; fzpdp ahJ?
(1) ENIAC
(2) EDVAC
(3) MARK I
(4) PASCALINE
(5) ANALYTICAL ENGINE
7) 3k; guk;giuf; fzpdpfspy; Kjd;ik epidtfkhf .. vDk; cgfuzKk;
,uz;lhk; epidtfkhf .. vDk; cgfuzKk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
(1)fhe;j cUis (Magnetic Drum), fhe;j ehlh (Magnetic Tape)
(2)fhe;j cUis> fhe;j tl;L (Hard Disk)
(3)fhe;jg; gz;Gs;s cs;sfk; (Magnatic Core), fhe;j tl;L
(4)LSI Fiwflj;jp> xspapay; tl;L (Optical Disk)

(5)VLSI Fiwflj;jp> fhe;j tl;L

8) EDVAC fzpdpia tbtikj;jtu; ahu;?
(1) John Von Neumann
(2) J.Presper Eckert
(3) Charles Babbage
(4) Ada Lovelace
(5) Blais Pascal
9) nra;epuy;fis fzpdpfspy; Nrkpf;fyhk;
$wpatu;>
(1) John Mouchley
(2) J.P. Eckert
(3) Jhon Neumann
(4) Joseph Jacquard
(5) William Shockley

vDk;

vz;zf;fUitf;

10)
ngWkjpkpf;f jftypd; ,ay;ghd Neutpay;G (Timelines) vd;gij
tiuaiw nra;af;$baJ vJ?
(1)jftiy gy;NtW Nehf;fq;fSf;fhfTk; gad;gLj;jf;$ba jd;ik
(2)midj;J Kf;fpakhd cz;ikfisAk; (Facts) nfhz;bUj;jy;
(3)jftypd; ek;gfj; jd;ik
(4)jfty; Njitg;gLk;NghJ mjid toq;ff;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;.
(5)jfty; rupahdjh vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jf;$ba jd;ik
11)
gp;dtUtdtw;Ws; juT> jfty; vd;gJ njhlu;ghd rupahd $w;W
vJ?
(1)kpf mjpfsthd juTfs; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ khj;jpuNk
jpu;khdq;fs; vLf;fg;gLk;.
(2)jutpd; nry;YgbahFk; jd;ik (Validity) ahdJ jutpd; Jy;ypaj;
jd;ikapw; jq;fpapUf;Fk;
(3)juTfis nrad;Kiwf;Fs;shf;fpg; ngwg;gLk; jftyhdJ vg;NghJk;
Jy;ypakhf ,Uf;Fk;.
(4)jfty;fisg; ngWtjw;F juTfs; gy;NtW %yfq;fspy; ,Ue;J
Nrfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
(5)jutpd; Jy;ypaj; jd;ikahdJ cs;sPl nra;Ak; juTfspd; Jy;ypaj;
jd;ikapy; kl;Lk; jq;fpapUf;Fk;.
12)
,yq;iff; fpwpf;fl; mzp T 20 cyff; fpz;zk; 2014 Nghl;bia
ntw;wpnfhz;lJ. ,yq;iff; fpwpf;fl; ,urpfu;fSf;F ,j;jfty; mjpAau;
ngWkhdj;ijj; je;jJ
(1) ,Wjpg; Nghl;b Muk;gkhdNghjhFk;.

(2) jprhu ngNuuh ntw;wp Xl;lj;ijf; Ftpj;jNghjhFk;.

(3) jiytu; yrpj; kypq;f ntw;wpf; fpz;zj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l
NghjhFk;.
(4) mtu;fs; gj;jpupifapy; nra;jpiag; ghu;j;jNghjhFk;.
(5) mtu;fs; fpwpf;fl; tPuu;fis fl;Lehaf;f tpkhd epyaj;jpw;
fz;lNghjhFk;.
(2014)
13)
jfty; gw;wpa nghd; tpjpfs; (The Golden Rule if Information)
fspy; jftypd; ngWkjp gw;wpa gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fSs; vJ
gpioahdJ?
(1) jfty;fspd; ngWkjp mjd; nghUj;jg;ghl;by; jq;fpAs;sJ.
(2) jfty;fis epu;khzpf;Fk; NghNjh my;yJ mjidg; ngWk;NghNjh
mjw;Ff; $ba ngWkjp cs;sJ.
(3) Neuk; G+r;rakhFk;nghj jftypd; ngWkjp FiwtilAk;.
(4) fhyk; nry;yr; nry;y jftypd; ngWkjp gbg;gbahff; Fiwe;J mit
kPz;Lk; juTfshf khWk;.
(5) Nkw;$wpa ahTk; rup
14)

ngWkpf;f jfty;fs; njhlu;ghd $w;Wf;fisf; fUJf.

A. mJ ek;gfj; jd;ikAs;sjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
B. mJ Neue;jtwhik ,ay;igf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;;
C. mJ Jy;ypakhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
(1) A. khj;jpuk;
(2) B khj;jpuk;
(3) A, C khj;jpuk;
(4) A, B khj;jpuk;
(5) A, B, C midj;Jk;

15)
capup msT (Biometric) njhopEl;gj;ijf; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
cs;sPl;Lf; fUtp / fUtpfs; vJ / vit?
A. tpuy; gjp tUb (finger print scanner)
B. Kf mq;fPfhu thrpg;ghd;. ( facial recognition reader)
C. Fuy; mq;fPfhu thrpg;ghd (Voice recognition reader)
D. Fr;rp (stylus)
(1) A, B khj;jpuk;
(2) B, D khj;jpuk;
(3) B, C khj;jpuk;
(4) A, B, D khj;jpuk;
(5) A, B, C khj;jpuk;;
16)
vOkhW epidtff; (RAM) $Wfs; (modules) mbf;fb
xg;gplg;gLtJ . myfpy; mstplg;gLk; mjd; nfhs;sstpdhYk;
kw;Wk; . myfpy; mstplg;gLk; mjd; fjpapdhYk; MFk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;wpd;,ilntspia epug;Gtjw;F kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd
nrhw;fs; KiwNa
(1) fpNyhigl;];> [pfhigl;];

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

[pfhigl;];> nkfhigl;]; nrf;fDf;F

[pfhigl;];> nkfh N`u;l;];
nkfh N`u;l;];> fpNyh N`u;l;];
]fhgpl;];> nkfhgpl;]; nrf;fDf;F

17)
fzpdp xd;wpd; juT mZfy; Ntfk; vDk;
myFfspYk;>
gjpahdJ
.
vDk;
nfhs;sstpYk;
msf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,ilntspia epug;Gtjw;F kpfTk;nghUj;jkhd
nrhw;fs; KiwNa.
(1) GHz, bits
(2) MHz, MB
(3) Hz, Kb
(4) MHz, Kb
(5) KHz, MB
18)
Ez;Kiw topahf;fpahdJ nghJthf mjd; fbfhuf; fjpapdhy;
(Clock Speed) xg;gplg;gl;L .. My; mstplg;gl;L my;yJ
mjd; vOj;jpdhy; (word Line) xg;gplg;gl;L .. My;
mstplg;gl;L mJ xw;iwf;fbfhur; rf;fuj;jpdhy; (Single clock Cycle)
NkYs;s $w;wpd; ntw;;wplq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdJ?
(1) gpl;]; (bits), nkfh N`u;l;]; (MHz)
(2) igl;]; (Bytes),
[pfhN`u;l;]; (GHz)
(3) MHz, gpl;];
(4) igl;];
(5)
nrf;fd;l;];
(Soconds), gpl;];
19)
jdpegu; fzpdpapy; (Personal Computer) cs;s vOkhW mZfy;
epidtfj;jpd; (RAM) Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gad;ghL (typical Use) my;yhjJ
gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ahJ?
(1) Kiwtopahf;fj;jpw;fhf jutfis itj;jpUj;jy;
(2) nra;iffSf;fhf (operations) mwpTWj;jy;fis itj;jpUj;jy;
(3) gzpnray; Kiwikf;fhfj; Njf;fj;ij (Storage) itj;jpUj;jy;.
(4) tUtpisTf;fhd jfty;fisj; jf;fitj;jpUj;jy;
(5) njhlf;Ftjw;F (boot up) BIOS nra;epuiy itj;jpUj;jy;.
20)
Ez;Kiw topahf;fpapd; xU ghfkhf ,Ue;J juTfisAk; fl;lisfisAk;
nraw;ghl;bd;NghJ (Execution) jd;dfj;Nj itj;jpUf;Fk; kpf Ntfkhd
jw;fhypf Nrkpg;gfk; (High Speed Temporary Storage).. vd
miof;fg;gLk; ,ilntspf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdit?
(1) gjpapfs;
(2) vOkhW mZfy;
epidtfk;
(3) kha epidtfk; (Virtual Memory)
(4) EP Rom
(5) gspr;rPl;L epidtfk; (Flash Memory)

21)
Fwpg;ghf gJf;F epidtfk; (cache memory) .
Nrkpf;fg;gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
,f;$w;wpd;
ntw;wplj;ij
epug;Gtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhdJ vJ?
(1) mjpfsthd juTfisj; jw;fhypfkhf
(2)kpff; Fiwthf (Least Frequently) ngWk; juTfis epue;jukhf
(3)kpff; Fiwthf (Least Frequently) ngWk; juTfis jw;fhypfkhf
(4)kpff; mjpfkhf (most Frequently) ngWk; juTfis jw;fhypfkhf
(5)kpff; mjpfkhf (most Frequently) ngWk; juTfis epue;jukhf
22)
Ez;Kiw
topahf;fpf;F
ntspg;Gwkhf
(Component) gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
(1) fzpjj; ju;f;ftpay; myF
epidtfk;
(3) fl;Lg;ghl;L myF
(5) Kjyhk; kl;l gJf;F epidtfk;
23)

mike;Js;s

gFjp

(2) vOkhW mZfy;

(4) gjpapfs;

r%f tiyaikg;Gj; jsq;fs; njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk;$w;Wf;fis fUJf.

A. Nju;jy; gpur;rhu epfo;r;rpfSf;Fupa Clfkhf ,tw;wpd; ghtid
mjpfkhfg; gad;gLfpd;wd.
B. r%f tiyaikg;Gj; jsj;jpy; gadupd; cz;ikahd milahsg;gLj;Jif
vg;NghJk; cj;juthjg;gLfpd;wJ.
C. etPd r%fj;jpy; kdpjcwTfisg; NgZtjw;F ,t;tizak; Kw;wpYk;
Njitahd xd;whFk;. Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;Wf;fSs; rupahdJ /
rupahdit vJ / vit?
(1) A. khj;jpuk;
(2) B khj;jpuk;
(3)
C khj;jpuk;
(4) A, B khj;jpuk;
(5) A,C khj;jpuk

24)
Kfg;Gj;jfk; (Facebook) vd;gJ ehs;NjhWk; Gjpa mq;fj;jtu;fs;
,izAk; kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd kf;fisj; njhlu;GgLj;jK; gpurpj;jp
ngw;w r%f tiyaikg;ghFk;. gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fSs; rupahdJ>
(1) cq;fs; FLk;g cwTfisf; fl;bnaOg;GtjpYk; NgZtjpYk;
Kf;fpakhd tfpgq;fpid Kfg;Gj;jfk; m+w;Wfpd;wJ.
(2) ,d;W fhzg;gLk; xNunahU r%f tiyaikg;g Kfg;Gj;jfk; MFk;.
(3) Kfg; Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s jdpj;Jt mikg;gpd (Privacy setting) %yk;
epr;rak;
gadu;fspd;
,ufrpaj;
jd;ik
g+uzkhfg;
Ngzg;gLfpd;wJ.
(4) Kfg;Gj;jfj;jpy; jdpg;gl;l jfty;fis ntspapLtjhy; rpy Jujp\;l
rk;gtq;fs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd.

(5) Kfg;Gj;jfj;jpy;
cj;juthjkhdJ.

jdpegupd;

milahsg;gLj;Jif

vg;NghJk;

25)

gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahd $w;W vJ?

(1) fzpdpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fw;wy; Mrpupau; rhu;e;j
El;gkhFk;.
(2) ];ifg;; (Skype) xU gpugy;akhd fhnzhsp khehL (Video
Conferencing) El;gkhFk;.
(3) jdpg;gl;l kha tiyaikg;G (VPN) njhiyj; njhlu;Gf;fhd
(Telecommuting) Clfj;ij toq;Ffpd;wJ.
(4) njhlu;gpyh (Offline) guPl;irfs; elhj;jg;gLtJ fzpdp cjtpAldhd
fzpg;gPLfshff; (Computer aided assessment) fUjg;gLfpd;wd.
(5) ikf;Nuh nrhgl; gtu;nghapd;l; (Microsoft PowerPoint) vd;gJ
fzpdpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l epfo;j;Jiff;Fupa ,ytr jpwe;j
%y nkd;nghUs (FOSS) MFk;.

26)

gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fisf; fUJf.

A. r%f tiyj;jsq;fspy; gadhsupd; glq;fis ntspapLtJ vg;NghJk;
ghJfhg;ghd epiyia Vw;gLj;Jk;.
B. xUtupd; mdkjpapd;wp ,izaj;jsq;fspy; mtupd; jftiy
ntspapl vy;NyhUf;Fk; mDkjp toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
C. njhopEl;g tsu;r;rp fhuzkhf fzpdp ghfq;fs; mjpfkhff;
fopf;fg;gLtJ #oy;khriltjw;Ff; fhuzkhf mikayhk;.
,f;$w;Wf;fSs; cz;ikahdJ>
(1) A. khj;jpuk;
(2) B khj;jpuk;
(3)
C
khj;jpuk;
(4) A, C khj;jpuk;
(5) A, B, C Mfpad midj;Jk;.

27)
gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUs;>
(1) my SQL
(2) Unix
(4) vb.net
28)

(3) Python

(5) macOS

jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUs; gw;wp $w;Wf;fSs; cz;ikahdJ>

A. ,jd; %y epuy; (Source program) ntsaplg;glj; Njitapy;iy
B. ,jpy; Freeware Shareware vDk; ,U tbtq;fs; cz;L
C. ,k;nkd;nghUisf; nfhz;L khw;Wk;> tpw;Fk; VidNahUf;Fk;
toq;Fk; nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.
(1) A, B khj;jpuk;
(2) B, C khj;jpuk;
(3)
A,C
khj;jpuk;

(4) A, B, C midj;Jk;
(5) C khj;jpuk;
29)
gpd;tUk; cupikAila jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUs; njhlu;ghd
$w;Wf;fisf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;f.
A. cupikAila nkd;nghUs; vg;nghJk; xU egupd;> epWtfj;jpd;
cupikiaf; nfz;bUf;Fk;.
B. jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUl;fs; vg;NghJk; fl;lzkw;w Nritapid
toq;Fk;.
C. jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUl;fis rpy Njitapd; nghUl;L fl;lzq;fis
mwtpl KbAk;.
Nkw;$wpatw;Ws; rupahdit / rupahdJ>
(1) A. khj;jpuk;
(2) B khj;jpuk;
(3) A, B khj;jpuk;
(4) A, C khj;jpuk;
(5) B,C khj;jpuk;
30)

gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ Xu; juT nry;Ygbahf;fy; Kiwad;W

(1) tif rupghu;g;G
(2) tuT rupghu;g;G
(3) tPr;R rupghu;g;G
(4) nkd;nghUs; rupghu;g;G
(5) ePs rupghu;g;G (Length check)

31)
fzpdp Kiw topahf;fpfs; (Processors) gw;wpa gpd;tUk;
tplaq;fisf; fUJf.
A. fzpdpapy; ghtpf;fg;gLk; ,ae;jpu nkhopapy; nrhy;
xd;wpy; mlq;Fk; gpw; (bit) fspd; vz;zpf;if mjd; nrhy; msT
(Word Size) vdg;gLk;.
B. fzpdpapd; gFjpfSf;fpilapy; juTfs; rkpf;iQahfg; gazk;
nra;Ak; ngsjPf topfs; BUS vdg;gLk;.
C. fzpj kw;Wk; ju;ff;g;gFjpfspd; rkpf;iQfis epue;jukhfr;
Nrkpj;J itg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,lk; gjpap vdg;gLk;.
Nkw;$wpatw;wpDs; rupahdJ / rupahdit>
(1) A. khj;jpuk;
(3) C khj;jpuk;
(5) B,C khj;jpuk;
32)
jw;fhyf;
fzpdpahdJ
ntd;
mbg;gilapy;
tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
$w;Wf;fSs; gpioahdjhf miktJ>

(2) B khj;jpuk;
(4) A, B khj;jpuk;
epA+khd;
fl;likg;gpd;
mJ
njhlu;ghf
gpd;tUk;

(1) fzpdp epuYf;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; njhlu;r;rpahf fzpzdp

epWj;jg;gLk;tiu nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;.
(2) epitfq;fs; ,jd; cg Kiwahff; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
(3) Nrkpg;gfq;fs; ,jd; cg Kiwahf mikjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$Wfs;
mjpfk;
(4) ALU, CU, vd;gd ,t;tikg;gpy; cg Kiwahff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
(5) vy;yh rkpf;iQfSk; CU tpdhy; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLfpd;wJ.
33)

gpd;tUtdtw;Ws;

nfhzu;

epiwNtw;Wr;

Row;rp

(fetchexecute cycle) njhlu;ghd $w;Wf;fis tupir Kiwahff; nfhz;l

xOq;F tupir
A. mLj;j fl;lisia vLf;f(fetch next instruction)
B. fl;lisiaf; FwpaPlhf;Ff (Encode the instruction)
C. fl;lisi FwpKiw ePf;fk; nra;f (Decode the instruction)
D. fl;lisia ,af;Ff (Execute the instruction)
(1) A, B, C khj;jpuk;
(2) A, B, D khj;jpuk;
(3) A, C, D khj;jpuk;
(4) B, C, D khj;jpuk;
(5) A, B, C, D Mfpa midj;Jk;
34)
ika Kiwthf;f myfpy; vLj;j mwpTWj;jypid ,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf
. vDk; gFjp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,ilntspf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
nrhy;>
(1) ALU
(2) nra;epuy; vz;zp (Program counter
(3) fl;Lg;ghl;L myF
(4) gJf;F epidtfk;
(5) RAM
35)
CPU ,Ds; cs;s mwpTWj;jy;fis Fwpatpo;f;Fk;; (decodes)
$w;Wf;F toq;fg;gLk; ngau;>
(1) Kjy; epidtfk;
(2) gjptf myF
(3) fl;Lg;ghl;L myF
(4) ALU
(5) nra;epuy; vz;zp (Programm counter)
36)
epiwNtw;Wf; nfhzu; Rw;wpd;NghJ jw;fhypf gpujhd
epidtfkhf gjpap gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,J njhlu;ghd kpfr; rupahd
$w;W>
(1) ,J jw;fhypf epidtfkhf khj;jpuk; njhopw;gLk;.

(2) ,jpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fl;lisj; njhFjpiaf; nfhz;Ls;s epue;ju

epidtfg; gFjpAk; fhzg;gLk;.
(3) gjpapahdJ Fiwe;j mDfy; Ntfj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
(4) gjpapapd; nfhs;ssT kpf mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk;
(5) gjpapahdJ fzpdpapd; jha;g;gyifapy; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
37)
kpd; fw;if (e learning) rk;ge;jkhf gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fisf;
fUJf.
A. fw;wy; nghwpKiwia Nkk;gLj;jtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w xU
njhopEl;g KiwahFk;.
B. ,yj;pudpay; topKiwfspd; Clhf tbtikf;fg;gl;l rpy cs;slf;fq;fs;
Clhf ghuk;gupa Kfj;jpw;F Kfk; (face to face) fw;gpj;jiy
Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
C. mJ Xu; KOikahd fw;wy; khjpupakhFk; mNj Ntis
ghuk;gupa fw;wy; topfisf; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shfpd;wJ.
NkYs;stw;Ws; rupahdJ>
(1) A. khj;jpuk;
(2) A, C khj;jpuk;
(3) B, C khj;jpuk;
(4) A, B khj;jpuk;
38)

(5) A, B, C midj;Jk;
nkd;nghUs; jpUl;L vd;gJ
(1) tPl;by; nkd;nghUspidj; jpULtJ
(2) nkd;nghUspidg; gpujp nra;tJ
(3) cw;gj;jp epWtdq;fspypUe;J nkd;nghUisj; jpULtJ
(4) nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;l nkd;nghUspidg; gpujp nra;tJ
(5) gpujp nra;Ak; cupik ,y;yhj xU ghtidahsu; nkd;nghUspid
rl;lj;jpw;F Kuzhfg; gpujp nra;jy;

39)
cd;dplk; 2MB Ngdh nrYj;jp xd;w fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;f nfhs;f.
mNjNghy;> 1024Kb, 1.2MB, 219 bytes Mfpa msTfspy;
Nfhg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gl;lhy; gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fSs; rupahd $w;iwj;
njupT nra;f.
(1) 1024 Kb Nfhg;gpid Ngdh nrYj;jpapy; Nrkpf;f KbAk;.
(2) 1024Kb, 1.2MB, 219 bytes Mfpatw;iw Nrkpf;f KbAk;.
(3) 1.2 MB Nfhg;gpid khj;jpuk; Nrkpf;f KbAk;.
(4) 1024Kb, 219 bytes Mfpatw;iw khj;jpuk; Nrkpf;f KbAk;.
(5) 219 bytes Nfhg;gpid khj;jpuk; Nrkpf;f KbAk;.

40)
ngsjPftpay; juTfisj; njhlu;r;rpahf thrpj;Jf; fzpdpf;Fs; cs;sPL
nra;tjw;fhf .vDk; cgfuzk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
(1) czu;thd; (Sensor)
(2) Eiothd; (Loggers)
(3) cs;sPl;L cgfuzk;
(4) xspapay; vOj;JU thrpg;ghd; (OCR)
(5) fhe;j vOj;JU thrpg;ghd; (MICR)
41)
njhuwhr; Nritfis (on line Services) ,Ljy; gw;wpa gpd;tUk;
$w;Wf;fisf; fUJf.
A. thbf;ifahsu; njhluwh Nritia milaj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;
B. thbf;ifahsu;
nfhLg;gdTfisr;
nra;a
,yj;jpudpaw;
njhopEl;gj;ijf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.
C. ahjhapDk; xU nghUSf;Ff; fl;lisapLk; NghJ thbf;ifahsupd;
Msilahsk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
D. thbf;ifahsUk;
nrit
toq;FdUk;
xNu
Gtpapaw;
gpuNjrj;jpy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;jj njhluwh Nritf;F Kf;fpakhdit>
(1) A, B khj;jpuk;
(2) A,B, C khj;jpuk;
(3) A, B, D khj;jpuk;
(4) A, C, D, khj;jpuk;
(5) B, D, E khj;jpuk;
42)
tPbNah khehl;il elhj;jy; (video conferencing) vd;gJ gy;NtW
,lq;fspy; ,UtUf;fpilNa my;yJ gyUf;fpilNa eilngWk;
fye;Jiuahlnyd kpfr; rpwe;j tpjj;jpy; tpgupf;fg;gLk; ,ilntspf;Fg;
nghUj;jkhdit?
(1) TV, tPbNah
(2) njhiyNgrp> nrtpg;Gy
(3) tiyaikg;G> nrtpg;Gy
(4) Tv, nrtpg;Gy
(5) tiyaikg;G> nrtpg;Gy> fl;Gy
43)
jd;dpaf;f ryit ,ae;jpuj;jpd; nraw;ghlhdJ mjd; ,ae;jpuk;
nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s rpy;Y xd;wpy; fhzg;gLk; epuy; xd;wpy;
%yNk Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,r;nraw;ghL vd;d nraw;gLj;jiy
Nkw;nfhs;Sk;?
(1) gy; nraw;gLj;jy;
(2) njhluwh nraw;gLj;jy;
(3) njhFjp nraw;gLj;jy;
(4) epfo; Neu nraw;gLj;jy;

(5) njhluwh my;yhj nraw;gLj;jy;

44)
epiyg; nghUs; (firm were) njhlu;ghf gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fisj;
fUJf.
A. fzpdpj; njhFjpiaj; njhlf;Ftjw;F (boot tap) Njitahd
nra;epuyhFk;.
B. fyit ,ae;jpuj;jpy; epiyg; nghUs; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
C. epiyg; nghUs; gpd;G ,yFthf khw;wpaikf;fyhk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;jtw;Ws; vJ / vit rupahdJ / rupahdit

mikg;Gf; fl;Liu tpdhf;fs;

1) tq;fpnahd;W jkJ thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; eilKiwf;
fzf;Ffis guhkupj;jy;> jd;dpaf;f fhrspg;G ,ae;jpur; (ATM)
Nitfs;> fld;fis toq;Fjy;> nrhj;Jf;fisf; Fj;jiff;F tpLjy;> kw;Wk;
ntspehl;L ehzak;; khw;Wjy;> Nghd;w nritfisg; ngw;wf;
nfhLf;fpd;wJ. tq;fpahdJ thbf;ifahsu;fs; jkJ fzf;Ffis fl;Lg;ghl;by;
itj;jpUf;ff;$ba mjpf trjpfis toq;fntd ,iza tq;fpapay; trjpfis
mwpKfg;gLj;jj; jPu;khdpj;jJ. ,jd; %yk; thbf;ifahsu;fs; jdJ fzf;F
itg;G kPjpiag; ghu;f;fTk; rpl;ilfSf;Fg; gzk; nrYj;jTk; NtW
fzf;fpUg;Gf;Fj; jdJ Kjiy khw;wTk; tq;fpAld; njhlu;ghlTk;
Nghd;wtw;iwj; njhluwh Kiwapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sj; Njitahd
trjpfis toq;Ffpd;wJ.
i. tq;fp thbf;ifahsu;fs; ,iza tq;fpapy; trjpfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fj;
jLf;Fk; fhuzpfs; ,uz;L jUf.
..
..
.
.
ii. ,t;thW Kd;itf;fg;gl;l ,iza tq;fp trjp toq;fy; B2C tpahghu tif
vd;gij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tPu;fsh? cq;fs; tpilia epahag;gLj;Jf.
.
.
..

.
.
iii. tq;fp jkJ thbf;ifahsuplk; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; fld; tpz;zg;gg;
gj;jpuq;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT njhlf;fj;jpy; MuhAk;NghJ
(initial screening) epuhfupf;fg;gLtij mtjhdpf;ff;$bajha;
,Ue;jJ. vdNt ty;Ydu; Kiwia (expert system) mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
fld; Kd; nrad;Kiwf; fUtpia thbf;ifahsUf;F toq;Ftjd; %yk;
tq;fp Copau;fspd; Neuj;ij kPjg;gLj;JtJld; thbf;ifahsu;fs;
Vkhw;wk; miltijAk; jtpu;f;f KbAk; vd tq;fp Kfhikj;Jtk;
epidj;jJ. ,jDld; ,zq;Ffpd;wPu;fsh? cq;fs; tpilia epahag;gLj;Jf.
..
..
.
.
2) gpd;tUk; nkd; nghUl;fspy; gad;gL nkd;nghUl;fisj; njupT nra;J
vOJf.
Hanthana, Anti virus, Disk cleanup, Windows, fedora, Disk partitions,
notepad, python
..
..
.
.
3) gpd;tUk; ml;ltizahdJ ngwkjpkpf;f jftypdJ ,aylGfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
epuy; A ,w;Fg; nghUj;jkhd nrhw;fis epuy; B,y; vOJf. nrhw;fs;
fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.
epuy; A
epuy; B
tpidj;jpwd; va;Jtjw;F rupahd
Neuj;jpy; jPu;khdk; va;jg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
jftypd;
rupahd
ek;gfj;
jd;ikapidg; gw;wp ek;gfj; jd;ikia
cWjpg;gLj;jy; rhj;jpakhFk;.
jftypdJ
ngWkjp
mDkjpaspf;fg;glhj
gadu;
nraw;ghLfspdhy; mopTw KbAk;

jPu;khdk; vLj;jy; Kiwtop rhu;ghf

jftypdJ
ngWkjp
jftypd;
nghUj;jg;ghl;bd;
mbg;gilapy;
jPu;khdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
4) gpd;tUk; nrayp xd;wpd; tpguf; $w;Wf;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
nrhw;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
xU
nraypahdJ
xU
jlitapy; 1)
gad;gLj;Jk; gpl;fspd; vz;zpf;if
juT>
rkpf;iQfis
flj;Jtjw;Fg; 2)
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ngsjPf topfs;
ALU
,d;
nraw;ghl;bd;NghJ 3)
jw;fhypf
epidtfkhfj;
njhopw;gLtJ.
nraypapd; Ntfj;jpw;F Vw;wthW 4)
ram ,ypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk;
epidtfk;.
5) jdpj;Jtk; (Privacy) fhg;G (Pattern) vDk; gjq;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisj; jUf.
.
.
..
.
.
6) gjpg;Gupik
(Copyright)
kw;Wk;
jpUl;L
(plagiarism)
Mfpatw;wpdhy; ePu; ahJ fUJfpd;wPu;?
.
.
..
.
.
7)
i. xU epWtdj;jpd; njhiyJ}u (Tele computing) fzpdpapd;
gad;ghl;ilj; jUf?
.
.

..
.
.
ii. njhiyJ}u fzpdpapd; gad;ghl;Lf;Fj;
Njitahd tplaq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
.
.
..
.
.
8) ,uz;lhk; kw;Wk; ehd;fhk; jiyKiwf; fzpdpfSf;fpilapyhd
njhopEl;g NtwghLfs; ,uz;ilAk; ehd;fhk; jiyKiwf; fzpdpapd;
mD$yq;fs; ,uz;bidAk; Fwpg;gpLf.
.
.
..
.
.
9) epiwNtw;Wf; nfhzu; Rw;whdJ ntd;epa+khd; fl;likg;gpy; xU
mwptpj;jy; epiwNtw;wg;gLk; tpjj;ijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,J njhlu;ghd
gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fSf;F nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy vOJf.
RAM
,ypUe;h
mwpTWj;jy;
ngwg;gl;L
nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
gjpapDs; cs;sPlhf;fg;gLjy;
rkpf;iQiag;
gupkhw;Wtjd;
%yk;mwpTWj;jy;fis
epiwNtw;Wjy;
mwpTWj;jy; epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd
nraw;ghLfis fzpj;J mtw;iw ALU
Tld; njuptpj;jy;
10)
Fiw flj;jp (Semi conductor) cw;gj;jpf; fk;gdp xd;wpd;
fpisfs;
[g;ghdpYk;>
mnkupf;fhtpYk;
cs;sd.
jwlNghJ
mgptpUj;jpf;FOtpd; gpujpepjpfs; jkJ njhopEl;g tpthj tplaq;fs;
gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLtjw;F fk;gdpapd; Vida fpisfSf;F mbf;fb

nrd;Wtu Ntz;Lk;. fle;j gy Mz;Lfshff; fk;gdp ,g;nghwpEl;gk;

nryT kpf;fJk; Neuj;ij vLg;gJkhFk; vd;gij czu;e;Js;sJ.
i. Vida fpisfSf;Fr; nrd;W tuhky; njhopEl;g kPl;lha;Tf; $l;lq;fis
elhj;Jtjw;F (ICT) mbg;gil Kiwia Xu; ICT khztd; vd;w
uPjpapy; njuptpf;f.
.
.
..
.
.
ii. NkNy (i) ,y; njuptpj;j Kiwf;Fj; Njitahd 03 mj;jpatrpa ICT
rhjdq;fis (devices) Fwpg;gpLf.
.
.
..
.
.
11)
,yq;if murhdJ tlf;Fg; gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLk; vz;nza; tsk;
njhlu;ghd
Muha;r;rpf;fhf
nghUj;jlhd
fzpdpia
tbtikf;f
cj;Njrpf;fpd;wJ.
i. ICT khztd; vd;w tifapy; ,jw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd fzpdp tifapidj;
njuptpf;f.
.
ii. ,jidj; njupT nra;tjw;fhd fhuzk; ahJ?
.
.
..
.
.

fl;Liu tpdhf;fs;
1) ,yq;if murhq;fkhdJ jdJ Nritfis kf;fSf;F toq;Fk; NghJ mtu;fspd;
jfty;fis ,izak; Clhf toq;fj; jPu;khdpf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;fhf ,izaj;jpy;
,tu;fSf;F vd xU nrkpg;gfk;jpwe;j nfhs;tjw;F vz;zpAs;sj ,tu;fsJ
midj;jg; gbtq;fSk; (flTr;rPl;L> NIC> gpwg;Gr; rhd;wpjo;>

thfd mDkjpg;gj;jpuk;) ,q;F Nrkpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,jw;fhd

gzadu; ngaUk;> Njrpa milahs ml;il ,yf;fk; flTr; nrhy;yhfg;
gadg;Lj;jg;gLk;.
,tu;fspd;
ngau;>
NIC
vd;gtw;iw
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L epWtdq;fs; ,t;thtzq;fisg; guPl;rpf;Fk;.
a. ,r; nraw;ghl;il G2C vd miof;fKbAkh?fhuzk; jUf.
b. ,jid kf;fs; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; Vw;gLk; mD$yk; jUf.
c. ,jd; njhluh nraw;ghl;Lf;F Njitahd Nrkpg;gfj;jpidj; jUk;
epWtdk; xd;W jUf.
d. Mtzq;fs; vt;thW ,r;Nrkpg;Gf;fspy; Nrkpf;f KbAk; vd;gij
tpsf;Ff.
e. ,r;nraw;ghl;L %yk; murhq;fk; vjpu;nfhs;sNtz;b tUk; xU
gpujp$yk;> kf;fs; vjpu; nfhs;Sk; xU gpujp$yk;
vd;gtw;iwj; jUf.
2) jfty; njhopEl;gk; njhlu;ghd Njrpa gy;fiyf;fofk; ed;F
mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l xd;whFk;. ,e;epWtdk; gl;lg;gbg;G> gl;lg;
gpd; gbg;G Mfpa fw;if newpfis bg;Nshkhf;fs;> jfty;
njhopEl;gk; ghlj;jpYk;> tpahghu Kfhikj;Jtj;jpYk; FWfpa fhy
ghlnewpfs; vd;gdtw;iw elhj;Jfpd;wJ. Nkw;Fwpj;j midj;Jk; fw;if
newpfSf;F khztu; ika ,ilKff; fw;wy; mDgtf;$lq;fshf
tbtikf;fg;gl;l fzpdp> Ma;T$lj;jpYk; elhj;jg;gLfpd;wd. J}u
,lq;fspYs;s gy;NtW khfhzq;fspypUe;J tUk; tprhuizfs;
mjpfupg;gjpypUe;J ,e;epWtdj;jpd; ngau; ehL g+uhfTk;
gpugy;ak; mile;Js;sij ,g;gy;fiyf;fof Kfhikj;Jtk; mwpe;J nfhz;lJ.
NkYk; mz;ikf;fhy fw;if ntspg;gLj;JtJ Xa;tw;w Ntiy ml;ltizapYk;
(busy work schedule) fy;tpf;fhf ehk; xJf;Fk; neuj;jpw;Fs;
,e;epWtdj;jpd;bg;nshkh kw;Wk; FWfpa fhy ghlnewpfs;
coif;Fk; njhopyhsu;fspilNa gpugy;ak; mile;Js;sJ vd;gij
mtjhdpj;jhu;. Kfhikj;JtkhdJ Gjpa ngWkhdq;fs; mlq;fpaJk;
Gjpa re;ijiag; gpbf;Fk; Nehf;Fldhd ,yf;FfNshL $ba J}u Nehf;F
fy;tpf; fw;ifia Kd;nkhope;jJ.
a. Nkw;Fwpj;j J}u Nehf;F fy;tp nra;epuiy mKyhf;Ftjw;F
Kd;nkhopag;gl;lJ. jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopEl;gj;jpd; (ICT)
mbg;gilahd %iwik xd;iw Kd;itf;Ff. Kd;nkhope;j
Kiwikapd; gpujhd $Wfis xU tupg;glj;jpd; Clhf
tpgupf;Ff.
b. Kd;nkhopag;gl;l Kiwikapd; ed;ikfs; 03I tpsf;Ff.
c. Kd;nkhopag;gl;l Kiwikapd; rthy;fs; 03I Muha;f.
3) gpd;tUk; epyikapidf; fUJf.

,yq;ifapy; cs;s efuk; xd;wpy; cs;s gpugy;akhd jdpahu;

itj;jparhiy
xd;W
jk;kplk;
rpfpr;ir
ngWfpd;w
midj;j
nehahspfSf;F ,yj;jpudpay; Rfhjhu ml;ilfis (e Health card)
toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,t;tl;ltizahdJ xt;tnhU NehaspfdpJk; milahsj;
jfty;fSf;F Nkyjpfkh mtupd; Rfhjhuk; njhlu;ghd jfty;fisAk;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;. Nehahsp xUtu; xt;nthU KiwAk; itj;jparhiyf;Fr;
nry;Yifapy;> ,t;tl;ltizahdJ njitg;gLkplj;J ,t;tl;ltizahdJ itj;jparhiy
epu;thfj;jpdhy; ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. itj;jparhiyapy; cs;s
xt;nthU itj;jpa MNyhrfUk; Nehaspapd; jftiy thrpg;gjw;F xU
ml;il thrpg;ghidf; nfhz;bUg;gu;
a. NehaspfSf;F ,t;tl;ilfis toq;Ftjhy; itj;jparhiy ngWk; 03
mD$yq;fisj; jUf
b. Nehahspfs; ,t;tl;ilfisg; ghad;gLj;Jtjhdhy; mtu;fs; ngWk;
,U mD$yq;fisj; jUf.
c. mDkjpaspf;fg;glhjtu;fs; Nehahspapd; Rfhjhuj;j juTfis
mwe;jhy;> Nehahspfs; vjpu;nfhs;sf;$ba rhj;jpakhd xU
mr;RWj;jypid vOJf.
d. Nehahsu;fs; jkJ ml;ilfis njhiyg;gjdhy; mDkjpaw;wtu;fs;
kUj;Jtj; jfty;fis ngWk; mghaj;jpidf; Fiwg;gjw;F ml;ltiz
gad;gLj;jf;$ba xU juTg; ghJfhg;Gj; njhopEl;gj;ijf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
4) ehk; jfty;fisf; fsQrpag;gLj;Jtjpy; kpfTk; xU tPo;r;rpiaf;
fz;Ls;Nshk;. tPbNah>rq;fPjk;> xyp kw;Wk; ntW tifahd
jdpg;gl;l uPjpay; ngWkjpkpf;f Vuhokhd jfty;fisAk; kf;fs;
fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. ,jdhy; xt;nthU ehSf;Fkhd jpl;lkplYf;F
ckJ td; tl;L (Hard disk) nraypof;Fk; rhj;jpak; mjpfkhfyhk;. ,e;j
kjpg;ghd jfty;fis fhg;gplg;gl Ntz;Lk;. njhluwh (online) Kiwik
,tw;iwf; fsQrpag;gLj;JtJ jPu;thFk; vdj; njupfpd;wJ. $Fs;
(Google) nghd;w mNdf fk;gdpfs; jkJ ehshe;j nraw;ghLfSf;fhf
Nritafq;fis (Server) fl;bnaOg;Gfpd;wdu;. ,jdhy; mtu;fs;
mNdfkhd
kpFjpahd
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;
nfhs;jpwdsitf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdu;. ,jid ,g;NgHJ thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F mtu;fsJ
njhluwh juit (onlinedata) fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jtjw;F toq;Ffpd;wdu;.
thbf;ifahsu; Fiwe;j fl;lzj;Jld;$ba juitf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jyhk;.
a. thbf;ifahsu; xUtu; njhluhw juT fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; (online
data storage) Kiwikapy; juitr; Nrkpg;gjdhy; mtUf;Ff;
fpilf;Fk; ed;ikfs; ,uz;L jUf.

b. juT njhluwh fsQ;rpag;gLj;jiy thbf;ifahsUf;F toq;Ftjd;

%yk; mr;Nritfis toq;Fk; epWtdq;fs; ngw;Wf; fnhs;Sk;
ed;ikfs; ,uz;L jUf.
c. thbf;ifahsu; xUtu; njhluwh juTf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;
Kiwikapy; jutpidr; Nrkpg;gjdhy; mtu; vjpu;nfhs;sf;
$ba ,uz;L rthy;fs; jUf.
5) fPNo jug;gl;l nkd;nghus; mgptpUj;jpf; fk;gdpnahd;wpy;
gzpahsu;fspd; kjpg;gPl;Lr; nrad;Kiwiaf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf.
xU nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;;jpf; fk;gdp 600 gzpahsu;fisf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. fk;gdp jdJ gzpahsu;fspd; nrayiltpid xt;nthU
mz;bd; KbTpYk; ifKiwahf (Manually) kjpg;gpL nra;fpd;wJ.
,r;nrayiltpd; ngWNgWfs; gzpahsu;fspd; mLj;j Mz;Lf;fhd rk;gs
Vw;wj;ij
jPu;khdpf;fg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
,r;nrad;Kiwapd;
xt;nthU gzpahsUk; kjpg;gPl;Lg; gbtj;jpy; cs;s gy;NtW
nrayilTf;
Fwpf;fhl;bfspd;
mbg;gilapy;
kjpg;gPl;Lf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gltJld;
Nkyjpfhupadhy;
mf;Fwpfhll;bf;F
Vw;g
Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. mk;kjpg;gPl;bd; nrad;Kiw xt;nthu
gzpahsupd; Ntiy neuj;jpy; fzprkhd mstpid vLf;fpd;wJ.
Gs;spfs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;l gpd;du; kdpjts (HR) KfhikahsUf;F
mtw;iwj; njhFj;J mwpf;if jahupf;f Vw;j;jho ,uz;L khjq;fs;
vLf;Fk;.
xt;nthU
gz[ahsupdJk;rk;gs
Vw;wj;ijj;
jPu;khdpg;gjw;fhf kdpjtsj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;L epiwNtw;W
mjpfhupfisAk; epjpj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J xU epjpapay;
epGziuAk; nfhz;l FOnthd;W epakpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;FO HR
Kfhikahsupd; mwpf;ifiaAk; epjpapay; epGzupd; tpNrl
mwpf;ifapidAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jdJ KbTpid vLf;Fk;.
epjpapay; epGzu; jdJ tpNrl mwpf;ifia jahupg;gjw;F
epWtdj;jpd; mwpTWj;jy;fSf;F (GuideLines) Nkyjpfkhf jdJ
fle;jfhy kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fr; nrad;Kiw mDgtq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtu;.
,e;epjpapay; epGzu; nghJthf jdJ rpghupRfisf; FOtpw;F toq;f
Vwj;jho 03 khjq;fs; vLg;gu;. ,r;nrad;Kiw gzpahsu;fspd; rk;gs
Vw;wj;ij
jhkjg;gLj;Jtjhy;
mtu;fis
kfpo;tw;w
epiyf;F
cs;shf;Ffpd;wJ. gzpahsu; nrad;Kiwia tpiuTgLj;jp cupa
Neuj;jpw;F jdj rk;gs Vw;wj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;FkhW
Kfhikj;Jtj;jplk; Ntz;bAs;sJ.

fk;gdpahdJ
Mz;L
,Wjpf;fhd
gzpahsu;fsJ
nrad;Kiwfis
fzpdpkag;gLj;jp njhluwh Kiwikk online Sysytem Mf;f KbT
nra;Js;sjhy;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
Kiwikapd;
njhopw;ghLfs;
gpd;tUkhW. kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhyj;jpy; kl;Lk; gzpahsu;fs; njhluhw
kjpg;gPl;L Kiwikf;F cl;Gf (logging) mDkjpf;fg;gLtu;. vy;yhg;
gzpahsu;fSk; Kiwikapy; cl;LGFe;J jdf;Ff; fPo;cs;s gzpahsu;fis
kjpg;gPl;Lr; nrad;Kiwf;Fj; njupT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,k;Kiwapy;
njupT nra;j gzpahsUf;F kjpg;gPl;Lg; gbtj;jpy; Gs;spapl;Lr;
rku;g;gpf;FkhW (submit) Ntz;lg;gLtu;. ,k;kjpg;gPl;Lf; fhyj;jpd;
KbTpy; KiwikahdJ jd;dpr;irahfj; juTfis njhFj;J mwpf;ifiag;
gpwg;gpj;J epakpf;fg;gl;l FOtpw;F mDg;Gfpd;wJ.

a. fk;gdp
njhluhw
fzpdpkakhf;fy;
Kiwikia
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd ,U gpujhd fhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
b. fk;gdp
,r;nraw;if
Ez;kjpia
(artificial intelligent)
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Kiwikiag; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd
epidf;fpd;wJ? ,jid ePq;fs; Vw;gPu;fshf. epahag;gLj;Jf.
c. fk;gdpapy; ,k;Kiwik Clhf ,j;njhopyhsUf;F toq;fg;gLk;
Nritfs; B2E vd Kiwik vdf; fUJtPu;fsh? epahag;gLj;Jf.
d. ,f;FOtpw;F ntspahf ty;Ydu; xUtiu miof;f fk;gdp
jPu;khdpf;fpd;wJ. ,k;KbTpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba vjpu;kiwahd
jhf;fk; xd;wpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
6) itj;jparhiy xd;wpd; gzpahsu; itj;jparhiyf;F tUif je;j midj;J
NehahspfspdJk; gpzp Ma;T tuyhw;wpidAk; (clinical history)
kf;fs; njhifj; juTj; jsk; xd;wpy; Ngz vz;zpdhu;. Nehasupd;
kjy; tUiff;Fg; gpd;G mtuJ gpzp Ma;T tuyhW kPz;Lk; itj;jpau;
gupNrhjpg;gjw;Ff; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.
a. ifKiwapy; mwpf;iffisg; NgZk; Kiwikia (manual record
keeping system) ,yj;jpudpay; juTj;js Kiwikahy; gpujpaPL
nra;tjw;fhd gpujhd fhuzq;fs; ,uz;bidj; jUf.
b. gpzp Ma;T tuyhw;wpidj; juTj;jsj;jpy; NgZtjhy; Vw;gLk;
gpujp$yq;fs; ,uz;bid Muha;f.
c. Nehahspapd; gpzp Ma; tuyhw;wpidj; juTj;jsj;jpy;
NgZtJ Xu; ,yj;jpudpay; murhq;fj;jpd; (e government)
gFjpahff; nfhs;s KbAkh? ,t;tpilapid epahag;gLj;Jf.
d. jdJ juTj;jsj;jpd; gjptfis ntspegu;fSk; mjhtj fhg;GWjpf;
fk;gdp
nghd;w
ntspj;jug;gpdUk;
,j;jfty;fis

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhf
mDkjp
toq;f
itj;jparhiyg;
gzpg;ghsu; jPu;khdpj;Js;shu;. jfty; njhlu;gly; njhopEl;g
khztd; vd;w tifapy; ,j;jPu;khdk; njhlu;ghd ckJ
mgpg;gpuhak; ahJ?
7) ghlrhiy xd;W mjd; khztu; tpguq;fspid iftop Kiwikapy;
guhkupf;fpd;wJ. mk;Kiw gy;NtW gpujp$yq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
MfNt ghlrhiyf; iftop Kiwikf;Fg; gjpyhf fzpdp mbg;gilapyhd
khztu; gjpT Kiwikapid mKy;gLj;jtjw;Fj; jpl;lkpLfpd;wJ.
ghlrhiyapd; mjpgu; Gjpa fzpdp mbg;gilapyhd KiwikahdJ
Ntiyr; Rikapidf; Fiwg;gJld; ghlrhiy khztu; kw;wtu;
epu;thfj;jpw;Fr; rpwe;j Nritapid toq;f KbAk; vd jplkhf
ek;Gfpd;whu;.
a. eilKiwpay; cs;s iftop Kiwikapd; 03gpujp$yq;fis tpsf;Ff.
b. Gjpa fzpdp mbg;gilapyhd khztu; gjpT KiwikahdJ
vt;thW epu;thfk; kw;Wk; khztu;fSf;F cjTk; vdr;
RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
c. fzpdp mbg;gilapyhd khztu; gjpT KiwahdJ Xu; jpwe;j
Kiwikah my;yJ %ba Kiwikah? ckJ tpilia epahag;gLj;Jf.
d. Gjpa fzpdp mbg;gilapyhd khztu; gjpT Kiwapidg;
gad;gLj;jp juT kw;Wk; jfty; Mfpatw;wpw;fpilapyhd
NtWghLfis tpsf;Ff.
8) kpd; rhujp mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; (e driving licence) nraw;jpl;lkhdJ
,yq;ifapd; ghuk;gupakhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w thfd rhujp
mDkjpg;gj;jpu Kiwf;Fg;gjpyhf Gjpa ];jhul; fhu;l; rhujp
mDkjpg;
gj;jpuj;jpid
toq;Ftjw;fhdjhFk;.
,r;rhujp
mDkjpg;gj;jpukhdJ rhujpapd; epow;glk;> ngau;> Kftup>
kw;Wk; FUjp tif> ifnaOj;Jg; Nghd;w tpguq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
,t;tpguq;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;J nghyP]; cj;jpNahfj;juhy; ghu;f;ff;
$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. Vida tpguq;fshd iftpuy; milahsk;>
rhujpfspdhy; tPjpfspy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; tpgj;J tpguq;fs;>
mguhjq;fs; Nghd;wit ,yj;jpudpay; rpy;Y (Chip) njhopEl;g
cjtpAld;
kpd;
rhujp
mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpy;
fsQrpag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
,t;tpguq;fs;
mDkjpaspf;fg;glhjtu;fsplk;
,Ue;J
ghJfhf;fg;gLjy;
mtrpakhdjhFk;. mNjNtis tPjpfspy; nritahw;Wfpd;w nghyp];
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;
tau;y]
njhopel;g
cjtpAld;
rhujp
mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s ,t;tpguq;fis thrpf;ff;$bajhf ,Ug;ghu;.
,j;jfty;fs; ahTk; nfhOk;gpy; cs;skj;jpa juTj;jsk; xd;Wld;
,izf;fg;gLk;.

a. Gjpa kpd;rhujp mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jp

nghy];
cj;jpNahfj;ju;my;yJ
nghf;Ftuj;Jj;
jpizf;fsk;
rhujpfis xOq;fikf;ff;$ba ahjhapDk; 03 topfisg;
gpNuupf;f.
b. Gjpa kpd; rhujp mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; %yk; ,yq;ifg;
Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; jpizf;fsk; ngwf;$ba rhj;jpakhd ed;ikfs; 02
jUf.
c. rpy;Y njhopEl;gj;ijj; jtpu juTf; fsQ;rpak;> ,ae;jpu
thrpg;G kw;Wk; jfty; FwpKiwahf;fj;jpw;F gad;gLj;jf;
$ba ml;ilj; njhopEl;gk; ahjhapDk; 02I vOJf.