CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT REAGWNTS

(By Md Saif Uddin)

Sl
No
1

Reagent

Group Out

Group In

Remark

KMnO4 / H+

-CH2OH

-COOH

LiAlH4

-COOH

-CH2OH

3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Cu / 573 K
or CrO3
PCl5 or SOCl2
Cl2 /
or
Cl2 / UV
Aq NaOH / KOH
KCN
AgCN
Alcoholic KOH

-CH2OH
-OH
-H
-X
-X
-X
-HX

-CHO
-Cl
-Cl
-OH
-CN
-NC
=

Strong Oxidation (20 alc

ketone)
Strong Reduction (ketone
20 alc)
Dehydrogenation

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

Mg / dry ether
HBr
>=<
H2 / Pd-BaSO4
-COCl
Zn-Hg / HCl
>C=O
NH3 /
-COOH
Br2 / NaOH or NaOBr
-CONH2
HNO2
or NaNO2/HCl
-NH2
CHCl3 / alc KOH
-NH2
P2O5
-CONH2
H3O+
-CN
OH-CN
LiAlH4
-CN
Red P / Cl2
-H of acid
In benzene ring
Fe / X2 /dark
-H
CH3Cl / AlCl3(anhyd)
-H
CH3COCl / AlCl3(anhyd)
-H
Conc.HNO3/con.H2SO4
-H
Conc H2SO4
-H
KMnO4 / H+
-R
CrO2Cl2 / H+
-CH3

Mg
H, Br
-CHO
-CH2-CONH2
-NH2
-OH
-NC
-CN
-COOH
-CONH2
-CH2NH2
-Cl

-NO2
-Cl
-OH
-NH2

-NH2
-OH
-H
-N2+Cl-

34

Sn / HCl or Fe/HCl
NaOH / 623K / 300 atm
Zn dust /
NaNO2 / dil HCl / 273-278
K
CuCl / HCl or Cu/HCl

-N2+Cl-

-Cl

35

CuBr / HBr

-N2+Cl-

-Br

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

CuCN / KCN
KI
HBF4 /
H3PO2 or CH3CH2OH
H2O / 283 K
HBF4/ NaNO2, Cu /
C6H5-OH
C6H5-NH2

-N2+Cl-N2+Cl-N2+Cl-N2+Cl-N2+Cl-N2+Cl-N2+Cl-N2+Cl-

-CN
-I
-F
-H
-OH
-NO2
-N=N-C6H5-OH
-N=N-C6H5-NH2

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

or Cu/HBr

Free radical substitution

Nucleophilic substitution
Step Up
Dehydrohalogenation
(Stzf)
R-X R-MgX
Merkovnikov
Rosenmund Reduction
Clemmension Reduction
-COOH + NH3 -COONH4
Step Down ( Hoffmann)
HONO
Carbyl amine
Dehydration
Hydrolysis
Reduction
HVZ Reaction

-X
-CH3
-COCH3
-NO2
-SO3H
-COOH
-CHO

Halogination
Friedel Craft alkylation
Friedel Craft acylation
Nitration
Sulphonation
Oxidation
Mild oxidation(Etard
Reaction)
Reduction
Diazo reaction
Sandmeyer or
Gattermann
Sandmeyer or
Gattermann
Sandmeyer

Coupling ( p-hydroxy)
Coupling ( p-amino)

Directional Properties of groups in benzene ring for electrophilic substitution

Ortho-para directing group: -R , -OH, -NH2, -X, -OR,

-NHR,

-NR2, -NHCOCH3, -CH2Cl, -SH,

- Ph

CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT REAGWNTS

Meta-directing group:

-NO2 , -CHO , -COOH , COOR , -CN , -SO3H , -COCH3 , -CCl3 , -NH3+ ,